Article I. There fhall be a Chriftian, universal, and perpetual peace, as well by fea as by land, and a fincere and conftant friendship fhall be reettablished between their Britannick and Moft Chriftian Majesties, and between their heirs and fucceffors, kingdoms, dominions, provinces, countries, fubjects, and vaffals, of what quality or condition foever they be, without exception either of places or perfons; fo that the high contracting parties fhall give the greatest attention to the maintaining between themfelves, and their dominions and fubjects, this reciprocal friendship and intercourfe, without permitting bertatter, on either part, any kind of hoftilities to be committed, either by iea or by land, for any caufe, or under any pretence whatfoever: and they fhall carefully avoid, for the future, every thing which might prejudice the union happily re-established, endeavouring, on the contrary, to procure reciprocally for each other, on every occalion, whatever may contribute to their mutual glory, interefts, and advantage, without giving any affittance or protection, directly or indirectly, to thofe who would do any injury to either of the high contracting parties. There thall be a general oblivion and amnesty of every thing which may have been done or committed, befo e or face the commencement of the war which is jult ended. II The Treaties of Weftphalia of 1648; the Treaties of Peace of Niraeguen of 1678, and 1679; of Ryfwick of 1697; thofe of peace and of commerce of Utrecht of 1713; that of Baden of 1714; that of the Triple Alliance of the Hague of 1717; that of the Quadruple Alliance of London of 1718; the Treaty of Peace of Vienna of 1738; the Definitive Treaty of Aix13-Chapelle of 1748; and that of Paris of 1703, ferve as a bahis and foundation to the peace, and to the prefent treaty; and for this purpofe they are all renewed and counrmed in the bit form, as well as all the treaties in general which fubfifted between the high contracting parties before the war, as if they were hersin inferted word for word; fo that they are to be exactly obferved for the future in their full tenor, and religioully executed by both parties, in all the points which fhall not be derogated from by the prefent Treaty of Peace. 111. All the prifoners taken on either fide, as well by land as by fea, and the hoitages carried away or given during the war, and to this day, fhall be restored, without ranfom, in fix weeks at lateft, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the prefent treaty; each crown respectively difcharging the advances which thall have been made, for the fubfittance and maintenance of their prifoners, by the Severeign of the country where they shall have been detained, according to the receipts and attefted accounts, and other authentick vouchers, which shall be furnished on each fide: and furerics thall be reciprocally given for the payment of the debts which the prifoners may have contracted in the countries where they may have been detained until their entire releafe. And all thips, as well men of war as merchant ship, which have been taken face the expiration of the tenns agreed upon for the cation of hostilitics by fea, thall likewife be rotored bona fide, with all their crews and cargoes. And the executions this article fhall be proceeded upon immediy after the exchange of the ratincations of th treaty. IV. His Majesty the King of Great-Britanis maintained in his right to the island of Newfoundland, and to the adjacent iflands, as the whole were affured to him by the thirteenth cle of the Treaty of Utrecht; excepting t idlands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which a ceded in full right by the prefent treaty to ha Moit Chriftian Majeity. V. His Maje.y the Moft Christian King, a order to prevent the quarrels which have hithers ariien between the two nations of England and France, confents to renounce the right of which belongs to him in virtue of the afarmad article of the Treaty of Utrecht, from Capt Bonavista to Cape St. John, fituated on t Eaftern coaft of Newfoundland, in nity degreca North latitude; and his Majesty the King vi Great-Britain confents, on his part, that the thery aligned to the fubjects of his Moft Chr ftian Majesty, beginning at the faid Cape St. John, paling to the North, and defcending by the Weitern coast of the idland of Newfoundland, had extend to the place called Cape Raye, fituated in forty-feven degrees, nifty minutes latitude. The French fithermen thall enjoy the fishery which a aligned to them by the prefent article, as they had the right to enjoy that which was affigned to them by the Treaty of Utrecht. VI With regard to the fishery in the Gulf of Sr. Laurence, the French fhall continue to exercife it, conformably to the fifth article of the Treaty of Paris. VII. The King of Great-Britain reftores to France the island of St. Lucia, in the condition