ESTANCIAS, a curacy of the province and corregimiento of Huamuchuco in Peru, which contains 28 churches, dispersed and divided into four chapels of case, in the settlements of Millepata, Turubamba, Marcabal, and Chuquisongo. ESTANCILLA, a small river of the kingdom of Chile. It runs s. forming a curve, and enters the Valdivia. [ESTANIOLADO, SAN, a settlement of Indians of the province and government of Paraguay, in lat. 24° 38′ 31" s. Long, 56° 36′ 15′′ w.] ESTANISLAO, SAN, DE OTANAVIS, a settlement of the missions which were held by the regulars of the company of Jesuits in the province and government of Mainas, of the kingdom of Quito; situate on the shore of the river Aguarico. ESTANISLAO, another settlement, in the province and government of Cartagena; situate on the shore of the canal of the Dike, between the settlements of Majates and Santa Catalina. ESTANISLAO, another, in the province of California, on the sea-shore, and in the interior of the gulf. ESTANISLAO, another, of the missions which were held by the regulars of the company of Jesuits in the province and government of Sonora. ESTANGUES, a settlement of the province and government of Maracaibo, in the jurisdiction of Grita; situate in the road which leads from Mérida to the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. ESTAPA, or ESTAPE, a city of the province of Tabasco in Nueva España; situate on the river of the same name, according to William Dampier, who also says that it is a place of great traffic, and by nature so well fortified, that Captain Hewit, who attacked it with 200 Buccaniers or adventurers, could make no impression upon it. ESTAPACHA, a river of the province and government of Louisiana. It rises in the territory of the Yasons Indians, runs s. and then turns e. [ESTAPO, a strong town in New Spain, inhabited by Spaniards and native Americans; situate at the mouth of the river Tlaluc. Lat. 17° 30' n. Long. 103° 5' w.] ESTARCA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Chicas and Tarija in Peru, of the district of the former; annexed to the curacy of Talina. ESTATLAN, a small settlement or ward of the alcaldía mayor of Guauchinango in Nueva España; annexed to the curacy of that of Pahuatlán. ESTECO, or NUESTRA SENORA DE TALAVERA, a city of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru, founded by Diego de Heredia, in 1576, on a fertile, pleasant, and well-watered plain, covered with woods and pastures, on the shore of the river Salado. It was formerly very populous and of great commerce, but in 1692 was entirely destroyed by an earthquake; when the earth opening at various parts, and vomiting up various floods of water, which inundated the whole territory, nothing remained in the town but the gallows, which still stood in its place unmoved, looking, as it were, an emblem of justice. The natives of this province assert that this calamity came upon them from the prevalence of vice, pride, and scandalous living. Many, who fled from the impending ruin, met their death at the hands of the infidel Indians, who taking advantage of the general distress, butchered them in a shocking manner; others fled to the city of Santa Fé and to Santiago: and from the horror that this deluge occasioned, never has there been a person anxious to engage in the rebuilding of this city, notwithstanding that in its vicinity there are some estates and farms of grazing and cultivated lands. This city was 40 leagues to the n. w. of that of Santiago del Estero, ESTEPEQUE, a settlement of the province and alcaldía mayor of Chiapa in the kingdom of Guatemala. ESTERO, SANTIAGO DEL, a small city of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru; founded by Francisco Aguirre, in 1562, on the w. shore of the river Dulce, which fertilizes its fields. It is of a hot temperature, but very healthy. In it was the Episcopal see from the time of its foundation until 1690, when the same was translated to the capital of Córdoba. It has a parish with three curacies, and three convents of monks of the orders of San Francisco, Santo Domingo, and La Merced; also a college which belonged to the regulars of the company of Jesuits. Its natives are famous for their manufactures of carpets, and a small trade is carried on in these articles. They are so valorous as always hitherto to have kept in check the Indians of the province of Chaco, with whom they are at present in amity. San Francisco Solano abode some years in this city; and in the convent are still to be seen some oranges which were planted by him, as also a cotton vestment in which he used to say mass, relics held in just veneration by the inhabitants. [It is about 226 miles s. from Salta, on the great road from that city to Buenos Ayres, and about 480 miles from the latter. Lat 27° 54' s. Long. 63° 19' .] ESTERO, a river of the province and government of Darien, in the kingdom of Tierra