and live at the mercy of winds and seasons, shall by the paternal care of your majesty enjoy the plenty of cultivated lands, the pleasures of society, the security of law, and the light of revelation. I am, sire, your majesty's most humble, most obedient, and most dutiful subject and servant, GEORGE ADAMS. BISHOP ZACHARY PEARCE'S POSTHUMOUS WORKS. wards; and only the hope of inciting others to imitate him, makes it now fit to be remembered, that he enjoyed in his life the favour of your majesty. The tumultuary life of princes seldom permits them to survey the wide extent of national interest without losing sights of private merit: to exhibit qualities which may be imitated by the highest and the humblest of mankind: and to be at once amiable and great. Such characters, if now and then they appear in history, are contemplated with admiration. May it be the ambition of all your subjects to 2 VOLS. 4TO. PUBLISHED BY THE REV. MR. DERBY, 1777. make haste with their tribute of reverence: and TO THE KING. SIRE,I presume to lay before your majesty the last labours of a learned bishop, who died in the toils and duties of his calling. He is now beyond the reach of all earthly honours and re as posterity may learn from your majesty how kings should live, may they learn, likewise, from your people how they should be honoured. I am, may it please your majesty, with the most profound respect, your majesty's most dutiful and devoted subject and servant. PREFACE ΤΟ NEW TABLES OF INTEREST; BY JOHN PAYNE, DESIGNED TO ANSWER, IN THE MOST CORRECT AND EXPEDITIOUS MANNER, THE COMMON PUR- AMONG the writers of fiction, whose business is to furnish that entertainment which fancy perpetually demands, it is a standing plea, that the beauties of nature are now exhausted: that imitation has exerted all its power, and that nothing more can be done for the service of their mistress, than to exhibit a perpetual transposition of known objects, and draw new pictures, not by introducing new images, but by giving new lights and shades, a new arrangement and colouring to the old. This plea has been cheerfully admitted: and fancy, led by the hand of a skilful guide, treads over again the flowery path she has often trod before, as much enamoured with every new diversification of the same prospect, as with the first appearance of it. when in possession of truth, is satisfied with the simple acquisition; and not like fancy, inclined to wander after new pleasures in the diversification of objects already known, which, perhaps, may lead to error. But notwithstanding this general disinclination to accumulate labours for the sake of that pleasure which arises merely from different modes of investigating truth, yet, as the mines of science have been diligently opened, and their treasures widely diffused, there may be parts chosen, which, by a proper combination and ar rangement, may contribute not only to enter tainment but use, like the rays of the sun col lected in a concave mirror, to serve particular purposes of light and heat. In the regions of science, however, there is not The power of arithmetical numbers has been the same indulgence: the understanding and tried to a vast extent, and variously applied to the judgment travel there in the pursuit of truth, the improvement both of business and science. whom they always expect to find in one simple In particular, so many calculations have been form, free from the disguises of dress and orna- made with respect to the value and use of money, ment: and, as they travel with laborious step that some serve only for speculation and amuse and a fixed eye, they are content to stop when ment; and there is great opportunity for select the shades of night darken the prospect, and ing a few that are peculiarly adapted to common patiently wait the radiance of a new morning, to business, and the daily interchanges of prolead them forward in the path they have chosen, perty among men. Those which happen in the which, however thorny, or however steep, is se- public funds are, at this time, the most frequent verally preferred to the most pleasing excursions and numerous: and to answer the purposes of that bring them no nearer to the object of their that business, in some degree, more perfectly search. The plea, therefore, that nature is ex- than has hitherto been done, the following tables hausted, and that nothing is left to gratify the are published. What that degree of perfection mind, but different combinations of the same above other tables of the same kind may be, is ideas, when urged as a reason for multiplying a matter, not of opinion and taste, in which unnecessary labours among the sons of science, many might vary, but of accuracy and usefulis not so readily admitted; the understanding, Iness, with respect to which most will agree. The approbation they meet with will, therefore, depend upon the experience of those for whom they were principally designed, the proprietors of the public funds, and the brokers who transact the business of the funds, to whose patronage they are cheerfully committed. reputable stock-brokers seem now to have it in