it was in when conquered by the British arms a and his Britannick Majefty cedes and guaranties to his Mott Chriftian Majefty the land of Tobsgo. The Protestant inhabitants of the faid ifland, as well as thofe of the fame religion who thail have fettled at St. Lucia, whilft that ifland was occu pied by the Britif arms, thall not be molefted in the exercite of their worthip; and the British inhabitants, or others, who may have been subjects of the King of Great-Britain in the aforefaid iflands, thall retain their poffeffions upon the fame titles and conditions by which they have acquired them; or elfe they may retire in tull fecurity and liberty, where they shall thisk fit, and thall have the power of felling their estates, provided it be to fubjects of his Moft Chriftian Majefty, and of removing their effects, as well as their perfons, without being restrained in their emigrations, under any pretence whatfoever, except on account of debts, or of criminal profecutions The term limited for this emigration is fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the prefent treaty. And for the better fecuring the poßeffions of the inhabitants of the aforefaid ifland of Tobago, the Moft Chiitian King fhall iffue Letters Patent, containing an abolition of the Droit d'Aubaine in the laid iland. VIII. The Mt Chriftian King reflores to Great-Britain the lands of Grenada and the S.. Vincent's, Dominica, St. Chiitopher's, ftopher's, Nevis, and Montferrat; and the fortreffes of these islands fhall be delivered up in the condition they were in when the conqueft of them was made. The fame ftipulations inferted in the preceding article fhall take place in favour of the French fubjects, with refpect to the islands enumerated in the prefent article. IX. The King of Great-Britain cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Moft Chriftian Majeity the river Senegal, and its dependencies, with the forts of St. Louis, Podor, Galam, Arguin, and Portendic; and his Britannic Majefty restores to Fiance the island of Goree, which Thall be delivered up in the condition it was in when the conqueft of it was made. X. The Mott Chriftian King, on his part, guaranties to the King of Great-Britain the pofLeifion of Fort James, and of the river Gambia. XI. For preventing all difcuflion in that part of the world, the two high contracting partics 1hall, within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the prefent treaty, name commiffaries, who shall be charged with the fettling and fixing of the boundaries of the refpective poffeflions. As to the gum trade, the English ihall have the liberty of carrying it on from the mouth of the river St. John, to the Bay and Fort of Portendic inclufively. Provided that they fhall not form any permanent fettlement, of what nature foever, in the faid river St. John, upon the coast, or in the bay of Portendic. XII. As to the refidue of the coast of Africa, the English and French fubjects fhall continue to refort thereto, according to the ufage which has hitherto prevailed. XIII. The King of Great-Britain restores to his Moft Chriftian Majefty all the fettlements which belonged to him at the beginning of the prefent war, upon the coat of Orixa, and in Bengal, with liberty to furround Chandernagore with a ditch for carrying off the waters: and his Britannic Majelty engages to take fuch meafures as thall be in his power, for fecúring to the fubjects of France in that part of India, as well as on the coafts of Orixa, Coromandel and Malabar, a fafe, free, and independent trade, fuch as was carried on by the French Eat-India Company, whether they exercife it individually, or united in a company. XIV. Pondicherry fhall be in like manner delivered up and guarantied to France, as alfo Karikal; and his Britannick Majefty fhall procure, for an additional dependency to Pondicherry, the two diftricts of Valanour and Bahour; and to Karikal, the four Magans bordering thereupon. XV. France fhall re-enter into the poffeffion of Mahe, as well as of its factory at Surat; and the French thall carry on their trade in this part of India, comformably to the principles citablithed in the thirteenth article of this treaty. XVI. Orders having been fent to India by the high contracting parties, in purfuance of the fixteenth article of the Preliminaries, it is further agreed, that if, within the term of four months, the refpective allies of their Britannick and Moft Christian Majetties fhall not have acceded to the prefent pacification, or concluded a feparate accommodation, their faid Majellies fhall not give them any aufiftance, directly or indirectly, againt the British or French polesions, or agant the ancient poffeffions of their respective allies, fuch as they were in the year 1776. XVII. The King of Great-Britain being defirous to give to his Moft Chriftian Majesty a fincere proof of reconciliation and friendship, and