A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH CATHEDRAL

MUSIC.

BY JOHN S. BUMPUS

(Member of the S. Paul's Ecclesiological Society.)
(Continued from page 264.)

PART III.-ENGLISH CATHEDRAL MUSIC AND
COMPOSERS DURING THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY (continued).

ITS

In the same year (1736) that Boyce was appointed to S. Michael's, Cornhill, Weldon, one of the composers to the Chapel Royal, died. Into his vacant place Boyce was sworn. He contributed largely in this capacity, from time to time, to increase the store of anthems then in use, and, as his position demanded, frequently produced works for special occasions, among which are several of those noble compositions which we still hold in just admiration.

Upon the death of Travers in 1758, Boyce was appointed one of the organists of the Chapel Royal, whereupon he resigned his place at S. Michael's Cornhill, and also at Allhallows, Thames Street, of which church it should be mentioned he had consented, in 1749, to become organist, at the earnest solicitation of the parishioners, owing to his former residence among them. In the same year he proceeded Doctor of Music at Cambridge, his exercise on that occasion being an anthem, "O be joyful" a grand and elaborate composition, performed at S. Mary's Church; likewise an Ode (the words written by the Rev. W. Mason, afterwards Precentor of York), performed at the Senate House during the installation of the Duke of Newcastle as Chancellor of the University.

Boyce had likewise, on the death of Greene in 1755, been appointed his successor as Master of the King's Band, and Director of the annual musical service at S. Paul's, for the benefit of the Sons of the Clergy.

The above services at S. Paul's called forth two of Boyce's noblest inspirations, viz., the anthems "Blessed is he that considereth the poor," and "Lord, Thou hast been our refuge." Of these two fine pieces of music, a superb edition, in full orchestral and vocal score, was issued in 1802, by John Ashley. In the former of these occurs the well-known chorus for treble voices, "Remember, O Lord, what is come upon us." For the same festival, Dr. Boyce added instrumental accompaniments to Purcell's S. Cecilia Te Deum and Jubilate in D.

It was in 1760 that the first volume of the celebrated Cathedral Music made its appearance. Its reception was but cold. The list of subscribers to the work, with regard to numbers, redounded but little to the credit of those whose duty it was to encourage choral service, and simply showed to how low an ebb the love of it had sunk. Allusion is made to the Deans and Chapters of the various English cathedrals. One of the largest orders given to Dr. Boyce was that by the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, who subscribed for no less than twelve sets of large paper copies, or thirtysix volumes in all, thereby putting to shame the more influential and far wealthier English cathedral bodies, whose parsimony in this matter cannot be too strongly condemned.

The period of publication of the original edition of the Cathedral Music was an extremely protracted one; the first volume appeared in 1760, while the third and last was not given to the world until 1778, a year before the death of the laborious and painstaking compiler, to whom all Church musicians owe a deep debt of gratitude. The selection, comprising the best Services and Anthems from the time of Tallis to that of Weldon, was a most judicious one; the whole work being a splendid result of scholarship and research, and it is sad to think that the undertaking produced Boyce little else than fame, its sale yielding but little beyond the expense of production.

When the first edition was exhausted, a second was issued by John Ashley in 1788, the number of subscribers being much larger, and the sale more remunerative than that of the first. Prefixed was a fine portrait of Boyce, and much additional matter, in the shape of a memoir, and an account of the compiler's writings for the Church, chamber, and theatre, by Sir John Hawkins, was added. The Cathedral Music was the only work of any magnitude projected by Dr. Boyce in his lifetime; his own Services and Anthems being collected and edited after

his death.

These were published in two volumes, the first of which appeared in 1780, under the editorship of Boyce's widow, containing fifteen anthems and a Te Deum and a Jubilate in A; not the familiar full Service in that key (published originally in Arnold's Cathedral Music ten years later), but a more lengthy and elaborate composition with verses. Among the anthems in this volume we find those fine ones, "Give the King Thy judgments" (with its picturesque concluding chorus," All kings shall fall down before Him," frequently sung at S. Paul's during Epiphany), "By the waters of Babylon " (a great favourite at the same cathedral on Fridays, where it is heard to great advantage without organ accompaniment), "If we believe that Jesus died," and "Sing, O ye heavens."

