to General Oudinot:-"The telegraphic news announcing the unforeseen resistance which you have met with under the walls of Rome has greatly grieved me. I had hoped, as you know, that the inhabitants of Rome, opening their eyes to evidence, would receive with eagerness an army which had arrived there to accomplish a friendly and disinterested mission. This has not been the case. Our soldiers have been received as enemies. Our military honour is engaged. I will not suffer it to be assailed. Reinforcements shall not be wanting to you. Tell your soldiers that I appreciate their bravery, and take part in what they endure; and that they may always rely on my support and my gratitude.'

9.-General Garibaldi defeats the Neapolitans, 7,000 strong, at Palestrina. He returned to Rome on the 11th, and was received in triumph.

Macready-Forrest riots in New York. Driven from the stage of the Astor House Theatre on the 7th, Mr. Macready, in compliance with a requisition, now made his appearance a second time, and his friends were found to have mustered in sufficient numbers to turn the disaffected out of the building by force. This led to serious rioting in the streets, at the height of which the military were called out and fired into the mob. Three or four were killed and a much larger number injured by the discharge. Mr. Macready escaped from the theatre to his hotel in disguise, and embarked for England at the earliest opportunity.

11. In reply to Mr. B. Osborne, Lord Palmerston states that notice had been received from the Cabinet at Vienna of the advance of Russian forces into Hungary, but that the British Government had made no offer of mediation between the contending parties.

Died, in Paris, from cholera, aged 72, Madame Récamier.

15. In consequence of the morning newspapers declining to report the frequent lengthy speeches of Mr. John O'Connell, the hon. gentleman attempted to avail himself of an Act long in abeyance, to expel the reporters from the House along with all other strangers. On the 8th June they were kept out of the House during the discussion in committee of the Poor Relief (Ireland) Bill.

16.-Bologna, after a sanguinary struggle of eight days, surrenders to the Austrians.

17.-Fight between a bull and a tiger at Madrid; about 90,000 people said to be present.

the charges of acting in an unauthorized manner and tampering with the share-list.

19.-An Irish bricklayer, named Hamilton, fires a pistol, charged with powder, at the Queen, when proceeding down Constitutionhill towards Buckingham Palace. He was instantly arrested and committed for trial under the Act, passed in 1842, to punish those who attacked her Majesty with intent to alarm. On his trial he pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to seven years' transportation.

21.-Died, at Edgeworthtown, County Longford, in her 83rd year, Maria Edgeworth, the well-known authoress of many stories of Irish life and modern society.

22.-Interview between the Emperor of Russia and Austria, in Warsaw.

Died, aged 75, Robert Vernon, donor to the nation of the collection of pictures known as the Vernon Gallery.

27.-The French Legislative Assembly of 750 members holds its first sitting.

28. At Toomavara, Tipperary, 500 of the famine-stricken inhabitants were evicted under circumstances which led to repeated reference being made to the case in Parliament.

June 3.

He

General Oudinot, apparently anxious to spare the historical part of Rome, where the defence was weakest, moves a column of attack against the Villa Pamphili. surprised 200 of Mellora's free corps and took them prisoners. Garibaldi's party in the villa were on the alert, and gave the alarm to the defenders of the walls overlooking the battle-ground. A desperate engagement took place, the villa being several times taken and re-taken in the course of the day. At nightfall it remained in the hands of the French. The Church of San Pancrazzio, the Corsini and Valentini Villas, were afterwards attacked and carried. The Triumvirs issued a proclamation :-"No one imagined that France would, like a thief in the night, steal into our city; but it did so, and succeeded to a certain point. Whilst Oudinot resorts to this infamous act, France rises up and recalls its One troops from this work of invasion. more effort, Romans, and the country is saved for ever! Rome by its constancy regenerates all Europe!"

-In Paris to-day the deaths from cholera number 119. Marshal Bugeaud died on the 10th, and Madame Catalani, a singer of great reputation in her day, on the 13th.

4. Died suddenly, at Paris, aged 60, Marguerite, Countess of Blessington, a leader of fashion in English society, and an authoress of various works of fiction and travel.

of Parliament to three years, and to equalize the proportion of representatives to electors. On a division the motion was negatived by 268 to 82.

11. Mr. Cobden's motion for an address to the Crown in favour of settling disputes by a scheme of international arbitration defeated by a majority of 176 against 79.

The Jews Emancipation Bill read a third time in the House of Commons by a majority of 66.

