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either than the torrent was upon him, and escape from the arms of Cairnes, Martyns, or Belk, seemed impossible. Once only Davis got away for about a third of the ground, and then the hard-won advantage was lost by an unlucky pass-back right into the hands of Cairnes. In fact during this last half hour nothing but the splendid collaring of Annesley, Casson, and Kaye, aided by extreme good fortune, saved Horner's from serious disaster. A brilliant drop by Cairnes which missed the goal by about a foot ought not to go unrecorded, nor yet a run by Martyn which Annesley stopped only a yard from the line.

When the game was resumed on the Saturday, Griffith was there in person, and unfortunately Clayton was laid up and unable to play again; but in spite of these changes it was generally expected that Horner's would have some difficulty in securing a victory within the hour. The result was however widely different, for the game had hardly started before Davis got away along the upper side, and when collared by deMontmorency he neatly passed the ball to Buchanan, who was backing up close behind him, and the latter continuing the run grounded the ball behind the posts. A successful place by the same player brought the score to three goals to love. The ball was started again and in a very few minutes Davis was once more at full speed on his way to the Preshute goal, this time to make the touch-down himself right between the posts. Once more Horner's captain proved the accuracy of his aim and the game was finished in the short space of seven minutes.

For the winners, Casson and Home among the forwards were invaluable, well supported by Bishop, Benson, Pennethorne and Dowding; of the behinds, Davis was of course facile princeps, but Buchanan and Kaye did a heap of work and rarely got the ball without carrying it on some yards, while Annesley and Crookenden gave good help at their respective places. For Preshute, Martyn, Cairnes, and Martin were conspicuous behind the squash, and the forward play of Clayton, Towgoods, and Bulman deserves especial

mention.

CHARACTERS OF THE RIFLE VIII.

LIEUT. H. R. MANTON (1882). Average 52.25.-A very steady and reliable shot, especially at the short

range. Shot well in all the matches. An excellent captain. Has left.

LANCE.-CORP. E. G. CHEKE (1884). Average 47.1. -A very energetic, and persevering shot. Manages to keep his head at strange ranges, and did himself full justice at Wimbledon.

LANCE.-CORP. J. G. HULBERT (1884). Average 50.3.-A very steady shot. Began the season with some very good scores, and could be relied on at the long range.

SERGT. A. G. THYNNE (1883). Average 45.8.-At the beginning of the season seemed to have fallen off slightly from his form last year, but improved considerably towards the end of the term. Has left.

CORP. B. H. DEJERSEY (1884). Average 45.6.Began the season fairly well, and kept up his form throughout the term. Failed to do himself credit at Wimbledon.

PRIVT. G. H. S. BROWNE (1884). Average 45.Took a great deal of trouble to become a steady shot, and made wonderful progress. At times was decidedly brilliant. Has left.

PRIVT. W. R. MACINNES (1884). Average 41.Seems rather nervous, but takes great pains in try. ing to improve. Has hardly had enough experience to be relied on always. Has left.

PRIVT. C. S. STACK (1884). Average 42.8. Very erratic in scoring, especially at the long range. Cannot always be relied on, but occasionally makes a very good score.

Averages of the Shooting VIII, 1884.

Average

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Having lost, to our unfeigned regret, all officers and many N.C.O.s., the corps has had to set vigorously to work to fill up its numbers and to supply the place of its late commanders. Sergt. Wynne-Willson and Col.-Sergt. Bull have succeeded respectively to the post of Captain and Lieutenant, and by the promotion of a due complement of Serjeants, &c., the work goes on satisfactorily. The government store of Red Books having run short, the difficulty of thoroughly learning their duties is very much increased; but by the help of well-attended skeleton drills a good deal is being accomplished. An entirely new step has been

taken. Lieut.-Col. Luce, commanding 2nd Wilts R.V.C., gave us leave to enrol as recruits in the L (Marlborough) Company, all who were of sufficient age. Including the members of Common Room, not more than fourteen were immediately available: but most of the sacra cohors setting to it at once, are now far on the way towards making themselves efficient by October 31st, the end of the Volunteer year. The advantage of this innovation has already been pointed out in orders; so it need only be repeated here that every efficient will earn £1 10s. per annum besides a certain amount of ammunition; and Martini Henry Rifles are granted in the proportion of 12 per cent. to the total number enrolled. Especial attention is called to this last point, as the Martini is made compulsory for the Schools Competition at Wimbledon next year, and at present we do not possess a single one. We are still in need of more recruits, especially of an advanced age and size. Most of the enrolled recruits have got out of the 3rd Class, the two best scores being Sergt. Hulbert, 65; Private Robertson, 61.

