The Cod. Bezz, it may be observed, and the others just alluded to, are written much alike; not only in Initial letters, but without breathings, accents, iotas ascript or subscript, or any system of stops, whatever a point occasionally introduced may mean. It will be seen, that our Editor omits with the most ancient Gr. MSS. the acute and grave accents, but uses the circumflex; that he introduces the iota subscript, which these MSS. do not use; that he adopts a regular system of stopping; and that his digamma more than answers all the purposes of the breathings.

With respect to accents, it is most true that the ancient Greeks read by accent: and, indeed, all nations must read by accent; the sounds of the human voice being like the keys of a musical instrument, where, as one tone rises, the other falls; and vice versa. But the accentual marks are of modern invention: the time of their introduction was about the seventh century; and the dispute about them much resembles that which relates to the Hebrew points. Though a use they certainly have, the adoption of them is arbitrary. But we submit, whether as Mr. K. omits the acute and grave accents, he ought not, to preserve uniformity and consistency, to have omitted likewise the circumflex; that being, as he well knew, the mere union of the two accents thus (^), till it took a more circular shape (") and then a more serpentine one, as now more generally used. Mr. Porson uses the circumflex, and very consistently; for, though perhaps he over-rated the accentual marks, as he uses the acute and grave, he naturally enough uses also the circumflex, together with the breathings and iota subscript. Mr. Wakefield, who perhaps under-rated accents, yet consistently also rejected the circumflex.

We are apt to confound quantity with accent. But with respect to the Greek pronunciation, it is certain that it combined in a very curious way accent with quantity, which perhaps it might not be difficult to explain, though we have lost the practice. Nor is it likely to be recovered by our wretched Grammar rules, showing something of the practice, but nothing of the rationale, of accents.

These hints are very cursorily made, and certainly in a matter, that is so discretional, not with a view to censure the practice of our learned Editor, but merely to exhibit it: and, with respect to the use of the circumflex, it answers a purpose in his particular case.

Since writing the article sent and missing, the author has perused "The Examination of the Primary Argument" of the

Iliad, by Granville Penn, Esq. 1821. The author has stated many objections to the opinions of Wolfe, Heyne, and Mr. K., relative to the late knowledge or prompt use of alphabetical writing among the Greeks. Yet there are some points relative to Homer, (in this question), on which Mr. K. seems rather to doubt, than to decide.

Mr. Porson too, while admitting the reading, learning, and extent of inquiry of Mr. K., as the author of the "Analytical Essay on the Greek Alphabet," yet finds difficulties in the way of believing every thing advanced by him on the digamma; and, among some other matters, the difficulty of erecting a system of language on the sole foundation of Homer's works. See Mr. Porson's Tracts and Miscellaneous Criticisms, p. 134.

Mr. Penn has stated his difficulties, certainly with some force, and not without some classical authorities ;-viz. the Trachiniæ of Sophocles, v. 161-2, and the Æneid of Virgil, Æn. iii. v. 286. 443. Æn. vi. v. 74, which he thinks the above learned editors had somewhat overlooked. But admitting that these passages relate to alphabetical writing, still it might be replied, that they speak agreeably to the practice of the times in which Sophocles and Virgil lived: in regard to those of Hercules and the Trojan war, the writers could only speak agreeably to the language of their own times, or more poetico; and a poetica licentia is no foundation for solid argument. This can be founded only on the genius of Homer's writings, historical facts, and analogical reasoning.

G. D.

A LIST

of Theological Works necessary for the studies of a young Divine.

Si me conjectura non fallit, totius Reformationis pars integerrima est in ANGLIA, ubi cum studio Veritatis viget studium Antiquitatis.

Isaaci Casaub. Epist. ad Salmas.

CANDIDATES for DEACONS' Orders should be thoroughly versed in the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles in the "Greek Testament;" and, for those of PRIESTS, in the Epistles in addition. If they can construe them into correct Latin, so much the better.

Both classes ought, likewise, to have a complete knowlege of the Old and New Testament narratives, the principal evidences of Christianity, and its fortunes from the death of its Divine Founder to its establishment under Constantine the Great; as likewise of the leading doctrines of the Church of England, its Reformation from Popery, and the chief tenets of the various English Dissenters; in many of which particulars Bishop Tomline's "Elements of Christian Theology" will be found of very important service. Dr. Doddridge's "Family Expositor" is, also, a work which ought to be frequently consulted.

I

To this should, farther, be added a perfect acquaintance with Grotius "De Veritate Religionis Christiane," and the power of translating with facility any of the Thirty-Nine Articles from English into Latin, and vice versa ; as well as of proving their authority by scriptural texts.