Violent scene in the French Assembly, arising from the declaration of Ledru-Rollin that the Constitution had been violated by the force sent out in support of the Pope having attacked the Roman people in their own capital. On the 13th the elements of discord were so alarming that Paris was declared in a state of siege. Attempts were even made to erect barricades; but those stationed at them generally fled at the approach of the military without any serious fighting. Several of the more violent Red Republicans were seized and their organs suppressed.

The General Board of Health issue a notification regarding the visitation of cholera to this country. Since the latter end of March the disease had broken out in twelve different parts of the metropolis, in 27 towns in England and Wales, and 17 towns in Scotland. In the two months from the 29th of March to the 29th of May the total number of cases was 428, but in the twelve days preceding the date of the present notice the number was 673. The total number of deaths up to the time of the renewal of the Order in Council were 6,319 out of 14,332 attacks, whereas the returns now gave 638 deaths out of 1,203 attacks.

The Irish state-prisoners, whose sentence had been commuted to transportation for life, demand that they should either be set at liberty or executed according to the original sentence.

12. The third reading of the Navigation Bill carried in the House of Lords without a division. The Bishop of Oxford's amendment on the motion that the bill do pass was rejected by 23 to 9.

14. In consequence of the difficulty which had arisen in connexion with the commutation of the sentence upon the Irish traitors, a bill is brought in to-day, and carried through both Houses during the session, to remove any doubt which might exist with regard to the Crown's right to exercise the prerogative of mercy in cases of high treason.

19.-Loss of the transport ship, Richard Dart, on the north side of Prince Edward's Island. She struck during a storm of such severity that the waves tore the lifeboats from the quarter-deck, and swept off 47 of the passengers and crew. Of these the mate alone contrived to reach the rocks. The commander and a few others took refuge in the rigging, and were saved by the mainmast falling inshore.

They were exposed to great hardships on the island till they fell in with an exploring party from Capetown, who maintained them for thirty-two days, till a vessel passed for the Cape.

20. Great gathering at the Menai Straits, to witness the fixing of the first tube of the Britannia Bridge. The operation, at once delicate and stupendous, was accomplished without accident to the tube, but one life was lost, and a short delay occasioned by the bursting of one of the cylinders of a hydraulic press.

21. The Austro-Russian troops defeat the Hungarians, who retreat across the Waag. 22.-The annual budget introduced by Sir Charles Wood. He calculated the total income at 52,252,000, and the expenditure at 51,515,064, and, with the small surplus at his disposal, did not propose to make any reduction in the taxation.

23. The Pope, in exile, makes a contribu tion of 20,000 francs for the relief of the starving Irish.

25.-Died, aged 57, Karl Gottlob Zumpt, philologist and grammarian.

26. The Jewish Disabilities Bill thrown out in the House of Lords, on a second reading, by a majority of 25. Baron Rothschild resigned his seat for London, but was re-elected on the 3rd July, by a large majority, over Lord John Manners.

Protectionist meeting in Drury Lane Theatre, presided over by the Duke of Richmond. Lord Malmesbury, in moving one of the resolutions, said it was not too late yet to retrace steps so rashly taken in 1846. He hoped the time would never come when the free-trade theory would be consummated; "but should it please God in His anger that it should be effected, then would this great kingdom soon return to its normal and natural state-a weather-beaten island in a northern sea."

27.-Collision between the American mail steamer Europa, making for Liverpool, and the emigrant ship Charles Bartlett, on her outward voyage. The occurrence took place in lat. 50°49' N., long. 29° 30' W., during a thick fog. The Europa, steaming at the rate of eleven or twelve knots an hour, struck the Charles Bartlett midway between the main and mizen masts, cutting her completely in two, and almost passing through the sinking halves. The damage sustained by the Europa was of the most trifling description. Her engines were immediately stopped, and the boats lowered to save as many as possible of the people on board the barque. Out of 176 only 42 could be rescued, the ill-fated vessel, cut far below the water-mark, and heavily laden with lead, iron, and chalk, sinking with fearful rapidity. It was thought that not fewer than thirty people were crushed to death during the time the steamer kept pressing on the barque.

July 1. For the six months closing to-day the large sum of 22,000,000/. of foreign capital was invested in the English funds.