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MARLBOROUGH BLUES v. SURBITON. Played at Surbiton, on Saturday, Aug. 2nd. After dismissing their opponents for the not very enormous score of 132, Newton only making a stand, the Blues were unable to resist the bowling of Jellicoe, of Haileybury and Oxford renown, and their wickets fell for 82. In their second innings Surbiton showed that they were not so easily to be disposed of a second time, and bowler after bowler was tried without much success. Some of the fielding was excellent, particularly Buchanan's at point. Meyrick-Jones only bowled three overs, the last of which was a curiosity: the first three balls went for three sixers, the last two balls were wickets. SURBITON.

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ing the mound, the big stones, and the venerable Church, which has been most ably restored, and well repays a visit. They then drove along the Calne road to Cherhill, and then walked to Oldbury Camp, whence a most extensive view received additional charm from the beauty of the afternoon. Returning, some along the Roman Road, and some along the old Bath Road, which here followed the line of the old British ridgeway, they rejoined the carriage and drove back to Avebury to tea, reaching home at seven o'clock. The Society were obliged to forego the pleasure of seeing the famous ornithological collection at Yatesbury Rectory, owing to the enforced absence of the Rev. A. C. Smith from home, but it is hoped that next year a visit to Yatesbury may be combined with one to Bishop's Cannings, the singularly beautiful Parish Church of which village has just been restored, and which was indeed re-opened on Michaelmas Day.

On Thursday next the Rev. E. S. Marshall, O.M., Assistant Curate of Tottenham, will give some account of his recent visit to America, and the lecture will be illustrated by magic lantern slides.

Art Society.

There was a Field Day on Michaelmas Day; a party of 26 drove to Wanborough, which lies under the junction of the Liddington and White Horse ranges, and has a church with a tower at the west end, and a spire in the middle. There are only three instances of this curious mixture in England; one of the other two is at Purton, not far from Swindon. There the sketchers were left, while the rest walked up to Liddington Castle.

The first meeting was held on Thursday, Oct. 2. Holiday work was exhibited by Mavrogordato and Horton-Smith; Mr. Baker also lent his sketches, and the President showed an oil painting by Abraham Stork, and read a small poem written in the holidays.

Then Mr. Lloyd read a paper upon "Musical Instruments of the American Indians," of which he had provided many illustrations from various Museums. The instruments were genuinely original contrivances in use before contact with European civilisation, chiefly among the Aztecs in Mexico and the Peruvians. Pipes and flutes, and whistles of pottery or bone, sometimes grotesquely carved or modelled to represent the human figure, were found, especially in graves, and produced four or five tones; these were sometimes employed in human sacrifices, the victim being previously instructed in the art of playing, so that the practice of music must have needed devotion even in those days. A singular instrument called the "Juruparis was regarded with great veneration and jealously guarded. They had also curious wooden drums, which were used in warfare, and on other festive occasions.

On the 2nd meeting (Oct. 9th, 1884), Mr. Lloyd exhibited the work he had been engaged upon during the holidays. Besides many water-colours, there were two sea-pieces in oil; one large picture was suggested by the "Wreck of the Hesperus;'

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a drowned girl, lashed to a broken mast, lies upon the sand in the foreground; behind the sea is tossing with the after-swell of the night's storm. Then Mr. A. D. Innes (O.M.) read a very thoughtful paper on two American novelists, Hawthorne and Howells, in which the peculiar genius of Hawthorne was sympathetically delineated and illustrated by extracts from his writings, while the claims of the latter to rank as a first-rate novelist were warmly disputed and his pet theory that "plots have had their day" shown to have exercised a fatal influence on his own compositions. After some words from the President, the Master, who was present, expressed his hearty concurrence with the views put forward by the lecturer.

The next paper will be on Nov. 13th, when Mr. "Less known and Doubtful Thompson will read on Plays of Shakespeare."-On Wednesday, October 29th, there will be an exhibition of pictures. A circular has been sent round to various Old Marlburian artists asking for the loan of drawings, pictures, and sculptures, so that the exhibition will have a very special and peculiar interest. As the President (L. E. Upcott) is not sure that he has the names of all O.M. Artists, he will be glad to receive information from any quarters, and will send copies of the circular to any whose names are forwarded to him. He gratefully acknowledges the promises of help which he has already received.

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PHRENOLOGY.

NOVEMBER 5TH, 1884.