their power effectually to prevent its return, by not suffering the most distant approaches of it to take footing in their own practice, and by opposing every effort made for its recovery by the desperate sons of fortune, who, not having the. courage of highwaymen, take 'Change Alley rather than the road, because, though more injurious than highwaymen, they are less in danger of punishment by the loss either of liberty or life. Among the brokers of stocks are men of great honour and probity, who are candid and open in all their transactions, and incapable of mean and selfish purposes: and it is to be lamented, that a market of such importance as the present state of this nation has made theirs, should be brought With respect to the other patrons to whose into any discredit, by the intrusion of bad men, encouragement these Tables have been recomwho, instead of serving their country, and pro-mended, the proprietors of the public funds, who curing an honest subsistence in the army, or the are busy in the improvement of their fortunes, it fleet, endeavour to maintain luxurious tables, is sufficient to say-that no motive can sanctify and splendid equipages, by sporting with the the accumulation of wealth, but an ardent desire public credit. It is not long since the evil of stock-jobbing was risen to such an enormous height, as to threaten great injury to every actual proprietor: particularly to many widows and orphans, who, being bound to depend upon the funds for their whole subsistence, could not possibly retreat from the approaching danger. But this evil, after many unsuccessful attempts of the legislature to conquer it, was, like many others, at length subdued by its own violence; and the to make the most honourable and virtuous use of it, by contributing to the support of good govern- What Good, what True, what Fit we justly call, THOUGHTS ON THE CORONATION OF HIS PRESENT MAJESTY OR, REASONS OFFERED AGAINST CONFINING THE PROCESSION TO THE USUAL TRACK, AND POINTING OUT OTHERS MORE COMMODIOUS AND PROPER. TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED, A PLAN OF THE DIFFERENT PATHS RECOMMENDED, WITH THE PARTS ADJACENT, AND A SKETCH OF THE PROCESSION. MOST HUMBLY SUBMITTED TO CONSIDERATION. FIRST PRINTED IN THE YEAR 1761. ALL pomp is instituted for the sake of the public. A show without spectators can no longer be a show. Magnificence in obscurity is equally vain with a sundial in the grave. As the wisdom of our ancestors has appointed a very splendid and ceremonious inauguration of our kings, their intention was, that they should receive their crown with such awful rites, as might for ever impress upon them a due sense of the duties which they were to take, when the happiness of nations is put into their hands; and that the people, as many as can possibly be witnesses to any single act, should openly acknowledge their sovereign by universal homage. This evil has proceeded from the narrowness and shortness of the way through which the procession has lately passed. As it is narrow, it admits of very few spectators; as it is short, it is soon passed. The first part of the train reaches the abbey before the whole has left the palace; and the nobility of England, in their robes of state, display their riches only to themselves. All this inconvenience may be easily avoided by choosing a wider and longer course, which may be again enlarged and varied by going one way, and returning another. This is not without a precedent; for, not to inquire into the practice of remoter princes, the procession of Charles the Second's Coronation issued from the Tower, and passed though the whole length of the city to Whitehall.* * The king went early in the morning to the Tower of By the late method of conducting the coronation, all these purposes have been defeated. Our kings with their train, have crept to the temple, through obscure passages; and the crown has been worn out of sight of the people. London in his coach, most of the Lords being there before. Of the multitudes, whom loyalty or curiosity And about ten of the clock they set forward towards brought together, the greater part has returned Whitehall, ranged in that order as the heralds had apwithout a single glimpse of their prince's gran-pointed; those of the long robe, the king's council at deur, and the day that opened with festivity ended in discontent, law, the masters of the chancery, and judges, going first, and so the lords in their order, very splendidly habited, on rich footcloths; the number of their footmen The path in the late coronations has been only from Westminster Hall, along New Palaceyard, into Union-street, through the extreme end of King-street, and to the Abbey-door, by the way of St. Margaret's churchyard. The paths which I propose the procession to pass through, are, I. From St. James's Palace, along Pall-Mall and Charing-Cross, by Whitehall, through Parliament-street, down Bridge-street, into Kingstreet, round St. Margaret's churchyard, and from thence into the Abbey. II. From St. James's Palace across the canal, into the Bird Cage Walk, from thence into Great George-street, then