At an early hour this morning the French succeed in obtaining a footing within the walls of Rome. Four hundred of the garrison were bayoneted on the spot, and 230 taken prisoners. Thirteen pieces of artillery found in the bastion were spiked, and a heavy fire opened against other weak places in the walls. At 5 P. M. General Rosselli sent a dispatch to General Oudinot :-" The Assembly ceases a defence which has become impossible, and remains at its post. It charges the Triumvirate with the execution of the present decree. A suspension of hostilities was afterwards agreed upon, and General Oudinot entered the city at the head of his staff on the 3rd.

2.-General Oudinot telegraphs to the French Minister of War:-"The assault made on the night of the 30th produced the result I expected. Overtures of submission were made to me yesterday by a deputation of the Roman Municipality. The bastion No. 9 is occupied by our troops. The gates of San Paolo, Portese, and San Pancrazzio have just been opened to us. Measures have been adopted to ensure the occupation of the city with the greatest order. The discipline of our soldiers equals their valour." The key of one of the gates was sent to the Pope at Gaeta, who returned an answer congratulating the French General on his triumph over the enemies of human society.

3. During the debate on O'Connor's motion relative to the Charter, Lord John Russell disclaimed ever having used to any person or in any debate the word "Finality," with which his name had become somehow associated.

4. The inhabitants of Capetown resolve in public meeting, "That the British Government had no right to degrade into a penal settlement the Cape of Good Hope, which became a portion of the British empire by capitulation and cession from a friendly power, and that all attempts so to injure and degrade it are unjust and tyrannical, and may be constitutionally resisted by the inhabitants as British subjects." Notwithstanding this strong manifestation of feeling on the part of the colonists, the ship Neptune, loaded with convicts, was dispatched from Bermuda to Simon's Bay; but the opposition becoming too aggravating and significant to be misunderstood, the vessel was withdrawn, and the offensive Order in Council of 4th September, 1848, cancelled.

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6. After a debate, extending over nights, Mr. Disraeli's motion, that the House should resolve itself into a committee to take into consideration the state of the nation, was negatived by a majority of 296 to 156.

7.-Madame Sontag, after a retirement of twenty years, re-appears as Linda at the Italian Opera.

12. Affray at Dolly's Brae, near Castlewellan, County Down, between a party of Ribbonmen and an Orange procession proceeding to Tollymore-park on a visit to Lord Roden. Early in the month the Government had been apprised of intended strife at this place, and detachments of military and police were sent forward to preserve the peace, but their presence did not prevent shots being exchanged between the rival factions, with the loss of several lives. The incident led to much official correspondence, and to various discussions in Parliament.

Died, aged 70, Horace Smith, joint author of the "Rejected Addresses."

14. Battle of Waitzen between the Russians and Hungarians commenced; it did not terminate till the 17th, on which day the Hungarian cavalry, under Görgey, had broken through the Russian lines and was in full retreat northwards in order to get behind the Theiss.

15.-Re-establishment of the temporal authority of the Pope proclaimed at Rome.

18. At a meeting held in York, the directors and shareholders of the Newcastle and Berwick Railway resolve to proceed against Mr. Hudson for illegally applying 184,204/. of the funds of the company to his own use.

Riot and loss of life at St. Boswall's Fair, Kelso, caused by the attempted rescue of a railway labourer who had been taken into custody for assault.

19. The Pope writes to his beloved subjects from Gaeta :-" We hail with satisfaction the day when we are to return among you. Without delay, for the reorganization of public affairs, we are about to name a commission which, furnished with full powers and aided by a Ministry, will regulate the government of the State."

21.-C. Fitzsimon, son-in-law of the late D. O'Connell, writes to Corry Connellan, Private Secretary of the Lord-Lieutenant, the following letter, which gave rise to much animadversion later in the year:-" My dear Connellan, I trust I shall be pardoned for mentioning a suggestion. I make it from my sincere anxiety that no chance accident should in any way damp the enthusiasm with which the people are ready to receive the Queen.. Lord Roden is looked upon as the cause of the late lamented affair in the north. daughter-in-law coming in so immediately after in attendance on her Majesty would be of mauvaise augure. I know the people of Dublin would feel it so. Could not Lady Jocelyn get toothache, or some other malady, to entitle her to sick-leave for the time, and

His

allow some other less dangerous name to appear in the Queen's suite?

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21.-Military spectacle at Chatham. The operations" consisted of attacks by a besieging army which had beaten a force sent to relieve the fortress besieged, and returned to the siege operations; and of a defence by the besiegers, which was successful up to a certain point, but at last failed against the superior force and offensive matériel of the attacking body.

