ing Indian chief named Nicacatari, carried on the war with increased vigor and ferocity, and at the head of a numerous force threw themselves before the large fortified town of Sorrata, whither the Spaniards from the surrounding country, trusting to the strength of the place, had fled for safety. When Andres Tupac Amaru saw that with his Indians, armed only with knives, clubs, and slings, he had no chance against the powerful artillery of his foe, he caused the streams from the neighboring mountains to be conducted to the town, and surrounded it with water. The earthen fortifications were soon undermined, and when they gave way the place was taken by assault. With the exception of eighty-seven priests and monks, the whole of the besieged, twenty-two thousand in number, were cruelly slaughtered. From Sorrata the Indian army moved westwards, and was victorious in several actions with the Spanish troops. Gold, however, accomplished what the sword had failed to do. Seduced by bribes and promises, an Indian follower of Andres guided a party of Spanish soldiers to the council-house of the rebels. The chiefs were all taken and put to death. Deprived of its leaders, the Indian army broke up and dispersed. Innumerable executions followed, and the war was estimated to have cost from first to last nearly a hundred thousand lives. Its only beneficial result to the Indians was the abolition of repartimientos.

that he knew all their thoughts, and had the portrait of each of them in his heart. Then calling the Indians to him one by one, he lifted his upper garment, and allowed them to look in a mirror fastened upon his breast. The savages, astonished at the reflection of their faces, conceived a great veneration for Santos, and implicitly obeyed him. He at once led them to a general attack upon the priests, their property, and religion. By bold and sudden assaults, several Spanish fortified posts were taken, and the garrisons murdered. At the fort of Quimiri, the Indians put the muskets of the slain soldiers in a heap, set fire to them, and danced round the blazing pile. But the surprise of the place had been so well managed, that the Spaniards had had no time to fire even one volley, and their muskets were still loaded. Heated by the flames, they exploded, and spread destruction amongst the dancing savages. Churches and mission-houses were destroyed, villages burnt, plantations laid waste; the priests were tied to the images of saints, and thrown into the rivers. In a few weeks the missionary districts of middle Peru were utterly ravaged, and terror reigned in the land. The Spaniards feared a revolt with the Sierra Indians; strong measures were taken, forts built along the frontier, and the bravos driven back to their own territory. What became of Santos is not exactly known. Some affirm that he united several savage tribes in a confederacy, and ruled over them till his death. In the monastery of Oco- During the revolution that lost Peru to Spain, pa, Dr. Tschudi found an old manuscript, in which the Indians took part with the patriots, who dewas the following note:-"The monster and apos-luded them with promises of a monarchy, and of tate Juan Santos Atahualpa, after his diabolical placing a descendant of the Incas on the throne. destruction of our missions, suffered terribly from Not clearly understanding the causes of the war, the wrath of God. He met the fate of Herod, and the Indians frequently turned their arms against was eaten alive by worms." their own allies, and killed all white men who fell Although of short duration, the insurrection into their power. Many provinces were entirely headed by Santos was weighty in its consequences. deserted by the Creoles and Metises, in consequence It showed the Indians their strength, and was fol- of the furious animosity of the colored race. In lowed by repeated revolts, especially in Southern Jauja, the Indians swore they would not leave so Peru. For want of an able leader they all proved much as a white dog or fowl alive, and they even fruitless, until Tupac Amaru, cacique of Tungasu- scratched the white paint from the walls of the ca, put himself at the head of a matured and well-houses. When General Valdos and his cavalry organized revolution. A valid pretext for this was crossed the river of Jauja and attacked the Indians, afforded by the corregidor of Tinta, Don Antonio the latter scorned to save themselves by flight, but Ariaga, who in one year, 1780, made repartimien- threw themselves upon the lances with cries of tos to the amount of three hundred and forty thou-" Mata me, Godo!* Kill me!". Two thousand sand dollars, and exacted the money for the useless remained upon the field, the Spaniards not ceasing wares with cruel severity. Tupac Amaru assem- to kill till their arms were too tired to strike. bled the Indians, seized the corregidor, and hung Dr. Tschudi inclines to believe that sooner or him. This was the signal for a general uprising later the Indians will throw off the yoke of the ef in the whole of southern Peru, and a bloody war feminate and cowardly Creoles, and establish a ensued. In April, 1781, Tupac Amaru, his wife, government of their own. Whether such a govand several of the rebel chiefs, were made prison- ernment will be able or allowed to maintain itself, ers by a detachment of Spanish cavalry. They it is difficult to say; although, as the doctor obwere tried at Cuzco, found guilty, and condemned serves, why should it not, at least, as well as a neto death. The unfortunate cacique was compelled gro republic in an Archipelago peopled by the most to witness the execution of his wife, two sons, his civilized nations of Europe? Since the separation brother-in-law, Antonio Bastidas, and of other re- of Peru from Spain, the Indians have made great lations and friends. He then had his tongue cut progress in many respects; they have been admitout, and was torn by four horses. His body was ted into the army, have become familiar with fireburned, his head and limbs were stuck upon poles arms and military manoeuvres, and have learned the in different towns of the disturbed districts. In manufacture of gunpowder, materials for which Huancayo, Dr. Tschudi met with an old creole, their mountains abundantly afford. Their hatred who, when a lad of sixteen, had witnessed the bar- of the whites is bitter as ever, their feeling of nabarous execution of the cacique of Tangasuca. tionality very strong-their attachment to the memHe described him as a tall handsome man, with a ory of their Incas, and to their old form of governquick piercing eye, and serious resolute counte-ment, undiminished. In spite of long oppression, nance. He beheld the death of his family with they still possess pride and self-reliance. Besides great emotion, but submitted without a murmur to his own horrible fate. He was not long unavenged.