turning down Long-ditch, (the Gate-house previously to be taken down,) proceed to the Abbey. Or, III. Continuing the course along Georgestreet, into King-street, and by the way of St. Margaret's churchyard, to pass into the west door of the Abbey. IV. From St. James's Palace, the usual way his Majesty passes to the House of Lords, as far as to the parade, when leaving the Horse Guards on the left, proceed along the Park, up to Great George-street, and pass to the Abbey in either of the tracks last mentioned. V. From Westminster Hall into Parliamentstreet, down Bridge-street, along Great Georgestreet, through Long-ditch (the Gate-house, as before observed, to be taken down,) and so on to the west door of the Abbey. VI. From Whitehall up Parliament-street, down Bridge-street, into King-street, round St. Margaret's churchyard, proceed into the Abbey. VII. From the House of Lords along St. Margaret's-street, across New Palace-yard, into Parliament-street, and from thence to the Abbey by the way last mentioned. But if, on no account the path must be extended to any of the lengths here recommended, I could wish, rather than see the procession confined to the old way, that it should pass, VIII. From Westminster Hall along Palaceyard, into Parliament-street, and continued in the last mentioned path, viz. through Bridgestreet, King-street, and round the churchyard, to the west door of the cathedral. being limited, to the dukes ten, to the lords eight, to the Viscounts six, and the barons four, all richly clad, as their other servants were. The whole show was the most glorious in the order and expense, that had been ever seen in England; they who rode first being in Fleetstreet when the king issued out of the Tower, as was known by the discharge of the ordnance: and it was near three of the clock in the afternoon, when the king alighted at Whitehall. The next morning the king rode in the same state in his robes, and with his crown on his head, and all the lords in their robes, to Westminster Hall; where all the ensigns for the coronation were delivered to those who were appointed to carry them, the Earl of Northumberland being made high constable, and the Earl of Suffolk earl marshal, for the day. And then all the lords in their order, and the king himself, walked on foot, upon blue cloth, from Westminster Hall to the Abbey Church, where, after a sermon preached by Dr. Morley, (then bishop of Worcester,) in Henry the Seventh's Chapel, the king was sworn, crowned and anointed, by Dr. Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury, with all the solemnity that in those cases had been used. All which being done, the king returned in the same manner on foot to Westminster Hall, which was adorned with rich hangings and statues; and there the king dined, and the lords on either side at tables provided for them: and all other ceremonies were performed with great order and magnificence.-Life of Lord Clarendon, p. 187. IX. The return from the Abbey, in either case, to be as usual, viz. round St. Margaret's churchyard, into King-street, through Unionstreet, along New Palace-yard, and so into Westminster Hall. It is almost indifferent which of the six first ways now proposed be taken; but there is a stronger reason than mere convenience for changing the common course. Some of the streets in the old track are so ruinous, that there is danger lest the houses, loaded as they will be with people, all pressing forward in the same direction, should fall down upon the procession. The least evil that can be expected is, that in so close a crowd, some will be trampled upon, and others smothered; and surely a ponip that costs a single life, is too dearly bought. The new streets, as they are more extensive, will afford place to greater numbers with less danger. In this proposal I do not foresee any objection that can reasonably be made. That a longer march will require more time, is not to be mentioned as implying any defect in a scheme of which the whole purpose is to lengthen the march and protract the time. The longest course which I have proposed is not equal to an hour's walk in the Park. The labour is not such, as that the king should refuse it to his people, or the nobility grudge it to the king. Queen Anne went from the palace through the Park to the Hall, on the day of her coronation; and when old and infirm, used to pass on solemn thanksgivings from the palace to St. Paul's church.