to contribute to render folid the peace reeftablished between their faid Majefties, confents to the abrogation and fuppreffion of all the articles relative to Dunkirk, from the Treaty of Peace concluded at Utrecht in 1713, inclufive, to this day. XVIII. Immediately after the exchange of the ratifications, the two high contracting parties fhall name commiffaries to treat concerning new arrangements of commerce between the two nations, on the bafis of reciprocity and mutual convenience; which arrangements fhall be fettled and concluded within the space of two years, to be computed from the first of January, in the year 1784. XIX. All the countries and territories which may have been, or which may be conquered in any part of the world whatioever, by the arms of his Britannick Majefty, as well as by thofe of his Moit Chriftian Majefty, which are not included in the prefent treaty, neither under the head of ceflions, nor under the head of reftitutions, thall be reftored without difficulty, and without requiring any compenfation. XX. As it is neceffary to appoint a certain period for the reftitutions and evacuations to be made by each of the high contracting parties, it is agreed that the King of Great-Britain fhall caule to be evacuated the lands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, three months after the ratincation of the prefent treaty, or fooner, if it can be done; St. Lucia (one of the Caribbee iflands) and Goree in Africa, three months after the ratification of the prefent treaty, or fooner, it it can be done. The King of Great-Britain thall, in like manner, at the end of three months after the ratification of the prefent treaty, or fooner, if it can be done, enter again into the polletion of the islands of Grenada and the Grenadines, St. Vincent's, Dominica, St. Chriftopher's, Nevis, and Montferrat. France fhall be put in poffeffion of the towns and factories which are reftored to her in the Eaft-Indies, and of the territories which are procured for her, to ferve as additional dependencies to Pondicherry, and to Karikal, fix months after the ratification of the prefent treaty, or fooner if it can be done. France fhall deliver up, at the end of the like term of fix months, the towns and territories which her arms may have taken from the Englith, or their allies, in the Eaft-Indies. In confequence whereof, the neceffary orders fhall be fent by each of the high contracting parties, with reciprocal paffports for the fhips which fhall carry them, immediately after the ratification of the prefent treaty. XXI. The decifion of the prizes and feizures made prior to the hoftilities thall be referred to the refpective courts of justice; fo that the legality of the faid prizes and feizures fhall be decided, according to the law of nations, and to treaties, in the courts of juftice of the nation which fhall have made the captures, or ordered the feitures. XXII. For preventing the revival of the lawfuits which have been ended in the iflands con quered by either of the high contracting parties, XXIII. Their Britannick and Moft Chriftian Ma eities promile to oblerve fincerely, and bona fide, all the articles contained and established in the present treaty; and they will not fuffer the fame to be infringed, directly or indirectly, by their refpective fubjects; and the faid high contracting parties guaranty to each other, generally and reciprocally, all the ftipulations of the prefent t eaty. XXIV. The folemn ratifications of the prefent treaty, prepared in good and due form, fhall be exchanged in this city of Verfailles, between the high contracting parties, in the space of a month, or fooner if pollible, to be computed from the day of the fignature of the prefent treaty. In witness whereof, we, the underwritten amballadors extraordinary, and minifters plenipotentiary, have figned with our hands, in their names, and in virtue of our refpective full powers, the prefent Definitive Treaty, and have caufed the feals of our arms to be affixed thereto. Done at Versailles, the third day of September, One Thousand Seven Hundred, and Eighty-three. (L. S.) SEPARATE ARTICLES. Article I. SOME of the titles made ufe of by the contracting parties, whether in the full powers and other inttruments, during the courfe of the negociation, or in the preamble of the prefent treaty, not being generally acknowledged, it has been agreed that no prejudice thould ever refult therefrom to either of the faid contracting parties; and that the titles taken or omitted, on either fide, upon occafion of the faid negociation, and of the prefeut treaty, fhall not be cited, or quoted as a precedent. II. It has been agreed and determined, that the French language, made ute of in all the copies of the prefent treaty, thall not form an example which may be alledged, or quoted as a precedent, or, in any manner, prejudice either of the contracting