*Godo, goth, the nickname given by Peruvian Indians

His brother, his remaining son Andres, and a dar- to the Spaniards.

the government forced upon them by the Creoles, they preserve and obey their old laws. Let a leader like Tupac Amaru appear amongst them, and there is every probability of an Indian revolution, very different in its results to any that has yet oc

curred.

in most parts of Peru. Wherever he went, Dr. Tschudi heard stories of this creature, and met persons who asserted that they had seen it. It is reported to be of the size of a fox, with long black hair, and only to appear at night, when it glides slowly through the bushes or amongst the rocks. When pursued, a valve or trap-door opens in its forehead, and an extraordinarily brilliant objectbelieved by the natives to be a precious stone-becomes visible, dispelling the darkness and dazzling the pursuer. Then the forehead closes, and the creature disappears. According to other accounts, it emerges from its lurking place with carbuncle displayed, and only conceals it when attacked. This strange superstition is not of Spanish origin, but of older date than Pizarro's invasion. Of course it has never been possible to catch or kill a specimen of this remarkable species, although the Spaniards have used every effort to get hold of such a creature; and in the viceroy's instructions to the missionaries, the carbunculo was set down in the very first rank of desiderata. Dr. Tschudi vainly endeavored to discover, with some degree of certainty, what animal had served as a pretext for the fable.

