Cimon. A part of the southern wall, where the profile is not less than sixty feet in height, appears in particular to consist almost entirely of the ancient Cimonian work; and the centre of the northern side still bears the strongest evidence of that haste with which Thucydides describes the fortifications of Athens to have been restored after the Persian war, when the Athenians having returned to the city upon the departure of the Barbarians, found nothing left but a small part of the walls, and some of the houses which had been occupied by the Persian Grandees. By the counsel of Themistocles they instantly set about rebuilding their fortifications, and completed the lower part during the intentional delays of an embassy to Sparta, which Themistocles devised and conducted in person. The work,' says Thucydides, who wrote about forty years afterwards, bears marks of the haste with which it was constructed; for the foundations are built of stones of every shape and size, not fitted to one another; and the works are full of sepulchral columns, and of wrought stones, (from former buildings) united together.' About the middle of the northern wall, or exactly in that part which is most likely to have preserved a part of the work of Themistocles, several wrought stones are observed, which belonged to former buildings. The most conspicuous among them are a range of Doric triglyphs with plain metopes, and some entire courses of masonry, formed of the fragments of Doric columns, of proportions, corresponding to those of the architraves. Having with some difficulty mounted up to this part of the wall, I found the columns to be partly fluted, and partly plain; to have twenty flutings, and that the chord of the fluting (the only dimension which could be measured) was eleven inches and three tenths. As this was upon a part of the column not likely to be the lowest, it is probable that the columns were very nearly of the same diameter at the base, as those of the Parthenon, the flutings of which are 11′ 68 inches at the base. Such large dimensions could hardly have belonged to any other building than the old Hecatompedum, or Temple of Minerva, which was the predecessor of the new Hecatompedum, or Parthenon; and nothing appears more likely, than that Themistocles, in his hasty construction of the fortifications of the citadel, should have made use of the fragments of a temple which had recently been burnt and overthrown by the Persians, and whose ruins were so conveniently situated for his purpose.'

Throughout this work, by a continued and accurate reference to the highest classical authorities, and from the result of his own personal researches, Col. Leake not only illustrates the descriptions of Athens furnished by ancient writers, but in many instances corrects the erroneous opinions of Spon, Wheler, Stuart, Chandler and others; he also derives assistance from two rare coins of Athens, represented in the frontispiece:-one is preserved in the British Museum; the other in Mr. Payne Knight's most valuable collection;-a third coin, from the Royal Library at Paris, is likewise engraved in p. 428, and explained in one of the additional notes, which constitute a very interesting portion of this volume. In the Atlas are comprised a plan of Athens and its harbors with the surrounding country, and a plan of the Anti

quities of Athens, both from the actual survey of Col. Leake; also a plan of the Acropolis, wherein the measurements and plan of the Parthenon have been supplied by Mr. C. R. Cockerell; and a plan of the Propylæa-all these excellently engraved by Walker: then follows a beautiful View of the Acropolis, in its present state, showing the Parthenon, Dionysian Theatre, Olympium, &c. very neatly executed by W. Cooke, junior, from a drawing by Mr. Cockerell. Next is a Western View of the Acropolis restored, and after that an Elevation of the Northern Side, both by the same artist, from the admirable designs of Mr. Cockerell. The last plate represents the Eastern and Western pediments of the Parthenon, with their sculptured figures.Here we must close our very inadequate notice of this work, which is equally adapted to gratify and instruct the classical or antiquarian reader in his closet, as to conduct future travellers through the most interesting monuments of ancient Greece.

E. H. BARKERI AMENITATES CRITICE ET PHILOLOGICE.

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PARS IV. [Continued from No. LI. p. 167.]

1. DE PARTICULA Ný.

HAVE read with much satisfaction J. B. M.'s remarks" on the inseparable Negative Particle N," which appeared in Classical Journal 52, 390; and I reflect with real pleasure on the fact that the Article, which I had inserted in No. 51, 162-5, has induced your learned Correspondent to write those remarks. I now offer to his notice some additional matter on the same subject.