Firme, It rises in the mountains of the n. part, and enters the sea at the gulf of Tucumari or Atrato, near cape Tiburón. ESTERO, another, a small river of the island of St. Domingo, in the French possessions. It runs in the w. head from w. to s. s. e. and enters the sea between the port of John Roger and the river of Rollona. ESTERO, another, which is also a small river of the same island as the former, at the e. head. It enters the sea in the great bay of Samaná, near the port of San Lorenzo or St. Lawrence. ESTERO, another, of the province and government of Tucumán. See CHOROMOROS. ESTEROS, a name given in America to the canals of sea-water which run some leagues inland. There are many of these in the provinces of Guayaquil, Panamá, and Cartagena. The most noted are, In Guayaquil, Estero del Morro, Estero Quemado, Estero del Pan, Estero Bravo, Estero de Mandinga, Estero de Balzas, Estero de Manglares, Estero de Hostiones, Estero Viejo (or Old), Estero Salado, Estero del Rey, Estero de S. Juan Baptista, Estero de Salinas, Estero del Bucy, Estero de Lagartos, Estero de Santa Lucia, Estero de Chuchos, Estero del Zambo. In Panamá, Estero del Rey, Estero de Pacheco, In Cartagena, Estero de Patos, Estero de Mercaderes, Estero de la Punta, Estero de Juan, Estero Gallego, Estero de Gamé. ESTETELÁ, SANTA CATALINA DE, a settlement of the head settlement of Huixtepec, and alcaldía mayor of Ixquintepéc, in Nueva España; annexed to the curacy of this head settlement. It contains 34 families of Indians, and is three leagues between the e. and s. of the capital. ESTEVAN, S. a settlement of the head settlement and alcaldía mayor of Tetela Xonotla in Nueva España; being three leagues to the w. of the same. ESTEVAN, S. another, a small settlement or ward of the head settlement and alcaldia mayor of Guejozingo in the same kingdom. It contains nine families of Indians, and is subject to the settlement of S. Lorenzo Tlauzingo. ESTEVAN, S. another, of the head settlement and alcaldía mayor of Zapopan in the same kingdom, inhabited by some Mustees, Mulattoes, and Indians, who live by agriculture. ESTEVAN, S. another, of the province and government of Venezuela; situate near the lake Tacarigua, on the n. side, at a small distance from the city of Nirúa. ESTEVAN, S. another, of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru; situate on the shore of the river Salado. ESTEVAN, S. a river of the province and government of Buenos Ayres. It runs s. and enters the Rio Negro, near the mouth where this runs into the Paraná. ESTEVAN, S. a small island of the gulf of California, or Mar Roxo de Cortés; situate in the interior of it, and half-way between that coast and that of Nueva España. It is one of those islands which are called De Sal si Puedes. ESTHER Town, a city of the county of Lancaster, in the province and colony of Pennsylvania; situate on the e. of the bank of the river Susquehanna, 10 miles to the s. w. of Middletown, and 12 to the n. e. of Carlisle. ESTIQUE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Arica in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Taena. ESTOIVI, a settlement of Indians of N. Carolina; situate to the s. of the river Tugelo. ESTOTILAND, an imaginary country, which some authors suppose to have been discovered in 1477, by a native of Poland, named John Scalve; and that the same was part of the Land of Labrador. The fact is, that this country never had any existence but in the imaginations of the two brothers of the name of Zanis, Venetian noblemen, who had no particular information whatever respecting the expedition of this Polish adventurer; and that, in 1497, Juan Cabot or. Gabot left England, with three of his sons, under the commission of King Henry VII. when he discovered Newfoundland, and part of the immediate continent, where this country is supposed to exist. ESTRELLA, a settlement of the province and government of Antioquia in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate on the skirt of a mountain. ESTRELLA, a river of the province and government of Costarica in the kingdom of Guatemala. It runs nearly due w. and enters the S. sea between the rivers Higuerón and Cartago. ESTRELLA, another, a small river of the province and corregimiento of Patáz or Cajamarquilla in Peru. It rises in the territory of the Untucailis Indians, runs . and turning w. enters the Guallaga. ESTREMADURA, NUEVA. See COROPA, MANOA, DORADO. ESUNXAQUE, a settlement of the province and government of Maracaibo; situate to the s. of the city of Truxillo, and on the shore of a river which enters the Bocono. ETANG, GRAND, a bay of the coast of the river of S. Lawrence, in the province of New Brunswick, between the bay of the Small valley and the river St. Bernard. ETANG, another bay on the same coast, between cape Espoir and the point of the isles. ETECHIMINES, a nation of savage Indians, bounded by