* In order to convey to the reader some idea how highly parade and magnificence were estimated by our ancestors, on these solemn occasions, I shall take notice of the manner of conducting Lady Anne Boleyn from Greenwich, previous to her coronation, as it is recited by Stow. King Henry VIII. (says that historian) having divorced Queen Catharine, and married Anne Boleyn, or Boloine, who was descended from Godfrey Boloine, Mayor of the city of London, and intending her coronation, sent to order the Lord Mayor, not only to make all the prepara. tions necessary for conducting his royal consort from Greenwich, by water, to the Tower of London, but to passage through it to Westminster. adorn the city after the most magnificent manner, for her In obedience to the royal precept, the mayor and common-council not only ordered the company of haberdash ers, of which the lord mayor was a member, to prepare a magnificent state barge; but enjoined all the city corporations to provide themselves with barges, and to adorn them in the most superb manner, and especially to have them supplied with good bands of music. On the 29th of May, the time prefixed for this pompous procession by water, the mayor, aldermen, and commons, assembled at St. Mary-hill; the mayor and aidermen in scarlet, with gold chains, and those who were knights, with the collars of S S. At one, they went on board the city barge at Billingsgate, which was most magnificently decorated, and attended by fifty noble barges, belonging to the several companies of the city, with each its own corporation on board; and, for the bet ter regulation of this procession, it was ordered, that each barge should keep twice their lengths asunder. Thus regulated, the city barge was preceded by anothor mounted with ordnance, and the figures of dragons, and other monsters, incessantly emitting fire and smoke, with much noise. Then the city barge, attended on the right by the haberdashers' state barge, called the Bachelors, which was covered with gold brocade, and adorned with sails of silk, with two rich standards of the king's and queen's arms at her head and stern, besides a variety of flags and streamers, containing the arms of that com pany, and those of the merchant adventurers; besides which, the shrouds and ratlines were hung with a num ber of small bells; on the left was a barge that contained a very beautiful mount, on which stood a white falcon Part of my scheme supposes the demolition of the Gate-house, a building so offensive, that, without any occasional reason, it ought to be pulled down, for it disgraces the present magnificence of the capital, and is a continual nuisance to neighbours and passengers. crowned, perched upon a golden stump enriched with roses, being the queen's emblem: and round the mount sat several beautiful virgins, singing, and playing upon Instruments. The other barges followed in regular order, till they came below Greenwich. On their return the procession began with that barge which was before the last, in which were mayor's and sheriffs' officers, and this was followed by those of the inferior companies, ascending to the lord mayor's, which immediately preceded that of the queen, who was attended by the Bachelors, or state barge, with the magnificence of which her majesty was much delighted: and being arrived at the Tower, she returned the lord mayor and aldermen thanks for the pomp with which she had been conducted thither. A longer course of scaffolding is doubtless more expensive than a shorter; but it is hoped that the time is now past, when any design was received or rejected according to the money that it would cost. Magnificence cannot be cheap, for what is cheap cannot be magnificent. The This pompous procession being arrived in Fenchurch. street, the queen stopped at a beautiful pageant crowded with children in mercantile habits; who congratulated her majesty upon the joyful occasion of her happy arrival in the city. Thence she proceeded to Gracechurch corner, where was erected a very magnificent pageant, at the expense of the company of Anseatic merchants, in which was represented mount Parnassus, with the fountain of Helicon, of white marble, out of which arose four springs about four feet high, centering at the top in a small globe, from whence issued plenty of Rhenish wine till might On the mount sat Apollo, at his feet was Calliope, and beneath were the rest of the Muses, surrounding the mount, and playing upon a variety of musical instru ments, at whose feet were inscribed several epigrams suited to the occasion, in letters of gold. Her majesty then proceeded to Leadenhall, where stood a pageant, representing a hill encompassed with red and white roses; and above it was a golden stump, upon which a white falcon, descending from above, perched, and was quickly followed by an angel, who put a crown of gold upon his head. A little lower on the hillock sat St. Anne, surrounded by her progeny, one of whom made an oration, in which was a wish that her majesty might prove extremely prolific. Two days after, the lord mayor, in a gown of crimson velvet, and a rich collar of S S, attended by the sheriffs, and two domestics in red and white damask, went to receive the queen at the Tower of London, whence the sheriffs returned to see that every thing was in order. The streets were just before new gravelled from the Tower to Temple-bar, and railed in on each side, to the intent that the horses should not slide on the pavement, nor the people be hurt by the horses; within the rails near Gracechurch, stood a body of Anseatic merchants, and next to them the several corporations of the city, in their formalities, reaching to the alderman's station at The procession then advanced to the conduit in Cornthe upper end of Cheapside. On the opposite