"Nnyários, Novus, Nuper factus. Est pro venyάTEOs, e νέος et γάτεος, pro γατος, ἃ γάω, quod idem ac γίνομαι. Vide supra. [Usus est hac voce Hom. Il. B. 42. uaλanòv d'Evduvs χιτῶνα, Καλὸν, νηγάτεον. Vide etiam Il. Ξ. 185. Hymn. in E. Apoll. 122. Etymologus M., Eustathius, Apollonius, Hesychius, Suidas, Schol. minora, uno quasi consensu, reddunt νέως κατεσκευασμένον, νεωστὶ γενόμενον. Addit Etym., quemadmodum a τείνω, τείνομαι, factum sit τατός, sic a γείνω

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* The Schol. Ven. say :-Νηγάτειν· ἢ ἀγέννητον, ἢ λεπτὸν, ἢ τὸ νεωστὶ γεγονὸς, νεο

γείνομαι ortum esse γατός : porro pro νεόγατος, vocali o in ή conversa, fieri venyaros, dein, è trajecto, myáτeos. Quod si tamen comparaveris alia, ab initio, cum syllaba "ŋ, composita, uti xepons, Non lucrosus, výxegos, Non habens cornua, νηπαθής, Carens dolore, νήπλεκτος, Incomtus, νήποινος, Impunis etc., videri queat, ŋ, tali in compositione, esse negativum a vn, (Ne Latinorum,) desumtum. Itaque rectius fortasse se habet aliorum sententia, a Suida commemorata, vocem νηγάτεος, κατὰ στέρησιν, esse τὸ μὴ γατὸν, id est, Quod non est factum s. elaboratum: nisi præplaceat, rò yaTéos, hac in compositione, idem esse quod χατέος, ο γάω, χάω, Hisco, ut myάTeos de vestimento cet. dictum, pp. sit Fissuris foraminibusve carens, pp. Non hiscens. E. S.]" Lennep. Etym. L. Gr., Traj. ad Rh. 1808. p. 451.

Scheide very justly rejects the derivation from véos, and it may be remarked that all the other compounds from this word contain either veo, or contractedly, ", as in Herodiani Epimer. p. 90. Νεήλης, ὁ νεωστὶ ἐλθών· νεαλὴς, ὁ ἐκ νέου ἀγρευθείς. « Basil. Νέιλις, ὁ νεωστὶ ἐλθων, scr. νέηλυς: Moschop. Νέκλυς, ὁ νεωστὶ ἐλθων, scr. νέηλυς : quod et ap. Νostrum reponi velim pro venλns." Boissonade.

"Observetur porro, præter literam istam a,' septem dari particulas in L. Gr., quæ significatum intendant vocum, quibus præfiguntur, sc. da, la, λa, ëpi, ägi, ßou, vn. Postremum illud sæpius et., æque atque a, est priv. Adnotentur pauca. 4poivòs, Cadis valde avidus, lánλoutos, Ditissimus, (qui et forma intensiva dicitur πλούταξ,) λάμαχος, Valde pugnar, ἐρίβρομος, Altifremens, ἀρίδηλος, Valde clarus, νήδυμος, Valde dulcis, vxUtos, Valde fusus. Apòs, Fames; Fames canina, morbus tristissimus, Bovλipía dicitur Medicis. Пaïs, Puer; Boúnais, Vægrandis puer.' Selecta e Schol. Valck. in N. T. 1. 312. 66 Νηστεύειν est a νῆστις, hoc autem contractum ex νὴ ἔστις, composito ex νὴ et ἐστὸς, quod ab ἤσται, 3 præt. pass. verbi veteris 8. Qui cruda vorabat, i wμà dav, vel ἔσθων, ὠμηστής Græce dicebatur, idque Bacchi fuit epith. Serpens pellem arrodens, ὁ δέρμα ἔδων, δερμηστής est ap. Harpocr." Idem ibid. 1, 469. See Etym. L. Gr. 454. where

γάτεόν τι ὂν, ἢ ὥσπερ παρὰ τὸ τείνω τατὸς, οὕτως γείνομαι γατὸς, νεήγατος, καὶ ὑπερθέσει τοῦ ε, νηγάτεος. Νηγάτεον· ἢ ἀγέννητον, ἢ λεπτὸν, ἢ νεήγατον, νεωστὶ γεγονότα. Cf. ad Il. Ξ. 185. Phot.: Νηγάτεον λεπτὸν, καινὸν, ἁπαλὸν, λευκὸν, εὐϋφές. With εὐϋφές, which must be restored to Suidas for quis, compare Étym. M. vevno μévov, Apollon. Lex. IŬ VEVNO μivov. See Schleusner. ad Phot.: vet. Schol. Apoll. Rh. 1, 775. vnyaτίησι καλύβησι· ταῖς νεοκατασκευάστοις, Schol. Par. ταῖς νεωστὶ κατεσκευασμέναις. See Barker's Aristarchus Anti-Blomf. 43.