powers; and that they thall conform, for the future, to what has been obferved, and ought to be obferved, with regard to, and on the part of who are in the practice and pofpowers, feflion of giving and receiving copies of like treatics in a different language from the French; the prefent treaty having, nevertheless, the fame force and virtue as if the aforefaid practice had been therein obferved. In witnefs whereof, we, the under-written anbaifadours extraordinary, and minifters pleuipotentiary, of their Britannick and Moit Chriftian Majesties, have figned the prefent feparate article, and have caused the feals of our arms to be aifixed thereto. Done at Versailles, the third of September, (L. S.) DECLARATION. THE King having entirely agreed with Mot Chriftian Majesty upon the articles of the Definitive Treaty, will feek every means which fhall not only enfure the execution thereof, wh his accustomed good faith and punctuality, but will befides give, on his part, ali poffible efficacy to the principles, which shall prevent even the least foundation of difpute for the future. To this end, and in order that the fishermen quarrels, his Britannick Majefty will take the of the two nations may not give caufe for daily moit pofitive meafures for preventing his fubjects petition, the fishery of the French, during the from interrupting, in any manner, by their comtemporary exercife of it which is granted to them upon the coafts of the island of Newfoundland; and he will, for this purpofe, cause the fixed fet tlements, which fhall be formed there, to be removed. His Britannick Majefty will give orders, cutting the wood neceflary for the repair of their that the French tahermen be not incommodel, in fcaffolds, huts, and fishing vefels. The thirteenth article of the Treaty of Utrecht, and the method of carrying on the inhery which plan upon which the fishery thall be carried on has at all times been acknowledged, fhall be the there; fhall not be deviated from by either party; the French fishermen building only their caffolds, confining themselves to the repair of their fishing veffels, and not wintering there; the fubjects of his Britannick Majesty, on their part, not molefting, in any manner, the French fiberfcaffolds during their abfence. men, during their fifhing, nor injuring their The King of Great-Britain, in ceding the regards them as ceded for the purpose of serving iflands of St. Pierre and Miquelon to France, as a real shelter to the French tifhermen, and in full confidence that thefe poffeffions will not become an object of jealoufy between the two naitlands, and that of Newfoundland, fhall be litions; and that the fishery between the faid mited to the middle of the channel. With regard to India, Great-Britain having granted to France every thing that can afcertain and confirm the trade which the latter requires dence on the repeated allurances of the court to carry on there, his Majetty relies with contChandernagore with a ditch for carrying off the of Verfailles, that the power of furrounding waters thall not be exercifed in fuch a manner, as to make it become an object of umbrage. The new ftate in which commerce may perhaps be found, in all parts of the world, will ing treaties; but an entire abrogation of those demand revifions and explanations of the fubfifttreaties, in whatever period it might be, would throw commerce into fuch confufion as would be, of infinite prejudice to it. In fome of the treaties of this fort there are not only articles which relate merely to commerce, but many others which ensure reciprocalities, to the respective fubjects, for conductadvantages, which are not, and which ought not ing their affairs, perfonal protections, and other to be of a changeable nature, fuch as the regulations relating merely to the value of goods and merchandize, variable from clicumitances of every kind. When When, therefore, the ftate of the trade between the two nation: fhall be treated upon, it is requifite to be understood, that the alterations which may be made in the fubfifting treaties are to extend only to arrangements merely commercial; and that the privileges and advantages, mutual and particular, be not only preferved on each fide, but even augmented, if it can be done. In this view, his Majesty has confented to the appointment of commiffaries on each fide, who hall treat folely upon this object. In witnefs whereof, we, his Britannick Majefty's ambaffadour extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, being thereto duely authorited, have figned the prefent declaration, and caufed the feal of our arms to be fet thereto. Given at Verfailles the third of September, COUNTER-DECLARATION. THE principles which have guided the King, in the whole courfe of the negociation which preceded the re-establishment of peace, muit have convinced the King of Great-Britain, that his Majefty has had no other