WE are all of us to a certain extent Phrenologists. We all believe that a certain mould of head denotes strong reasoning powers, that another mould denotes shallow intellect, another villainous propensities, and so forth. We all know the old story of a visitor at a Museum who was examining a skull, said to be that of Cromwell; noticing it was rather small, he remarked to the attendant that he would have expected a man of powerful intellect like Cromwell to have had a large skull. Yes, sir,' was the ready answer, but that is his skull when he was a child.' Evidently these two men had some belief in Phrenology. But we doubt if there are many who would pin their faith to the wonderful system elaborated by Drs. Gall, Spurzheim and others towards the beginning of this century. Most of our readers must have seen at some time or other those diabolical-looking plaster heads mapped out into territories, which are assigned to the different faculties of the mind. These are the results of the studies of these remarkable men, who claim to have discovered in fifty years more about that most difficult branch of physiology, the connection of the human mind with the body, than the united efforts of generations of physiologists during two

PRICE 6d.

thousand years have effected for any other organ of the body.

Phrenology is, in the words of Dr. Spurzheim, the doctrine of the special faculties of the mind, and of the relations between their manifestations and the body, particularly the brain. Spurzheim in his system divides the mind into no less than thirty-five distinct faculties: the division is supposed to be made on seven principles, which are delightfully vague and wonderfully unintelligible. We do not intend to examine at length the truth of the supposition that the brain is divided into various organs: a supposition wholly unsupported by anatomical investigations, and rendered most unlikely by the fact that parts of the brain have been destroyed without affecting any of the faculties of the mind. We pass on to the details, which are amusingly absurd, and more likely to interest.

An ordinary person might have supposed that there was a certain innate disposition to show kindness, which he might have called Benevolence: and that this Benevolence manifested itself in different forms according to a man's education and If he were in a large surrounding circumstances.

household swarming with squalling children of an unpleasant temper he would naturally not show any particular love for children, but would rather incline

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take care of them while the male deserts them

altogether. Thus it is evident that the faculty exists in one kind of animal and not in another, and also that it varies in sexes of the same species. Therefore it is a primary faculty. Of course if this is so we should expect to find the brain developed in a corresponding manner in the lower animals. But here the Phrenologist is altogether at fault. In the lower animals he can find no corresponding development: and though he eagerly grasps at anything which seems to support his theory, as for instance in the determination of the seat of Constructiveness by comparison of the heads of the rabbit and the hare, yet in most cases he is forced to insist on the necessity of comparing only individuals of the same species, man. We might with equal reason give the name of a primary faculty to love of parents, which is just as distinguishing as that of children, and assign a small part of the skull to Philopregenitorness, and another part to love of ancient maiden aunts.

It used to be the common belief that men had a faculty called Memory: which showed itself in various ways according to the circumstances in which it was placed. For instance, in princes it shows itself by an aptness in recognising faces, in foresters by a quickness in remembering paths through woods, in shepherds by an ability to distinguish their own sheep. This, it appears, is quite wrong. There is no such faculty as Memory; but there is a faculty by which we remember places (Locality), another by which we remember languages (Language), another by which we remember individuals (Individuality), another by which we remember events and history (Eventuality). If this system of phrenology is true, we should have not 35 but 3500 faculties. Every little eccentricity would be honoured by the name of faculty.

Acquisitiveness ought to be divided into numberless faculties: one for picking up pieces of orange peel, another for collecting stamps, another for collecting post marks, in fact faculties for every imaginable peculiarity. If there was a projection on the head corresponding to each, what an extraordinary appearance the heads of some eccentric persons would present!

The absurdity of the methods by which the situation of the various organs was determined will be enough to convince most people that this so-called science should be looked on with great distrust. This is the way in which Dr. Gall determined the seat of Combativeness. Calling in some street urchins he tried to make them fight, and noticed which were pugnacious and which the reverse. Then, after a comparison of their skulls, he assigned a portion of the vacant territory of the skull to Combativeness. Phrenologists seem to take it for granted that when a faculty is in a state of activity, the individual must make motions and gestures in the line or direction of its external organ. This is the test of the truth of their system. The test evidently cannot be applied in the case of the faculties which have their seat in the anterior parts of the head, as, since we naturally see and walk and bend in that direction, it would be impossible to detect how much of the motion was due to natural and physical causes, and how much to the activity of the intellectual organs. With regard to those that are placed laterally, as they are in pairs, one on each side of the head, we might naturally suppose their activity would produce a peculiar sort of oscillation, resembling the motion of a pendulum:; but as it is possible that they may exactly counterbalance and neutralize each other in this respect, we shall not insist on the necessity of such mental states as hope, combativeness, destructiveness, producing this side shake of the head. The test, then, can ̧ only be applied in the case of those faculties which have their seat at the back of the head. These are, six in number and fortunately of such a kind that their

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activity can easily be distinguished. They are-1, love of women; 2, love of children is 3, love of fame; 4, pride; 5, constancy of affec tion; and 6, caution or cowardice.

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Now has it ever been observed that when a man exhibits of these faculties he moves his head backwards? Does a man when he is fondling his children project the

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