Acadia in N. America. See MALICITES, and ScOODICK. ETEN, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Saña, and bishopric of Truxillo, in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Chiclayo; situate on a sandy spot, where the cordilleras rise as though they were mountains of sand, the same being known by the name of medanos, as being shifted about by the wind; and it was on this account that the settlement was removed further inland, since it had been buried in the sand. In 1649, happened the well-authenticated prodigy of a beautiful child appearing in the tabernacle of the sacred host, which was seen by the whole set tlement. In its vicinity are two great uneven stones, which, being stricken by a small one, give forth the sound of a bell, the force of the blow causing no difference in the sound. ETEN, MORRO DE, a mountain on the coast of this province and corregimiento, in the vicinity of which are some abundant salt-earths. ETLA, S. PABLO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of Cuilapa, and alcaldía mayor of Quatro Villas, in Nueva España. It contains 84 families of Indians, who occupy themselves in the cultivating and selling of cochineal, seeds, fruits, coal, and bark of trees. It is four leagues to the n. w. of its head settlement. ETLA, another settlement, with the dedicatory title of S. Agustin, in the head settlement of Tlapacoya, of the same alcaldía mayor and kingdom; situate to the n. and being four leagues from its head settlement. It contains 35 families of Indians, who employ themselves in the cultivation and commerce of some cochineal, seeds, and fruits, and in cutting timber and woods. ETLA, another, with the dedicatory title of S. Miguel, in the same head settlement and alcaldía mayor. It contains 42 families of Indians, who cultivate the same fruits as the former; and it is somewhat more than two leagues and a half to the n. w. of its head settlement. ETUQUARILLO, a settlement and head settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Cinagua in Nueva España. Its population is scanty, since it is inhabited only by 17 families of Indians, employed in the cultivation of sugar-canes, of which honey and sugar are made. It is annexed to the curacy of Tauricato, and is 14 leagues to the e. of its capital. ETUQUARO, S. FRANCISCO DE, a settlement and head settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Valladolid, in the province and bishopric of Mechoacán, of the kingdom of Nueva España; situate in a glen formed by two mountains, "the one to the n. the other to the s. and through which runs a river, which fertilizes the whole country with its waters, and which are supplied, in a great measure, from two fountains which rise at a moderate distance from the spot. The town is so much reduced as to contain only 18 families of Indians; though it nevertheless has a convent of monks of S. Augustin, and some families of Spaniards and Mustees, all of whom are employed in cultivating fruits, making lime, and cutting wood. It is 10 leagues w. of its capital. ETZATLAN, a province and alcaldia mayor of Nueva España. EUCHI, a small river of the province and colony of Georgia, in N. America. It runs s. e. and enters the Apalachicola. EUCHI, a settlement of this province; situate on the shore of the former river. EUGENIO, S. a settlement of the province and government of Sonora in Nueva España; situate in the country of the Apaches Indians, on the banks of the source of the large river of Gila, between the settlements of S. Fernando and S. Pantaleon. EULALIA, S. a town and real of silver mines, of the province of Taraumara and kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya; situate on the e. part of that of S. Felipe de Chiguagua. The whole of its population consists of miners and labourers, and merchants who traffic in the silver. It lies at the beginning of the entrance to the other mines, and is the residence of a lieutenant of the alcaldía mayor. EUNZHA. See FUNZHA. EUPHALAU, a settlement of Indians of S. Carolina; situate at the source of the river Albama. EUPHASEE, a river of N. Carolina. It runs n. w. and enters the Cherokees, just after its falls, as far as which it is navigable. EUPHASEE, a settlement of the above province; situate on the shore of the former river, where the English have a fort. EUROPA, a river of the province of Nueva Andalucía. It flows from the mountains to the w. where dwells the nation of the Peritos Indians. It runs in a serpentine course towards the w. and after receiving the waters of the river Saynia, it enters the sea in the gulf of Paría. EUSTACE, EUSTACIA, or EUSTAQUIA, an island of the N. sea, immediately on the coast of Florida, also called De Massacre by the French, and Matanza by the Spaniards, from the slaughter which these made of the former when they dislodged them from it. It forms, with a point of land which