In the second volume, brought out in 1790 under the editorship of Dr. Philip Hayes, the then Professor of Music at Oxford, are contained the well known short, full, Service in C, and twelve anthems, conspicuous among which stand those truly noble inspirations, "I have surely built Thee an house," and "O where shall wisdom be found." In the composition of his short, full, Services Boyce owed much to the influence of Charles King. Many years after the publication of the two abovementioned volumes, Vincent Novello issued a new edition of both of them, with an additional organ-part underneath the vocal score, which, originally, only had a figured bass. At the same time, two more volumes were added, one containing the short full Service in A, together with a Sanctus and Kyrie printed from an excessively rare MS., a Te Deum in G, with a Jubilate in the same key (added in continuation by Dr. Philip Hayes), a Burial Service in E minor, and thirteen anthems. In the other volume were given the two grand festival anthems, five more anthems, including "O be joyful," some chants and other sacred pieces. The whole four volumes formed a fitting tribute to the genius of the most celebrated composer of English Church music since the time of Purcell. Vincent Novello, an indefatigable labourer in the cause of English musical art, issued, about the same time, a new edition of the Cathedral Music with an organ part underneath the score.

Had the first edition of the Cathedral Music been better patronized, it is very probable that Boyce would have given his own Services and Anthems to the world; indeed, he was constantly much pressed by Sir John Hawkins and other friends to do so, but he declined, as he was so much disheartened by the coldness with which the former publication had been received. His answer always was, "that his anthems should remain in the choir books, and that he would never more solicit the aid of a subscription to enable him to publish what might fail of being well received."

Sir John Hawkins, in his biography, informs us that, "in the art of musical composition Dr. Boyce formed some rules which were the result of his own study and reflection, that served to guard him from the errors of others. One axiom of his in particular is worthy of remembrance by all students in the science; it is this, that whereas it is the endeavour of most musicians, both in composition and extempore performance on the organ, to modulate from key to key, by all the various methods their invention can suggest, the skill of the artist is best shewn, not in departing from the original key, but in keeping within it, and producing, by the interchanges of its own consonances, all that variety of harmony of which it may be found capable."

As examples of the above, Orlando Gibbons' Service in F, Byrde's anthem "Bow Thine ear," and some of Palestrina's motets are quoted; the majority of Boyce's own compositions, particularly his anthems, "The Lord is my light," "The heavens declare," "O where shall wisdom," and "I have surely," further illustrate it.

(To be continued.)

On the 19th of March last Mendelssohn's "Wedding of Camacho" was performed at a concert given by the Cecilia Society, Boston, U.S., under the directiou of Mr. B. J. Lang, this being the first complete performance of the music since its production on the stage at Berlin in 1827.

anthems, "I will magnify Thee" and "Let my complaint," which had not

* Published also in Page's Harmonia Sacra (1800), together with two previously appeared in print,

Passing Events.

The opening of the Inventories Exhibition by the Prince of Wales was not characterised by special music of interest. A concert of combined military bands was the chief effort. The organs of Willis, Brindley and Foster, and Jones,

The Festival of the Gregorian Association takes place are said to be complete; those of Walker and Sons and in St. Paul's Cathedral on May 21st.

Dr. Arthur Helbig, of the Leipzig Conservatorium, is giving a series of twelve lectures on the history of music at the Langham Hall.

The 147th anniversary festival of the Royal Society of Musicians took place on Thursday evening at St. James's Hall. Mr. Santley took the chair.

Mr. C. E. Miller brought to a close a series of nine well rendered organ recitals on April 30th given at St. Augustine's and St. Faith's, Watling Street, during March and April.

Mr. Ernest Kiver gave a chamber concert at the Prince's Hall, with an excellent programme, including Schumann's Piano Quartet in E flat, Beethoven's Trio in D, and Grieg's Sonata in E minor.

An esteemed correspondent points out that "A. M." is mistaken in ascribing "Hearts of Oak" to the pen of Sir G. A. Macfarren, as everyone knows that that sturdy piece of nautical swagger was composed by Dr. Boyce long ago.

Saturday the 16th inst., has been appointed for the Private View of the Summer Exhibition of the 19th Century Art Society, at the Conduit Street Galleries, and the exhibition will be open to the public on Monday, the 18th.

At the seventh meeting of the eleventh session of the Musical Association, on May 4th, Mr. W. H. Cummings, F.S.A., read a paper on Music Printing: block-typeengraved. Suggested improvements." Rare and unique specimens were exhibited.

During a performance of Mr. Browning's "A Blot in the Scutcheon" at St. George's Hall, on April 30th, some excellent music was given, including a charming serenade by Mr. Mackenzie, sung by Mr. E. Bryant. A good orchestra was directed by Mr. Berthold Tours.