-The Liberal members meet in one of the committee rooms of the House to resolve upon a united course of action during the next session of Parliament, upon the questions of the Irish Church, the English and Irish franchise, and the tenure of land in Ireland.

In the course of a debate on the advance of the Russian troops against Hungary, Lord Palmerston defends himself from the charge of stirring up opposition to Austria, which had been made by Lord Brougham in the House of Lords, when moving certain resolutions relating to Italy.

22.-During a visit to the scene of his capitivity at Ham, Prince Louis Napoleon said, in reply to a toast by the Mayor:-"Now that I am by the choice of all France become the legitimate chief of this great nation, I cannot glory in a captivity which had for its cause an attack against a regular government. pose to you a toast in honour of the men who are determined, in spite of their conviction, to respect the institutions of their country."

I pro

23.-Public meeting in the London Tavern to express sympathy with "the noble, maligned, and betrayed people of Hungary." Mr. Cobden was the principal speaker, arguing at great length against the impolicy and inhumanity of assisting Austria or Russia by loans raised in this country.

24. The Austrian Commander-in-Chief, General Haynau, to the inhabitants of Buda and Pesth :-"After several victories which the imperial arms have obtained over those of the traitors, we are again among you. We have again planted the imperial standard on your steeples. But our feelings are far different from what they were when we left you a short time ago. Doomed to death is every person, no matter of what rank or sex-doomed to instant death on the spot of the crime, is every one who dares to assist the cause of the rebels, by words or deeds, or by revolutionary dress; doomed to instant death is every one who dares to insult any of my soldiers or those of our allies; doomed to instant death is every one who enters into traitorous communication with the enemies of the Crown, or who maliciously presumes by rumours to assist the rebellion, or to conceal weapons."

25. The foundation-stone of the breakwater of Portland Harbour sunk by Prince Albert.

28.- Berlin relieved from the state of siege imposed November 12.

Died, at Oporto, aged 51, Charles-Albert, ex-king of Sardinia.

31.-Great slaughter of Borneo pirates by a small European force at Palo. Of 120 prahus said to have started on the expedition, and all of which were in the bay on the preceding evening, eighty were destroyed, and the loss of life was placed as high as 1,200 men.

August 1.-Parliament prorogued by commission. With reference to the most important act of the session, the Speech recorded that "Her Majesty has given her assent to the important measure you have passed to amend the Navigation-laws, in full confidence that the enterprise, skill, and hardihood of her people will assure to them a full share of the commerce of the world, and maintain upon the seas the ancient renown of this nation."

Her Majesty and the Royal Family take their departure from the Isle of Wight on their first visit to Ireland. It was intended to cast anchor in Portland roads, but the weather being unusually favourable, the voyage was continued without interruption to the Cove of Cork, which was reached in about thirty hours after the departure from Osborne. Next day the Queen received addresses on board the royal yacht, and stepped ashore for a short time about 3 o'clock. On entering the pavilion prepared for her reception, her Majesty said to Dr. Power, "I have to inform you that I comply with the wishes of the inhabitants to change the name of this town." The old flag with the word "Cove" on it was then hauled down, and another with the new inscription "Queenstown" took its place. On proceeding up the river to Cork numerous addresses were presented, and her Majesty conferred the honour of knighthood on the Mayor, William Lyons, Esq. From Cork the squadron dropped down the river, and made direct for Kingstown harbour, which was reached in the evening about 7 o'clock. The royal visit to

"Such a

"such a

Dublin was made on the 6th. day of jubilee," writes the Times, night of rejoicing, has never been beheld in the ancient capital of Ireland since first it arose on the banks of the Liffey. No ovation of olden Rome enriched with the spoils of conquered nations, and illustrated by the wealth of captured kings, was so glorious as the triumphant entry of Queen Victoria into Dublin." The royal cortege occupied an hour and a half in passing through the streets from the railway station to the Vice-regal Lodge. A decorated archway was erected at Canal Bridge, where the Lord Mayor presented her Majesty with the keys of the city and with the mace and sword. On returning the keys, the Queen said, "I am delighted to be in Dublin. I am gratified at the reception I have met with in this the second city of my empire." Next day the royal party visited the Bank, the National