side were hill; where the graces sat enthroned, with a fountain placed the city constables dressed in silk and velvet, with before them, incessantly discharging wine; and understaffs in their hands to prevent the breaking in of the neath, a poet, who, described the qualities peculiar to mob, or any other disturbance. On this occasion, Grace-each of these amiable deities, and presented the queen church-street and Cornhill were hung with crimson and with their several gifts. scarlet cloth, and the sides of the houses of a place then called Goldsmiths-row, in Cheapside, were adorned with gold brocades, velvet, and rich tapestry. The procession began from the Tower with twelve of the French ambassador's domestics in blue velvet, the trappings of their horses being blue sarsuet, interspersed with white crosses; after whom marched those of the equestrian order, two and two, followed by judges in their robes, two and two; then came the knights of the Bath in violet gowns, purfled with menever. Next came the abbots, barons, bishops, earls, and marquises, in their robes, two and two. Then the lord chancellor, followed by the Venetian ambassador and the Archbishop of York: next the French ambassador and the Archbishop of Canterbury, followed by two gentlemen representing the dukes of Normandy and Aquitain; after whom rode the lord mayor of London with his mace, and Garter in his coat of arms; then the Duke of Suffolk, lord high stew. ard, followed by the deputy marshal of England, and all the other officers of state in their robes, carrying the symbols of their several offices: then others of the nobility in crimson velvet, and all the queen's officers in scarlet, followed by her chancellor uncovered, who immediately preceded his mistress. The cavalcade thence proceeded to a great conduit that stood opposite to Mercers-hall in Cheapside, and upon that occasion was painted with a variety of emblems, and during the solemnity and remaining part of the day, ran with different sorts of wine, for the entertainment of the populace. At the end of Wood-street, the standard there was finely embellished with royal portraitures and a number of flags on which were painted coats of arms and trophies, and above was a concert of vocal and instrumen tal music. At the upper end of Cheapside was the alderman's station, where the recorder addressed the queen in a very elegant oration, and in the name of the citizens, presented her with a thousand marks in a purse of gold tissue, which her majesty very gracefully received." At a small distance, by Cheapside conduit was a page ant, in which were seated Minerva, Juno, and Venus; before whom stood the god Mercury; who in their names, presented the queen a golden apple. At St. Paul's gate there was a fine pageant, in which sat three ladies, richly dressed, with each a chaplet on her head, and a tablet in her hand, containing Latin in scriptions. school, with verses in praise of the king and her majesty, with which she seemed highly delighted. The queen was dressed in silver brocade, with a mantle At the east of St. Paul's cathedral, the queen was en of the same furred with ermine; her hair was dishevel-tertained by some of the scholars belonging to St. Paul's led, and she wore a chaplet upon her head set with jewels of inestimable value. She sat in a litter covered with silver tissue, and carried by two beautiful pads clothed in white damask, and led by her footmen. Over the litter was carried a canopy of cloth of gold, with a silver bell at each corner, supported by sixteen knights alter-boys upon the leads over the gate. nately by four at a time. After her majesty came her chamberlain, followed by her master of horse, leading a beautiful pad, with a side saddle and trappings of silver tissue. Next came seven ladies in crimson velvet, faced with gold brocade, mounted on beautiful horses with gold trappings. Then followed two chariots covered with cloth of gold, in the first of which were the Dutchess of Norfolk and the Marchioness of Dorset, and in the second four ladies in crimson velvet; then followed seven ladies dressed in the same manner, on horseback, with magnificent trappings, followed by another chariot all in white, with six ladies in crimson velvet; this was followed by another all in red, with eight ladies in the same dress with the former: next came thirty gentlewomen, attendants to the ladies of honour; they were on horseback, dressed in silks and velvet, and the cavalcade was closed by the horse-guards Thence proceeding to Ludgate, which was finely decorated, her majesty was entertained with several songs adapted to the occasion, sung in concert by men and At the end of Shoe-lane, in Fleet-street, a handsome tower with four turrets was erected upon the conduit, in each of which stood one of the cardinal virtues, with their several symbols; who addressing themselves to the queen, promised they would never leave her, but be always her constant attendants. Within the tower was an excellent concert of music, and the conduit all the while ran with various sorts of wine. At Temple-bar she was again entertained with