The regretted death of Miss Kathleen O'Reilly is announced. The young lady, a talented composer and pianist, was only about twenty years of age, and it is feared greatly hastened her end by excessive work and ardent study, which overtaxed her physical powers.

other builders will be ready shortly.

The municipality of Antwerp have formed an official committee charged with finding comfortable lodgings for visitors to the international exhibition in that city. To this end official registry offices have been opened where the stranger can at once have his choice of accommodation at a fixed tariff, which includes not only a sleeping apartment, but breakfast, lights, and attendance. The rates are from 125. for the first class, down to Is. 3d. for the So that visitors to the International seventh class. Musical Congress in the first week of August may expect every attention.

The lamented death of Mr. Chas. H. Purday is announced. He was eighty-six years old, and was one of the singers at the Coronation of Her Majesty the Queen. His son-in-law, Mr. Stern, was one of the Abyssinian captives, and it is mainly through the exertions of Mr. Purday, that the expedition to release the captive was undertaken. He was an authority on copyright law; and he was greatly esteemed in private life. At the funeral on April 28th, Messrs. John Wood, George Muir Wood, A. Weekes, John Thomas, and other friends attended in proof of their respect and esteem for the deceased gentleman.

The musical critic of The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, writing in last week's issue of the Richter concerts, makes the following remarks :-"The first violins are of primary importance in a full orchestra, and so many of those included in that of the Richter concerts appear unable to produce sonorous and sympathetic notes, that the balance of tone-power becomes obvious when a grand tutti calls forth all the strength remarks in no spirit of ill-will towards the Richter

of the basses and brass instruments. We make these

concerts-least of all to Richter himself-but it is our duty to criticise impartially whatever musical undertakings crave public support, and we cannot forget that there has been a disposition on the part of our German colony and their friends to extol the orchestra, as being the finest combination of instrumentalists to be found in this country."

On April 30th, Mr. S. W. Pilling gave a recital by way of re-opening the organ at the Wesleyan Chapel, Gomer-B sal, rebuilt by Mr. A. Kirkland of London and Wakefield. The programme included Allegro (Widor ;) Scherzo (Lemaigre), and Marche Moderne (Lemare).

The Bloomsbury Church Choir Union hold their annual festival on May 21st at Christ Church, Woburn Square. The music includes Smart's Evening Service in F, Croft's "God is gone up," Haydn's "The heavens are telling," etc. Organ voluntaries will be played by eminent organists connected with the Union.

Dr. Bridge's "Hymn to the Creator" (The Song of St. Francis of Assisi) is to form the Anthem at the Abbey on Ascension Day. The Choir will be augmented by some of the Chapel Royal Choir. All the Abbey staff, which now consists of eighteen men and twenty boys, being present. The special services at three p.m., is in aid of the National Society.

An organ recital and service of sacred music was given by Mr. Humphrey J. Stark, at St. Paul's Church, Galashiels, on May 6th. The programme included Fantasia in D minor (H. J. Stark); Air with variations (Beethoven); Gavotte in D, Short Fugue in A minor (Bach); Offertoire in D major (Batiste); Cantilène Pastorale, "Grand Choeur" (Salomé); Impromptu (H. J. Stark); and Marche Religeuse (Adolphe Adam).

M. Rivière had a great concert given for his benefit at the Empire Theatre on May 2nd, at which many leading artists assisted. Among these were Mdmes. Rose Hersee, Sherwin, and Enriquez, Mr. Van Biene, Herr Poznanski, Signor Tito Mattei, Miss Florence St. John, Miss Loseby, Mr. J. L. Shine, Mr. Odell, Mr. Arthur Roberts, and Mr. Howard Paul, besides some 300 orchestral musicians. A feature of the concert was the performance of the national airs and war songs of the principal countries.

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Foreign Musical Intelligence.

CAPE TOWN.