defign than to render it fold and lafting, by preventing, as much as poffible, in the tour quarters of the world, every fubject of difcuffion and quarrel. The King of Great-Britain undoubtedly places too much confidence in the uprightnefs of his Majesty's intentions, not to rely upon his conftant attention to prevent the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon from becoming an object of jealoufy between the two nations. As to the fishery on the coafts of Newfoundland, which has been the object of the new arrangements fettled by the two fovereigns upon this matter, it is fufficiently afcertained by the fitth article of the Treaty of Peace, figned this day, and by the declaration, likewife delivered to-day, by his Britannick Majefty's ambafiadour extraordinary and plenipotentiary; and his Majelty declares, that he is fully fatished on this head. In regard to the fishery between the island of Newfoundland, and thofe of St. Pierre and Miquelon, it is not to be carried on by either party, but to the middle of the channel; and his Majefty will give the moft pofitive orders, that the French fishermen fhall not go beyond this line. His Majeity is firmly perfuaded that the King of Great-Britain will give like orders to the Enghth fishermen. The King's defire to maintain the peace comprehends India as well as the other parts of the -world; his Britannick Majefty may therefore be affured, that his Majefty will never permit that an object fo inoffenfive, and fo harmlefs, as the ditch with which Chandernagore is to be furrounded should give any umbrage to the court of London. The King, in propofing new arrangements of commerce, had no other defign than to remedy, by the rules of reciprocity and mutual convenience, whatever may be defective in the treaty of commerce figned at Utrecht, in One Thouland Seven Hundred and Thirteen. The King of Great-Britain may judge from thence, that his Majesty's intention is not in any wife to cancel all the ftipulations in the above-mentioned treaty; he declares, on the contrary, from henceforth, that he is difpofed to maintain all the privileges, facilities, and advantages expreffed in that treaty, as far as they fhall be reciprocal, or compenfated by equivalent advantages. It is to attain this end, defired on each tide, that commiffaries are to be appointed to treat upon the ftate of the trade between the two nations, and that a confiderable space of time is to be allowed for completing their work. His Majelty hopes that this object will be purfued with the fame good faith, and the fame fpirit of conciliation, which prefided over the difcuffion of all the other points comprized in the Definitive Treaty; and his faid Majesty is firmly perfuaded, that the refpective commiffaries will employ the utmoft diligence for the completion of this important work. In witnets whereof, we, the underwritten minifter plenipotentiary of his Mott Christian Majefty, being thereto duely authorised, have figned the prefent Counter-Declaration, and have cauled the feal of our arms to be affixed thereto. Given at Versailles the 3d of September, 1783. (L. S.) GRAVIER DE VERGENNES. WE, Ambafadour Plenipotentiary of his Inperial and Royal Apoftolick Majesty, having acted as mediator in the work of pacification, declare that the treaty of peace figned this day at Verfailles, between his Britannick Majefty and his Moft Chriftian Majefty, with the two feparate articles thereto annexed, and of which they form a part, as alfo with all the claufes, conditions, and ftipulations which are therein contained, was concluded by the mediation of his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majerty. In witnefs whereof, we have figned thefe prefents with our hand, and have caufed the feat of our arms to be affixed thereto. Done at Verfailles, this third of September, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eightythree. (L. S.) LE COMTE DE MERCY ARGENTEAU. WE, Minifters Plenipotentiary of her Imperial Majelty of All the Ruffias, having acted as Mediators in the work of pacification, declare that the Treaty of Peace, figned this day at Verfailles, between his Britannick Majesty and his Mott Chriftian Majetty, with the two feparate articles there to annexed, and of which they form a part, as alfo with all the claufes, conditions, and ftipulations which are therein contained, was concluded by the mediation of her Imperial Majetty of All the Ruffias. In witnefs whereof, we have figned thefe pre fents with our hands, and have cauled the feals of our arins to be fixed thereto. Done at Verfailles, the third of September, (L. S.) (L. S., three. PRINCE IWAN BARIATINSKOY. A. MARCOFF. The 360 Signed at Verfailles The DEFINITIVE TREATY of PEACE and FRIENDSHIP between In the name of the Moft Holy and Undi. vided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghoft. So be it. Bit known to all those whom