Scheide produces these words of Valck. :-"Contracta fuit vox ex, vocula negante, et oris, quod ab eow. Sic Immisericors, ex vocula vn et λeos, contracte mans dicebatur. Puer, qui nondum fari potest, non-fans vel infans, ex vn et ἔπος, Græcis dicitur νήπιος.” «Formam vocis σωληκόβρωτος quod attinet, eadem compositione ligna a vermibus, quos Tarmites vocant Latini, vel Cossos, erosa pinóßрwтα Græcis vocantur. Hesych. in hac voce, Lacedæmonii,' inquit, • loco annulorum signatoriorum utebantur ξύλοις ὑπὸ σητών Beßpwuevos. Dicebantur ista aliis pideσta, quod idem significat; ab eo enim ortum deσròs idem notat, ac a ßpoxa factum ßpwrós." Selecta e Schol. Valck. in N. T. 1, 495. "Græcos cum omni copia sua vocabulum non habere, quo Infantem exprimant; infantem enim, vulgo radiov, propr.

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o dicebant. Contractum illud ex vocula negante vn, Ne, et ἔπιος quod ab ἔπος, s. ἔπω, unde εἴπω, Dico, Loquor, Νήσ os itaque ex origine est Non loquens, Non fans, s. Infans. Vetus Lat. Fo Gr. est pa, contractum ex páw, unde et pnpl. Olim plene Romani dicebant pueros infantes, et sic Lucil. ap. Non. Marc. p. 56. Alludit originem Auctor Axiochi Socraticus p. 134. ubi rò výπiov, inquit, primum xλαíɛı, λαλñσαι οὔπω δυνάμενον. Illinc explicandus versus Empedoclis a Clem. Alex. Str. 3. p. 516. servatus, Kλauσá тe xaì núnvoq idáváσvvýleα Xãgov, Deflevi et luxi insolitum cernens miser orbem.” Idem ibid. 2, 440. "In voce vwlpòs, Segnem significante, litera excidit; composita enim vox ex vel vè, particula negante, et gès, quod ab w, Pello, Trudo. Usus voluit ut Segnis, Tardus, qui non sineret se propelli aut protrudi, valgos diceretur. Similis contractio est in vocibus, cum eadem particula compositis, vados, Edentulus, (ex vn et odoùs,) νώδυνος, Dolore vacuus, (ex ή et ὤδυνος, unde ὀδύνη,) νήλιπος, Non calceatus, (ex ή et ἤλιπος,) νήπιος, νηλεής et rell.” Idem ibid. 2, 491. See Lennep. Etym. L. Gr. 464.:-" Nw0pos ortum est ab alpòs, præfixa litera N, quæ in variis compp. idem valet ac litera à ap. Græcos, et modo vim privandi, modo vim intendendi habet. Ita a nomine doùs, Dens, formata vox νωδός Dentibus privatum notat. Contra ab ήδυμος, Dulcis, viduos notat Perdulcem. Ad hanc rationem vagos pp. diceretur Is, qui usque impellendus est, adeoque Segnis, Tardus, quemadmodum ab Hesychio redditur ßpadús.”

Νωθρός

J. B. M. has judiciously commented on Professor Dunbar's remark that ἀνήκεστος is improperly written for ἀνάκεστος, being compounded of a privative and axéopa. The negative particle has as easily given birth to in the present in

stance, as it does to @ in νωδός, νωθρός, and similar words. According to Valck. a before e is changed into ή in δερμηστής ὁ δέρμα ἔδων, ώμηστὴς ὁ ὠμὰ ἔδων, and o before e becomes ή in θριπήδεστος. I add that : before o becomes @ in ἀμφώδων, which occurs ap. Lycophr. 1401. for the more common form ἀμφόδους.