The services at St. George's Cathedral on Easter Day were of such a character as to merit some notice in the

English musical papers. At the morning service at halfpast ten, the choir entered the cathedral singing the usual Easter hymn. To shorten the service the Te Deum and Benedictus were sung to chants. The communion service was the "Messe Sollennelle" of Gounod. The Benedictus, No. 5, was sung as the introit; the Kyrie was Schubert in G, and then followed the creed from the "Messe," a harp played by Miss Lefler adding greatly to the effect of the organ accompaniment. The Lord Bishop (the metropolitan) officiated as celebrant, singing his part according to the ancient mode excellently, and after the prayer of consecration the "Agnus Dei" was beautifully sung by the choir. Then followed in due course the "Sanctus," and the "Gloria in excelsis.” The difficulties of this splendid "Messe" were most satisfactorily overcome, and throughout the service the time and all the marks of expression were faithfully observed. The boys' voices in this choir are remarkably good, and the training they receive renders them equal to any call made upon them. At the evening service, Barnby's service in E flat was sung and the anthem was the Kyrie and Gloria from Mozart's 12th Mass. The services reflected the greatest credit upon the precentor, the Rev. E. Bury, who is untiring in his exertions, upon the organist, Mr. C. N. Thomas, and upon the choir. The cathedral was crowded both morning and evening, fully testifying to the hold these grand musical services have upon the people. It only remains to express one regret, viz., that funds are not forthcoming to put into thorough repair, and to add to, the present worn out, but in many respects excellent |

organ.

HAROLD E. STIDOLPH.

Service Lists.

FIFTH SUNDAY AFTER EASTER.
MAY 10th, 1885.

LONDON.

ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. - Morn.: Service, Te Deum and Benedictus, Martin in C; Holy Communion, Martin in C. Even.: Service, Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis, Martin in C; Anthems, My hope is in the everlasting, and, Awake thou that sleepest (Stainer).

LINCOLN'S INN CHAPEL.-Morn.: Service, Steggall in F; Kyrie, Steggall; Anthem, Judge me, O God (Mendelssohn). Even.: Service, Steggall in F; Anthem, Call to remembrance, O Lord (Battishill)."

ST. ALPHAGE, LONDON WALL.-Morn.: Service, Te Deum Dye in D; Jubilate, Garrett in D; Kyrie Eleison, Garrett in D. Even.: Service, Cantate Domino and Deus Misereatur, Cobb in C.

CHILDREN'S HOME CHAPEL, BONNER ROAD, E.-Morn.: Service, Anthem, O Lord, we trust (Handel). Aft.: Service, Anthem, If ye love me (Heap).

HOLY TRINITY, TULSE HILL. Morn.: Chant Service. Even.: Service, Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis, Gregory in B flat; Anthem, O clap your hands (Stainer).

E; Communion Service, Hatton in E.
ST. CLEMENT'S, EASTCHEAP.-Morn.: Service, Hatton in
in E; Anthem, Ascribe unto the Lord (Travers).
Even.: Service, Hatton
Anthem, O Lord, correct me (Coward); Te Deum and Jubilate,
ST. MAGNUS, LONDON BRIDGE.-Morn.: Service, Opening
Turle in D; Kyrie, Turle.
Nunc Dimittis, Turle in D; Anthem, I waited for the Lord
Even.: Service, Magnificat and
(Mendelssohn).

ST. PAUL'S, AVENUE ROAD, SOUTH HAMPSTEAD.-Morn.:
Service, Te Deum, Smart in F; Benedictus, Goss; Kyrie,
Arnold in A. Even.: Service, Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis,
Gounod in D; Anthem, Lead kindly light (Stainer); after
Sermon, Litany for the Rogation days (468 A. and M.)

ST. PETER-LE-POER, OLD BROAD STREET.-Morn.: Ser

More than 15,000 persons, it is stated, attended Franz vice, Introit, He was despised (Handel); Holy Communion, Abt's funeral.

Stainer in E flat. Even.: Service, Magnificat and Nunc
Dimittis, Stainer in E flat; Anthem, For my soul twisteth for

Anton Rubinstein's "Nero," has been produced at the God (Mendelssohn). Imperial Opera House, Vienna.

At the opening of the International Exhibition on May 2nd at Antwerp, a new hymn by M. Benoit for chorus and orchestra was performed.

At a concert in Madrid Wagner's "Walkürenritt" was recently performed for the first time in Spain, and was

received with much enthusiasm.

Like Naples, Buenos Ayres now can boast of a lady conductor; her name is Eva Carlanay, and she wields the bâton at the Pasatiempo concerts.

It is proposed to erect in his birthplace a monument to Tartini, the celebrated violinist and composer, who was born in Pirano (Istria) in 1692 and died at Padua in 1770.

A grand organ from the factory of Cavaillé-Coll was opened lately by MM. Alexandre Guilmant and Jules Marie (the latter being the regular organist) at the Church of St. Etienne, Caen.