Most Robinson Crusoe-like in its interest is the long chapter wherein Dr. Tschudi details his forest adventures, and we regret that we must be very summary in our notice of it. With extraordinary courage and perseverance the doctor and a German friend made their way to the heart of the backwoods, built themselves a log-hut, and, despising the numerous dangers by which they were environed, abode there for months, collecting zoological specimens. Of the perils that beset therm, Dr. Tschudi's unvarnished narrative of the daily sights and nocturnal sounds that assailed their startled senses in those wild regions, gives a lively idea. Indian cannibals, ferocious beasts, reptiles whose bite is instant death, venomous insects, and even vampires, compose the pleasant population of this district, into which these stout-hearted Europeans fearlessly ventured. Of the beasts of prey the ounce is the most dangerous; and so fierce and numerous has its breed become in certain districts of Peru, as to After a four years' residence in Peru, and when compel the Indians to abandon their villages. We preparing for a journey that was to include an are told of one hamlet, in the ravine of Mayunmar-investigation of all the provinces, and to last for ca, that has been desolate for a century past on this several years, Dr. Tschudi was seized in the Coraccount. The ounces used annually to decimate its dilleras with a nervous fever, which brought him to inhabitants. More perilous even than these ani- the brink of the grave. Upon his recovery, he mals, to the wanderer in the forest, are the innu- found that long repose, both of mind and body, was merable serpents that lurk beneath the accumula- essential to the complete restoration of his health. tion of dead leaves bestrewing the ground. The Such repose he could not be certain of granting most deadly is a small viper about ten inches long, himself if he remained in Peru, and he therefore the only species of the viper family as yet discov-resolved to seek it upon the ocean. He took ship, ered in South America. The virulence of its venom kills the strongest man in the space of two or three minutes. The Indians, when bitten by it, do not dream of seeking an antidote, but at once lie down to die. Bats are exceedingly plentiful, and very large, some measuring nearly two feet across the extended wings. The bloodsucker or vampire (phyllostoma) finds its way in search of food into stables and houses. The smooth-haired IMMENSE NATURAL BEEHIVE.-In a cavern, on domestic animals are especially liable to its attacks. With wings half open it places itself upon their the right bank of the Colorado, about seven miles backs, and rubs with its snout till the small sharp from Austin, Texas, there is an immense hive of teeth break the outer skin. Then it draws in its wild bees. On a warm day a dark stream of bees wings, stretches itself out, and sucks the blood, may be seen constantly winding out from the cavern The stream making the while a gentle movement with its body, like a long dark wreath of smoke. not unlike the undulations of a busy leech. The often appears one or two feet in diameter near the fanning motion of the wings described by some cliff, and gradually spreads out like a fan, growing writers was never observed by Dr. Tschudi. Al- thinner and thinner at a distance from the cavern though these vampires only imbibe a few ounces until it disappears. The number of bees in that of blood, the subsequent hæmorrhage is very great, cavern must be incalculably great, probably greater and full-grown mules sometimes die of the exhaus-than the number in a thousand or ten thousand ortion caused by their repeated attacks. One of the doctor's beasts was only saved from such a fate by being rubbed every five or six days with turpentine and other strong-smelling drugs, which kept off the vampires. It has often been disputed whether these disgusting animals attack human beings. Our traveller deposes to their doing so, and cites an instance witnessed by himself. A bat (Ph. erythromos, Tsch.) fixed upon the nose of an Indian who lay drunk in the court of a plantation, and sucked his blood till it was unable to fly away. Violent inflammation and swelling of the Indian's head were the consequences of the trifling wound inflicted.

and reached Europe at the commencement of 1843, after an absence of five years. He greatly regrets not having visited every part of Peru, especially the historical city of Cuzco, and the forests of Urubamba. But his harvest of knowledge has been so rich and abundant, that he should not, we think, begrudge the remnant of the crop to the gleaners who may come after him.

dinary hives. The oldest settlers say the hive was there when they first arrived in the country, and it is quite probable that it existed in the same state many years previous to the settlement of this country. It is estimated that there are many tons of honey and wax in this immense hive; and if its contents could be extracted readily, they would doubtless be found more valuable than the contents of any silver or gold mines that adventurers have been seeking for years in that section.

CHINESE PROFESSORSHIP IN KING'S COLLEGE.— The East India Company have just awarded the sum of 2107. for the purpose of the endowment of a Chinese Professorship in King's College, towards which, up to Thursday last, 2,1697. 11s. had been subscribed.

dexterous jerk, which could only have been obtained by long practice. The liquid did not take fire, although it appeared considerably diminished, probably absorbed by the intense heat.

Another half hour elapsed, while I puffed my cigar with all the energy my lungs would permit. The stranger ordered glass after glass of" stiff and hot," while I mechanically followed his example. My friends tell me I get prosy when elevated; my readers may think I am so now. I had gazed so long in the face of the stranger that I wondered how it would look from the other side of the room. I tried the experiment without satisfying myself either one way or other. The church-yard caught my eye, and I again ventured an observation. "Bad taste to stick those grave-yards always in the centre of a town," said Ï.

said I.

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"Those who

In which way?"

"Very inconvenient," said he. did so were no friends to science." The remark puzzled me. Why, you see," said he, "a subject can't be got without running great risk. The Scotch are so nasty particular on that score."

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"On the subject of science?" said I: "I thought they liked to dabble a little in all, from metaphysics to mesmerism."

the necessary arrangements, and even succeeded in disinterring the body, but, unable to convey it to town that night, left it in a heap of manure in a field by the road side, with the intention of removing it early next morning.