it in any manner concern: The Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great-Britain, France, and Ireland, Duke of Brunfwick and Lunenbourg, Arch-Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, &c. and the Moft Serene and Moft Potent Prince Charles the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Spain, and of the Indies, &c. being equally defirous to put an end to the war which for feveral years palt afflicted their refpective dominions, accepted the offer which their Majefties the Emperour of the Romans, and the Emprefs of All the Rulias, made to them, of their interpofition, and of their mediation. But their Britannick and Catholick Majefties, animated with a mutual defire of accelerating the re-establishment of peace, communicated to each other their laudable intention, which Heaven fo far bieffed, that they proceeded to lay the foundations of peace, by figning Preliminary Articles at Verfallies, the 20th of January, in the prefent year. Their faid Majefties, the King of Great-Britain and the Catholick King, thinking it incumbent upon them to give their Imperial Majefties a fignal proof of their gratitude for the generous offer of their mediation, invited them, in concert, to concur in the completion of the great and falutary work of peace, by taking part as mediatours, in the definitive treaty to be concluded between their Britannick and Ca tholick Majefties. Their faid imperial Majesties having readily accepted that invitation, they have named as their reprefentatives, viz. his Majefty the Emperour of the Romans, the Mott Illustrious and Moit Excellent Lord Florimond, Count Mercy Argenteau, Viscount of Loo, Baron of Chrichegnee, Knight of the Golden Fleece, Chamberlain, actual Privy Counfellor of State to his Imperial and Royal Apoftolick Majefty, and his ambaladour to his Moft Chriftian Majefty; and her Majesty the Emprefs of All the Ruflias, the Mott Illuftrious, and Mort Excellent Lord, Prince Iwan Bariatinfkoy, Lieutenant-General of the forces of her Imperial Majetty of All the Ruffias, Knight of the orders of St. Anne and of the Swedish Sword, and her minister plenipotentiary to his Moft Chriftian Majefty, and the Lord Arcadi de Marcoff, Counsellor of State to her Imperial Majesty of All the Rutas, and her minifter plenipotentiary to his Moit Chriftian Majefty. In confequence, their faid Majestics the King of Great-Britain, and the Catholick King, have named and constituted for their plenipotentiaries, charged with the concluding and digning of the definitive treaty of peace, viz. the King of Great-Britain, the Most Illuftrious and Moft Excellent Lord George, Duke and Earl of Manchefter, Vilcount Mandeville, Baron of Kimbolton, Lord Lieutenant and Cuftos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon, actual Privy Countellor to his Britannick Majefty, and his ambaffadour extraordinary and plenipotentiary Article I. There fhall be a Christian, univerfak and perpetual peace, as well by fea as by land, and a fincere and conftant friendship thall be reestablished between their Britannick and Catholick Majefties, and between their heirs and fucceffors, kingdoms, dominions, provinces, countries, fubjects, and valfals, of what qua lity or condition foever they be, without excep tion either of places or perfons; fo that the high contracting parties fhall give the greatest attention to the maintaining between themfelves, and their faid dominions and fubjects, this reciprocal friendship and intercourfe, without permitting hereafter, on either part, any kind of hostilities to be committed, either by fea or by land, for any caufe, or under any pretenfe whatever; and they shall carefully avoid, for the future, every thing which might prejudice the union happily re-established, endeavouring, on the contrary, to procure reciprocally for each other, on every occafion, whatever may contribute to their mutual glory, interefts, and advantage, without giving any adittance or protection, directly or indirectly, to those who would do any injury to either of the high contracting parties. There shall be a general oblivion and amnesty of every thing which may have been done or committed, before or fince the commencement of the war which is juft ended. II. The treaties of Weftphalia of 1648; thofe of Madrid of 1667, and of 1670; thofe of peace and of commerce of Utrecht of 1713; that of Baden of 1714; of Madrid of 1715; of Seville of 1729; the definitive treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748; the treaty of Madrid of 1750; and the dennitive treaty of Paris of 1763, ferve as a bafis and foundation to the peace, and to the prefent treaty; and for this purpofe they are all renewed and confirmed in the best form, as well as all the treaties in general which fubfiited be tween the high contracting parties before the war, and particularly all thofe which are fpecihed and rentwed |