Franz von Suppé's new two-act opera, "Des Matrosen Heimkehr," was to be given for the first time, and under the composer's own direction, at the Stadttheater, Hamburgh, on the 4th inst.

A singular concert, at which the ninety instruments in the orchestra consisted of mandolines, citerns, lutes, guitars, and harps, and the forty vocalists were all amateurs, was lately given in Florence.

A Bach festival was lately held at Cöthen, a town in which the great composer lived and worked for several years. A monument of Bach, erected near the cathedral, was unveiled on the occasion.

The season lately ended at the Teatro Apollo, Rome, extended over sixty nights, the works performed being "Lakmé," "Mefistofele," Lohengrin," "La Favorita," "Il Barbiere," and "Gioconda."

COUNTRY.

vice, Hatton in E. Even.: Service, Wortham in F; Anthem, His salvation is nigh them that fear Him (Sterndale Bennett). ST. ASAPH CATHEDRAL.-Morn.: Service, Goss in A; An

ARDINGLY COLLEGE, SUSSEX.-Morn.: Communion Ser

them, O give thanks (Sydenham). Even.: Service, Goss in A; Anthem, I will magnify Thee (Goss).

ASHBURNE CHURCH, DERBYSHIRE. - Morn.: Service, Stainer in A (throughout). Even.: Service, Stainer in A; Anthem, Thou visitest the earth (Greene).

BIRMINGHAM (ST. CYPRIAN'S, HAY MILLS).-Morn.: Ser. vice, Stainer in A and D; Anthem, Praise the Lord (Elvey). Even.: Service, Whitfeld in D; Anthem, Ascribe unto the Lord (Wesley).

CARLISLE CATHEDRAL.-Morn.: Service, Stainer in E flat; Kyrie, Stainer in E flat; Nicene Creed, Merbecke. Even. Service, Stephenson in E flat; Anthem, Awake, awake (Stainer).

DUBLIN, ST. PATRICK'S (NATIONAL) CATHEDRAL.-Morn.: Service, Te Deum and Jubilate, Mendelssohn in A; Anthem, The wilderness (Goss). Even.: Service, Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis, Smith in B flat; Anthems, Distracted with care (Haydn), Ye people rend your hearts, and, If with all your hearts (Mendelssohn).

EDINBURGH (ST. JOHN'S).-Aft.: Service, Aldrich in G ; Anthem, God Thou art great (Spohr). Even.: Anthem, The Lord is loving (Garrett).

Even.:

ELY CATHEDRAL. Morn.: Service, Roberts; Kyrie and
"The head."
Credo, Roberts; Anthem, Hymn 301,
Service, Roberts; Anthem, O clap your hands (Stainer).

LEEDS PARISH CHURCH.-Morn.: Service, Hatton in E;
Introit, Thou visitest the earth (Green); Holy Communion,
Hatton in E; Anthem, O come let us worship (Mendelssohn).
Even.: Service, Hatton in E; Anthem, Lord God of heaven
(Spohr).

LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL.-Morn.: Service, Garrett in D; Anthem, Behold the Lamb of God (Handel). Even.: Service, The Musical Society of Rome will shortly perform Hayes in E flat; Anthem, Thou O God art praised (Greene). Spontini's "Olimpia" at their premises in the Palazzo LIVERPOOL CATHEDRAL. Aft.: Service, Magnificat and Doria Pamphili, the direction of it being entrusted to Nunc Dimittis, Stainer in E flat; Anthem, O sing unto Signor Mascheroni, conductor at the Teatro Apollo. the Lord (Purcell).

SOUTHAMPTON (ST. MARY'S CHURCH).-Morn.: Service, Organ Te Deum and Benedictus, Calkin in B flat; Holy Communion, Calkin in B flat; Paternoster, Hoyte. Even.: Service, Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis, Calkin in B flat; Anthem, If ye love me (Monk).

WELLS CATHEDRAL.-Morn.: Service, Garrett in D; Introit, O magnify the Lord (Macfarren). Even.: Service, Garrett in D; Anthem, O worship the Lord (Hayes).

WIMBORNE MINSTER.-Morn.: Service, King in F; Sanctus and Kyrie, Nares in F. Even.: Service, King in F; Anthem, Blessed be the God and Father (Wesley).

Holborn, London, W.C.] not later than Wednesday THE "PERFECT" HYDRAULIC ENGINE for morning in each week. Lists are frequently omitted through not being received in time.

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