songs, sung in concert by a choir of men and boys; and having from thence proceeded to Westminster, she returned the lord mayor thanks for his good offices, and those of the citizens, that day. The day after, the lord mayor, alder men, and sheriffs, assisted at the coronation, which was performed with great splendour. Stow's Annals. Note. The same historian informs us, that Queen Ell zabeth passed in the like manner, through the city, to her coronation. money that is so spent is spent at home, and the king will receive again what he lays out on the pleasure of his people. Nor is it to be omitted, that if the cost be considered as expended by the public, much more will be saved than lost; for the excessive prices at which windows and tops of houses are now let, will be abated, not only greater numbers will be admitted to the show, but each will come at a cheaper rate. Some regulations are necessary, whatever track be chosen. The scaffold ought to be raised at least four feet, with rails high enough to support the standards, and yet so low as not to hinder the view. It would add much to the gratification of the people, if the horse-guards by which all our pro cessions have been of late encumbered, and rendered dangerous to the multitude, were to be left behind at the coronation; and if contrary to the desires of the people, the procession must pass in the old track, that the number of foot soldiers be diminished; since it cannot but offend every Englishman to see troops of soldiers placed be. tween him and his sovereign, as if they were the most honourable of the people, or the king required guards to secure his person from his subjects. As their station makes them think themselves important, their insolence is always such as may be expected from servile authority; and the impatience of the people, under such immediate oppression, always produces quarrels, tumults, and mischief. PREFACE TO THE ARTISTS' CATALOGUE, FOR 1762. THE public may justly require to be informed of the nature and extent of every design, for which the favour of the public is openly solicited. The artists, who were themselves the first projectors of an exhibition in this nation, and who have now contributed to the following catalogue, think it therefore necessary to explain their purpose, and justify their conduct. An exhibition of the works of art, being a spectacle new in this kingdom, has raised various opinions and conjectures among those who are unacquainted with the practice in foreign nations. Those who set out their performances to general view, have been too often considered as the rivals of each other, as men actuated, if not by avarice, at least by vanity, and contending for superiority of fame, though not for a pecuniary prize; it cannot be denied or doubted, that all who offer themselves to criticism are desirous of praise; this desire is not only innocent, but virtuous, while it is undebased by artifice, and unpolluted by envy; and of envy or artifice these men can never be accused, who, already enjoying all the honours and profits of their profession, are content to stand candidates for public notice, with genius yet unexperienced, and diligence yet unrewarded; who, without any hope of increasing their own reputation or interest, expose their names and their works only that they may furnish an opportunity of appearance to the young, the diffident, and the neglected. The purpose of this exhibition is not to enrich the artists, but to advance the art: the eminent are not flattered with preference, nor the obscure insulted with contempt; whoever hopes to de serve public favour, is here invited to display his merit. Of the price put upon this exhibition some account may be demanded. Whoever sets his work to be shown, naturally desires a multitude of spectators; but his desire defeats its own end, when spectators assemble in such numbers as to obstruct one another. Though we are far from wishing to diminish the pleasures, or depreciate the sentiments, of any class of the community, we know, however, what every one knows, that all cannot be judges or purchasers of works of art; yet we have already found by experience, that all are desirous to see an exhibition. When the terms of admission were low, our room was thronged with such multitudes as made access dangerous, and frightened away those whose approbation was most desired. Yet, because it is seldom believed that money is got but for the love of money, we shall tell the use which we intend to make of our expected profits. Many artists of great abilities are unable to sell their works for their due price; to remove this inconvenience, an annual sale will be appointed, to which every man may send his works, and send them if he will, without his name. These works will be reviewed by the committee that conduct the exhibition. A price will be secretly set on every piece, and registered by the secretary. If the piece exposed is sold for more, the whole price shall be the artist's; but if the purchasers value it at less than the committee, the artist shall be paid the deficiency from the profits of the exhibition. |