To occupy the Clergy after their Ordination, three Lists of books are subjoined, adapted (as it is, after much consideration, concluded) to their successive stages of theological proficiency. Many a well-disposed young Divine, it may be feared, for want of some such humble guide as is supplied by the First (not pressing too heavily upon either the intellect, or the purse) has gradually felt his purposes of virtuous industry give way, and afforded a melancholy illustration of the sentence of the Roman Historian, Invisa primo Desidia postremo amatur. If he render himself master of the First, it can hardly be doubted, that he will seize every opportunity of going on to the Second at least. The latter part of the Third will be, in every sense, of more arduous acquisition.

N. B. In several cases, the cheap and judicious Reprints of the Clarendon Press may be recommended in preference to other editions; but any of the editions will suffice. It will readily be perceived, that economy has been much consulted in forming the selection. It would have been easy to multiply volumes upon almost every one of its subdivisions.

AN EXAMINING CHAPLAIN.

'Mr. Valpy has recently published an accurate edition, with English Notes, in duod.

I.

D'OYLY'S and MANT'S Bible, 2 vols.

PARKHURST's Greek Lexicon.
ROBINSON'S Theological Dictionary.
GRAY'S Key to the Old Testament.
PERCY'S Key to the New Testament.

HORNE'S Introduction to the Study of the Scriptures, 4.
JENNINGS' Jewish Antiquities, 2.

WELLS' Geography of the Old and New Testament, 2.
TOMLINE'S Elements of Christian Theology, 2.
MOSHEIM'S Ecclesiastical History, by Maclaine, 5.
BURNET'S History of the Reformation Abridged.
SKELTON'S Deism Revealed, 2.

HOOKER'S Ecclesiastical Polity, 3.

PALEY'S Evidences of Christianity, 3.

NELSON'S Fasts and Feasts.

PALEY'S Hora Pauline.

SHEPHERD on the Common Prayer, 2.

PRIDEAUX'S Connexion of the Old and New Testament, 4.

NEWTON'S Dissertations on the Prophecies, 2.

CAMPBELL'S Dissertation on Miracles, 2.

SECKER'S Works, 4.

SHERLOCK'S Sermons, 5 in 3.

(RANDOLPH'S) Enchiridion Theologicum, 2. The Clergyman's Instructor (Clarendon Press.)

Assistant (Do.)

II.

Novum Testamentum, a VALPY, 3 vols.

Biblia Vulgata Editionis.

ROUTH Reliquiæ Sacra, 3.

SCHLEUSNERI Lexicon in Novum Testamentum, 4.
SCHMIDII Concordantia Graca, Novi Testamenti.

ELSLEY'S Annotations on the Gospels and Acts, 3.

SLADE'S Annotations on the Epistles, 2.

MACKNIGHT'S Harmony of the Gospels.

STILLINGFLEET's Origines Sacra.

SYLLOGE Confessionum sub tempus reformunda Ecclesia. PEARSON on the Creed.

BULLI Opera.

POTTER on Church-Government.

CAMPBELL on the Gospels, 4.

MACKNIGHT on the Epistles, 6.

BUTLER'S Analogy of Natural and Revealed Religion.
MAGEE on Atonement and Sacrifice, 3.
BEVERIDGE'S Thesaurus Theologicus, 4.

TRAPP on the Gospels.

BARROW'S Select Sermons.

BEAUSOBRE and L'ENFANT's Introduction to the N. T.

JORTIN on the Truth of the Christian Religion.

NOTT'S Bampton Lectures.

WATSON'S Theological Tracts, 6.

III.

1.

LXXII Virorum Versio (Clarendon Press), 6.

TROMMII Concordantia Græca Vers. LXXII.
BIEL Thesaurus Philologicus, 3.
SUICERI Thesaurus Ecclesiasticus, .

WETSTEIN Prolegomena in Novum Testamentum.
CAVE Ecclesiastica Historia Literaria, 2.
JONES on the Canon of the New Testament, 3.
LELAND'S View of the Deistical Writers, 2.
VAN MILDERT'S Sermons on Infidelity, 2.
BENNET'S Abridgment of the London Cases.
WARBURTON's Divine Legation of Moses, 3.

2.

WALTON'S Biblia Polyglotta, 6.
CASTELLI Lexicon, 2.

PARKHURST's Hebrew Lexicon.

SPENCER De Legibus Hebræorum, 2.

KENNICOTT Dissertatio Generalis.

HODIUS De Bibliorum Textibus Originalibus.

BYTHNER'S Lyra Prophetica.

GLASSII Philologia Sacra, by Dathe, 4 in 2.

FABRICII Lux Salutaris Evangelii.

LIGHTFOOT's Works, 2.

LOWTH De Sacra Poësi Hebræorum, by Michaëlis, 2.

MICHAELIS' Introduction to the N. T., by Marsh, 6 in 4.

F. R. S.