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'Everything had succeeded as they could wish, and a gig was hired from mine host of the —, in the ancient burgh of L, to convey the prize to town. In removing it, however, a herd boy, who had been snoozing away his time at the back of a dyke, was witness to the transaction, and immediately ran and informed his master, who, mounting his pony, set off in pursuit. W and T, seeing they were pursued, and rightly judging that the only chance was to outstrip the pursuer in speed, drove with fury. Still the farmer gained upon them. If they could only get through the burgh which lay in their way without discovery, all would be well. If he overtook them before they accomplished this, life was in jeopardy. The souters of L-were no hands to trifle with; as they had lately shown in the case of their gravedigger, another friend to anatomical pursuits in the first stage, viz., the procuring the subject. The danger was imminent; and T-, seeing the farmer making upon them every moment, had no disposition to try such an ordeal. He would not "As to dabbling in the sciences, they like them go on, but entreated W to stop, relinquish the well enough in the abstract: but they have not ar- body, and cut for it. His friend, however, was in rived at that acme of liberality which prompts them no such humor: having brought it thus far, it was to give a subject now and then to the dissecting-like snatching the bite from his mouth to relinquish room." it. The other remonstrated, but without effect, "I don't wonder at that," said I; "such a course and finding nothing else would do, left the gig and outrages one of the finest feelings of our nature-made off across the fields. Unfortunate stoppage. respect for the dead." Still the farmer spurred, and was soon neck and neck with the gig and its remaining occupant, and thus they entered the burgh. The only chance now was that the farmer's cries would be drowned in the noise, or that the gig would precede the alarm, and thereby escape. Speed must do it. Seeing the idlers in the street, the farmer bawled out in a thick burr, 'Corpse, corpse!' In a moI assented to the opinion of ages by a nod of the ment all was commotion, every window was openhead. "It can't be remedied now," said I. ed, every head was thrust out. Great black-beard"And though it could," said the stranger, "ifed fellows, with the implements of their trade in the fortieth cousin of Cæsar were a Scotsman, that man would object to it. Shameful, sir!" and again the nose of the stranger gleamed like a fiery meteor in the tumbler.

"Stuff! stuff!" said he; "such feelings are a remnant of barbarism, or something worse. How much better if Imperial Cæsar, dead and turned to clay,' instead of stopping holes to keep the wind away, had given his carcass to the schools. What a splendid action that would have been! Cæsar was a great man, sir!"

"And yet there is no lack of subjects for the schools, in spite of Cæsar's forgetfulness," said I. "Aye, but the risk that is run," said he. "No later than yesterday two gentlemen, or at least one of them, was nearly made a subject of himself in his endeavors to benefit posterity."

Something to interest me now, thought I, as I settled in my chair. "How was that, sir?" I inquired. He began

their hands, rushed from every doorway. Old women, at other times unable to move, stoited out to swell the uproar with their cries. The inhabitants, one and all, were on the street in less time than I have taken to tell it. Still the gig careered onwards, the horse covered with foam. Still the farmer lashed his shelty, and this might have continued till the burgh was cleared, had not a carrier, who was packing his cart in the street, thrown a block which he held in his hand, with the view of stopping the gig; instead of going under the wheel as intended, it got between the spokes, and striking the shaft, wheel and block flew into the air in a thousand pieces, and down fell man, horse, and gig in the street.

"Whar's the corpse?' shrieked out a plurality of voices.

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"I have none,' cried W ; 'you are mad, why do you stop me thus?'

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Corpse, corpse!' shouted the farmer, who was buried in the crowd, shelty and all.

"It was rumored in Edinburgh that a case of more than usual interest had been interred in the church-yard of some miles from this. Something handsome was offered for the purpose of securing it; but men who had never been known to stickle before, fought rather shy of this. From the state of feeling lately evinced in two or three affairs of the same kind, the attempt was a very hazardous one. Dr. offered still more handsomely, "All this was spoken in a breath. In another as he was anxious to procure the subject in ques- instant, the contents of the gig were strewed in the tion to illustrate a course of lectures he was then | air, and the sack containing the subject was dragged delivering. With such warm offers the difficulties on the street. This was damning evidence. A melted like wax, and T and W- two gen- universal groan was emitted, and for some minutes tlemen well known for their friendly disposition to not a word was spoken. The stillness was broker science when anything was to be got by it, made only by the sound of the blows which fell thick and

those grave-robbers, and my silence and satisfaction during the stranger's tale proceeded entirely from the conviction which had taken hold of my mind, that the stranger would end his story by assuring me that the mob had torn the fellow in pieces. No such fate had awaited him, however, notwithstanding my good wishes; and I was just about to vent an execration at my disappointment, when he said,— "Lucky escape, was n't it, and not so great a loss after all; I have made half-a-dozen greatcoats by the job, although little of the needful."

