17. A bust by Mr Wm. BRODIE, R.S.A., in the Exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1881, was bought by Mr John Leng, Kinbrae, Newport, the price being £150.

18. The latest portraits are nine or ten water-colour sketches from life by Mrs ALLINGHAM, done about two years ago. The artist, having the privilege of sitting frequently in his room, sketched him reading, smoking, sleeping, &c., and Carlyle pronounced the likenesses to be highly successful. They will probably be exhibited in the course of the season (1881).

ETCHINGS.-A series of etchings have for some time been in process of execution by Mr Howard Helmick. They are reproductions of authentic and unpublished portraits and sketches in the possession of the family; and, covering a period of about fifty years, they show Carlyle in the more intimate aspects of his home life-at ease in his garden and at work in his study. These etchings, six in number, will be issued by the Etchers' Society.

PHOTOGRAPHS.-For many years we have been so familiar with the photographs of Carlyle-of which there has been a greater variety provided than in the case of any other man of our time, not excepting even Mr Gladstone or Lord Beaconsfield-that it is surprising to be told that a considerable period elapsed before he could be induced to sit to a photographer. At first he professed a superlative contempt for the new art, but by and by saw reason to change his mind. When the Critic published a bibliographical memoir of Carlyle in 1859, he declined to assist them to the use of a good portrait; whereupon they published a shocking caricature, though they described it as a characteristic likeness, "the attitude in which he stands being one which his friends will recognise as that in which he will sometimes

The Portraits of Carlyle.

395 remain for hours, when earnestly engaged in the discussion of some absorbing question "—a statement as far from the truth as the portrait. Many of the photographs have been striking and powerful-some, indeed, painfully so. One of the most faithful likenesses is that taken by Mr Charles Watkins, of 34 Parliament Street, London, in which Carlyle is represented with his broad-brimmed felt hat on his head, casting the upper part of the face into shadow. It was one of the portraits taken by Messrs Elliot & Fry, of Baker Street, that had the honour of being engraved for the initial volume of the people's edition of Carlyle's writings. In the October of 1862 an admirable photograph was taken by Mr Vernon Heath, an engraving from which appeared in the Illustrated London News, February 19, 1881. An additional interest attaches to this portrait on account of its having been taken at the Grange, Lord Ashburton's place. Mr Heath writes: "Carlyle was then in the height of his vigour and power, and both he and his wife impressed me deeply. Towards the close of the week Bishop Wilberforce joined the party. Just think what it was to hear Carlyle and the Bishop in argument !—and that was my good fortune. There was one wet morning we amused ourselves with my camera, and it was then this portrait was taken." In 1874, on his visit to Kirkcaldy, in Fifeshire, Carlyle sat to Mr Patrick, of that town, who succeeded in producing a set of four (different positions) that were thought by Carlyle himself to be very successful. There is a strikingly faithful photograph taken in 1876 by F. Bruckmann, of 11 King Street, Covent Garden. A capital engraving from one of the photographs of Elliott & Fry appeared in the Graphic of April 30, 1870. It is a profile, and reproduces with admirable effect the keen-searching, sceptical, half-contemptuous and yet most pathetic weary look, which was probably the most habitual with its subject. A good portrait was published upwards of a dozen years ago in the Illustrated London News.

II. THE CARLYLE FAMILY.

Of the father of Carlyle we have received an anecdote that helps to confirm the view of the old man given in our second chapter. After the death, in his eighty-second year, of the Rev. John Johnston, the Burgher minister of Ecclefechan, which took place May 28, 1812, there was considerable difficulty in procuring a successor. The congregation first called Mr John M'Kerrow, but the Synod appointed him to Bridge of Teith. Then they called Mr Robert Balmer, but he was sent to Berwick. Next, Mr Andrew Hay, who declined the call, and never got another. The fourth preacher called was a Mr B, who was appointed by the Synod to East Campbell Street, Glasgow. During the negotiations with the last-named person, he had spoken a good deal about the stipend to be given, and contrasted the pecuniary provision offered by Ecclefechan-not to the advantage of the village -with what he could get in Glasgow. When this came out at a meeting of the Session, or of the Congregation, old Carlyle rose up, and, with a decisive sweep of his arm, said, "Let the hireling go!" His fellow-members at once acted on the advice. Our informant says this was a good proof of old Carlyle's insight into human character, as the minister he so summarily dismissed had a wide repute for being richly endowed with "saving knowledge," and worldly wisdom generally.

All Carlyle's brothers and sisters were distinguished by a decisive, strong character; and of his surviving brother James, we have heard more than one of his acquaintances remark that, with Thomas's education, he might have been another of the same. His words seem to have double power in his mouth, and were always "clenching" when aught was under discussion. It was he who received the striking eulogy from the old parish roadman at Ecclefechan. "Been a long time in this neighbourhood?" asked an American traveller

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397

"Been here a' ma

on the outlook for a sight of the sage. days, sir." Then you'll know the Carlyles?" "Weel that; a ken the whole o' them. There was, let me see," he said, leaning on his shovel and pondering, "there was Jock, he was a kind o' throughither sort o' chap, a doctor, but no a bad fellow Jock-he's deid, man.” "And there was Thomas?" said the inquirer eagerly. "Oh ay, of course, there's Tam-a useless munestruck chap that writes books and talks havers. Tam stays maistly up in London. There's naething in Tam. But man, there's Jamie owre in the Newlands-there's a chap for ye. He's the man o' that family! Jamie tak's mair swine into Ecclefechan markets than ony ither farmer in the parish!"

Carlyle is survived by many near relatives, the most of whom are still resident in their native country, though others have emigrated to Canada, where more than one nephew has risen to a position of professional distinction. A nephew now farms Craigenputtoch, though he does not occupy the house where Sartor was written, being obliged to reside elsewhere, to be near schools for his children. In the mean time, the house is given up to a shepherd. Of all the members of his family, perhaps the one who most closely resembled Carlyle is his sister, Mrs Aitken, of Dumfries, the mother of the young lady who for so many years acted as the housekeeper of her uncle. We have heard Mrs Aitken described by those who are privileged with her acquaintance as a lady of remarkable intellectual power and a most brilliant conversationalist, with quaint, bright forms of expression akin to those that lighten up the books of her illustrious brother. In addition to translating Dante's Inferno, Dr John Carlyle wrote several articles for the Edinburgh Review and other periodicals.

The name Carlyle is pronounced "Keryl” in Annandale. We have stated in the first chapter that Carlyle took a warm interest in the genealogy of his House. A reference to his

genealogical inquiries will be found in Sartor Resartus, where we are told that Teufelsdröckh had written "long historical inquiries into the genealogy of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the Fowler : the whole of which we pass over, not without silent astonishment." He was unquestionably proud of his name and ancestry. "For indeed," he says, "as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost all, in Names. The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the earth-visiting ME: to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously (for there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the very skin.”

III.—DAVID HOPE OF GLASGOW.

The late Mr David Hope, merchant, Glasgow, who died an old bachelor, had a fine collection of letters written to him by Carlyle when they were young men. Mr. Hope was a nephew of the old rector of the "Hinterschlag Academy" at Annan, and he and young Teufelsdröckh were great friends. Carlyle always made Hope's house in Windsor Place his home when he was in Glasgow. A friend, who once saw some of the letters, remembers that one had been written from the Highlands, where Carlyle was sojourning with a pupil. The closing passage of the epistle was an urgent cry: "Send the Tobacco, or there will be a famine in the land. We shall be obliged to use the coltsfoot leaves if you don't see to it. I am still the old complaining man, you see. 'Why should a living man complain?' Simply because he's a fool."