Νητρεκὴς, i. q. ἀτρεκής, Verus. Videndum est autem an dici possit νητρεκής sonare quasi νηατρικής, particula vn augendi vim habente, sicut et in aliis quibusdam compp.: ex quibus est Νήχυτος. Hoc enim nomine νήχυτος declaratur δαψίλεια κύματος, a Dionysio P. (126.) ubi κολπος νήχυτος ab eo vocatur. (Estque obiter animadvertendus hic voculæ usus. Alioqui enim plerumque non intendendi, sed privandi vim habet, ut videmus in Νηλεης, in Νηκερδής, in Νήκεστος, in Νήριθμος, aliisque quamplurimis.) Videndum est, inquam, an μητρικής dicendum sit sonare quasi νηατρικής, an potius eadem illi, quæ et præcedenti 'Ατρεκής etymologia tribuenda sit. Νητρικώς, Vere, Certo, Lycophr. initio suæ Alexandræ, Λέξω τὰ πάντα νητρεκῶς ἃ μὲ ἱστορεῖς, ubi Tzetz., postquam νητρικῶς exposuit ἀληθῶς, subjungit, derivari a m privativa particula, et τρέω, quod significat φοβοῦμαι, quoniam qui vera loquuntur, non verentur reprehensionem, sicut ii qui mentiuntur. Hoc autem etymum non dubium est, quin itidem præcedenti 'Ατρεχής convenire possit, quantum ad derivationem a v. τρέω attinet: ut videlicet ἀτρεκής, sit ex a priv. et ν.τρέω: sicut νητρικής est ex particula vn, privandi vim habente, et v. τρέω. Quod etymum lubentius dederim nomini ἀτρεκὴς, quam reliqua, quæ allata ante fuerunt; sed ratio etymi, quæ hic affertur, magis mihi placet, quam quæ allata fuit. Addendum autem hoc esset, ut årgexn's, sequendo illud etymum, dicitur quasi ἀτρεής: sic μητρικής quasi νητρεής. Ac profecto inveniuntur et alia compp. idem significantia, quorum unum a priv., alterum particulam vn habet. At νητρικής dici quasi

' Eust. ad h. 1. : Ὅτι ὥσπερ τὸ α ποτὲ μὲν στερεῖ, ποτὲ δὲ ἐπιτείνει, οὕτω καὶ τὸ νή· τὸ μὲν γὰρ νηλεὴς ἐλεοῦ δηλοί στέρησιν, τὸ δὲ νήχυτος κόλπος δαψίλειαν κύματος. Et ad Il. p. 163, 28. Καὶ ὅτι νήδυμος ὕπνος, ὁ βαθὺς καὶ ἀνέκδυτος, ἤτοι ὃν οὐ δύναταί τις ῥᾳδίως ἀποδύσασθαι, καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ δύω δύμος, καὶ μετὰ τῆς νη στερήσεως, νήδυμος ἄγαν δύνων, παρὰ τὸ νη ἐπιτατικὸν, καὶ τὸ δύω· ἔστι γὰρ ἐπίτασις καὶ διὰ τοῦ νη, ὡς δηλοῖ τὸ, πόντος νήχυτος : 779, 45. Ότι δὲ τὸ νη καὶ ἐπίτασιν δηλοῖ καὶ στέρησιν, δεδή λωται καὶ ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Περιηγητοῦ. Εtym. Μ. Νή στερητικόν ἐστιν ἐπίῤῥημα, ὁρᾶται δὲ καὶ ἐπιτατικὸν, ὡς ἐν τῷ νηλὴς, νήνεμος, νήχυτον ὕδωρ, Φιλήτας. Καὶ, Μαράθου δὲ νήσ χυτος ὅρπηξ. "Tam Meurs. ad Hesych. de Viris Claris p. 216. (Opp. 7, 299.) quam Kayser. ad Philetæ Fragmm. p. 66. verba, Κ. μ. δ. ν. ὅρπηξ, putarunt esse Philetæ, non videntes metrum repugnare. Sed cum Sylb. ita potius in Etym. loco et distinguendum et leg. est : Νήχυτον ὕδωρ, Φιλήτας. Και,—μαράθου δέ ἡ νήχυτος ὅρπηξ. Hæc enim sunt Nicandri Θ. 33., sed ». ὕδωρ est Philetæ. Sturzius.