"You! you!" I gasped or rather shrieked, while my tongue cleaved to the roof of my mouth. "I shall drag you before the nearest magistrate to answer this. I

In rising to lay hold on him, however, either the six tumblers I had swallowed, or the hearth rug was the cause, I slipped a foot, and fell heavily on the fender.

three-fold on the devoted carcass of the resurrec- this narration, would be useless. If I had ever tionist-he was up in an instant. A hundred entertained a hatred of any class of men, it was of hands were at his throat; a hundred fists were beating like sledge-hammers at his ribs. His cloak, his coat, his vest, and even his shirt, were torn to shreds by the infuriated multitude. He always contrived to rise the moment he was knocked down, about thirty times to the minute : had he lain on the ground one instant he would have been trampled to death. While this unequal war was going on, others were employed in wreaking vengeance on the gig. They made chips of it in a few moments, and would have sacrificed the horse as well, but for the interference of the farmer. He could do anything with the mob for the time. Never was man so applauded. "The noise of the riot having reached the town hall where the magistrates were assembled that morning, in furtherance of some burgh business, they hastened to interfere, impressed with a notion of the illegality of the proceedings and the likelihood of a long bill of damages against the burgh, which already had more debts than they were well When I awoke next morning I was in bed, my able to liquidate. The provost, in virtue of his tongue dry and parched, and an insufferable nausea office, was foremost, and had his silver spectacles pervading my whole frame. I managed to rise and smashed to atoms in his endeavors. The town staggered rather than walked to the ewer to get a drummer was served with a similar reverence; till draught of water, when passing the dressing-glass the remonstrances of the magistrates prevailing, our a stained bandage on my head caught my eye, and, friend of the gig race was taken under their pro- | although but half awake, the events of the previous tection, and escorted to the Tolbooth: the mob evening rushed like a flood across my memory. It followed to the door, and the moment it closed, is not too late yet, thought I; he can't be gone; swore and stamped like madmen, and vowed they I'll secure him; and, bawling loudly for Martha, I would drag him out, in spite of nail and plank. found the door had been locked on the outside. The provost addressed them from the steps, and induced the more peaceable to go home; the more riotous waiting and uttering threats, and keeping the Tolbooth in a state of siege till supper-time, when they dropt off one by one.

"By this time the magistrates had begun to feel some alarm of the probable consequences of the riot, damages, &c. Some wiseacre among them having urged the necessity of getting quit of W, and in all likelihood nothing more would be heard of the matter; it was thought the best course to pursue. Another incentive to this course lay in the fact, that a number of the townspeople had bound themselves together to force the Tolbooth door during the night, and have their will of him.

"With this view, then, did the magistrates visit the prison in a body; and for the better security of W- from the fangs of the mob, he was transferred by a back way through the church-yard to a cellar belonging to the provost, that he might be conveyed away the succeeding evening by the mail, which, being Sunday, the magistrates rightly judged could be effected with more secrecy and silence as the streets would then be empty. In the cellar, then, did W- lie all that day, and the evening again brought the worthy council, each with a greatcoat or some other article of clothing, as a donation or peace-offering, and by six o'clock the mail had received its destined passenger."

To attempt an analysis of my feelings during

"Is he gone?" I continued to shout, is he away?"

"Wha is 't ye mean?" cried Martha, through the key-hole.

"The man who came by the mail last night,” I cried. " Open the door-why am I locked in? who dared to lock me up in this manner?"

"It was the man, and my mistress has the key," shouted Martha.

In due time the landlady joined Martha, making our duet a trio, and telling me "tae gang awa back to my bed; that I wasna weel able to rise yet; just tae tak another bit sleep, and I would be a' right."

"Is the man away?" shouted I, scorning all advice. "Detain him-he 's a resurrectionist: detain him till I get out," and I vainly attempted to force the door.

"Awa! Lord bless ye, sir, he's awa by the sax o'clock mail, and left you his best respects and kind wishes, and said he forgied you for a' the ill names ye ca'ed him last night when he was putting ye till yer bed.”

"The villain," muttered I.

"And better nor that," chimed in Martha, "he gied me half-a-crown tae mysel', and said ye wou'd pay a' the toddy that was drank last night."

"Doubly sold," groaned I, and assenting to the entreaties which the landlady and Martha forwarded through the key-hole, I crawled back to bed.