Board of Education, and Trinity College. In the early part of the 8th Prince Albert inspected a troop of Hussars in Phoenix-park, and in the afternoon her Majesty held a levee in the Castle. The address of the Dublin Corporation was replied to in these words :"It affords me sincere pleasure to receive your address in my ancient and loyal city of Dublin, and I gladly avail myself of this occasion to express my grateful acknowledgment for the ardent affection and loyalty with which my arrival has been hailed. I gladly share

with you the hope that the heavy visitation with which Providence has recently visited large numbers of people in this country is passing away. I have felt deeply for their sufferings, and it will be a source of heartfelt satisfaction to me if I am permitted to witness the future and lasting prosperity of this portion of the United Kingdom." A review in Phoenixpark was the main feature of Thursday's rejoicings, and on Friday her Majesty visited the Duke of Leinster, at Carton. Belfast was similarly honoured on Saturday; and on Sunday the royal squadron stood out for the Frith of Clyde, but was compelled to seek shelter for the night in Loch Ryan. On Monday the 13th the royal squadron sailed up Loch Long, and Prince Albert passed across from Arrochar to Loch Lomond, and joined the Queen on board the Fairy, in the Clyde, when the fleet passed up the river to Glasgow. Here her Majesty was received by the Corporation of Glasgow and the gentry of the West of Scotland; accompanied by them, the royal party proceeded through the streets to the Cathedral and University, and afterwards departed by railway on their journey to Balmoral.

2.-In the case of Gorham v. the Bishop of Exeter, the Arches Court gave judgment that the Bishop was justified in his refusal to induct the plaintiff into the living of Brampford-Speke.

Died, at Alexandria, Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt.

4. Mr. Berwick, Q.C., Government Commissioner, closes his court of inquiry into the circumstances connected with the collision at

Dolly's Brae. A protest against the closing of the inquiry was made by Mr. Rae, who acted as attorney for the Ribbon party.

6.-Lola Montez brought up at Marlboroughstreet Police Court on a charge of bigamy, in so far as she had intermarried with Lieut. Heald of the 2nd Life Guards, her former husband, Captain James, being still alive. The suit was instituted by the friends of Lieut. Heald, who had only come of age in January last, and was entitled to a fortune of between 6,000/. and 7,000l. a year. The prisoner admitted her first marriage with Captain James, but said she then passed under a false name, and that to complete its nullity a divorce had been obtained by mutual consent. On inquiry it turned out that the sentence of the Consistorial Court prohibited either from marrying during the lifetime of the other. The case was

11.-Explosion of fire-damp in the Lletty Shenkin Colliery, Aberdare, causing the death of 52 workmen out of 112 employed in the pit. The Hungarian dictator, Görgey, at the head of between 30,000 and 40,000 men, surrenders to the Russians at Arad. He writes to General Rudiger :-" The Provisional Government exist no longer. The height of peril had found it at the weakest. I, the man of action, but not of ineffectual action, saw that all further bloodshed was useless-disastrous for Hungary. I had seen it in the beginning of the Russian intervention. I called to-day upon the Provisional Government to abdicate unconditionally, because its continuance in power could only render the future of our fatherland darker, from day to day, and more deplorable. The Provisional Government admitted this, and voluntarily resigned, laying down the supreme power in my hands. I avail myself of this circumstance, according to my best persuasion, to spare the effusion of blood, and to liberate my peaceful fellow-citizens (whom I am too weak any longer to protect from at least the miseries of war), by laying down arms unconditionally, and thereby giving the impulse to the leaders of the divisions of the Hungarian forces separated from me shortly to do the same, acknowledging with me that this is the best thing that can at present be done for Hungary." Görgey concluded by describing his intended route, so that the Russians, to whom alone he would surrender, might throw themselves between his forces and the Austrians. On the 16th he writes to General Klapka :-"Since we saw one another, events have taken place which were not indeed unexpected, but have been decisive. The everlasting jealousy of the Government had fortunately brought matters to the point which I foretold as early as April, when I passed the Theiss at Tokay. many honourable battles with the Russians, the Diet declared its wish that I should be Commander-in-Chief. Kossuth secretly appointed Bem. The country believed that Kossuth had appointed me from the jesuitical answer which he gave to the motion of the Diet. This knavery was the source of all that befell later." On the 14th Kossuth writes to Bem, from Terregova : -"I advise, as a good citizen and honourable man, that you set down a committee of representatives of the people, for only the sovereign power can act over the Government. Send couriers to Comorn and Peterwardein to hold out. Assure yourself of the co-operation of the commandant of the fortress of Arad. This

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