runs out far into the sea, the entrance of the port of San Agustin: it is large and wide, and it has in it only one mountain, and this is about 20 miles in circumference. [EUSTATIA Town, in the island of Eustatia or Eustatius, in the Caribbean sea, in the West Indies. Lat. 17° 29' n. Long. 63° 5' w.] EUSTATIUS, or EUSTAQUIO, ST. an island of the N. sea, one of the Antilles, of the Caribes; situate in the Atlantic ocean, nine miles n. w. of that of St. Christopher's. It is the strongest, on account of its situation, and one of the finest and best cultivated islands belonging to the Dutch, and is somewhat larger than that of Sabá; it has a mountain in the form of a truncated pyramid, nearly round; and between it and the island of S. Christopher, is a narrow canal. Its principal production is tobacco, with which the whole of the circumference of the mountain is planted; the same being well fortified. It is inhabited by 5000 whites and 15,000 Negroes, who labour in the sugar manufactories; it has a tolerable port, defended by a fort mounting 16 guns; on the top of the mountain only is found any wood, and the whole of the other parts are cultivated. As here is neither river nor fountain, every house has a cistern for preserving a necessary supply of water, and which is replenished by a vessel which is constantly employed to go backwards and forwards to St. Chris topher's, for the purpose of procuring this necessary article. The inhabitants are famous for their breeds of pigs, rabbits, and all kinds of birds, not only for their own consumption, but for sale abroad. Throughout the whole island there is not more than one church, but there are many storehouses provided with all the necessary European supplies, which are sold at a very dear rate to the inhabitants of the other islands, when these fall short of their supplies from England or France. The climate is healthy, but exposed to terrible 1 thunder storms, tempests, earthquakes, and hurricanes; the latter occur most frequently during the months of August and September, and have often laid waste the houses and plantations, and destroyed the shipping: the birds are said to anticipate instinctively the occurrence of these dreadful phenomena, and to throw themselves upon the earth: the rain preceding them has a bitter, brackish taste. The Dutch took possession of this island in 1635, and the right of it was ceded by the states of this republic to some merchants of Flushing, who immediately established a colony of 600 families, amounting to about 16,000 souls. In 1665, it was taken by the English of Jamaica, but immediately recovered by the interposition and assistance of the French, when a garrison of these were formed in it, and it was at last yielded to its rightful owners by the treaty of Breda. It was again taken by the French in 1686, and from these by the English, under the command of Timothy Thornhill, in the same year, with the loss only of eight men, killed and wounded, notwithstanding that the fort was well garrisoned, and surrounded by a double and strong palisade and a deep ditch, over which was a pass by means of a bridge, so narrow as to admit only one person abreast. It was restored to the Dutch by the peace of Riswick, who for some time maintained it in peaceable possession; but in 1758 and 1759, there having been an attempt made to carry to France in their vessels French goods, on the account of the latter, it was construed by the British nation into an infraction of treaty, and many of the vessels, having been taken by the English, were by their court of admiralty declared lawful prizes. This island, like that of Curaçao, does the smuggling trade of the Spaniards. The English, under Admiral Rodney, again took it in 1781, when they pillaged it of immense wealth, but it was returned to the Dutch in the peace of 1783, [and once more, in 1810, came into the possession of the Eug lish. The official value of the imports and exports of St. Eustatia amounted, in 1810, to 15597.; the exports consisted of sugar of foreign plantation, to the amount of 1133 cwt. It is in lat. 17° 31′ n. and long. 63° 5' w.] EVANGELISTAS, islands of the S. sea; they are four, and lie at six leagues distance from eight others which are closer to the continent. The whole of the 12 go under one name, being called the Twelve Apostles; they lie near the w. mouth of the straits of Magellan; they are all barren and desert. In some of the Dutch geographical charts they are named Sugar Islands. EVANS, a settlement of the island of Barbadoes; situate towards the s. [EVANSHAM, the capital of Wythe county, in Virginia, is situated on the e. side of Reedy creek, which falls into the Great Kanhaway, Woods, or New river. It contains a court-house, gaol, and about 25 houses; 30 miles w. by s. of Christianburg, 170 in a like direction from Richmond.] [EVESHAM, a township in Burlington county, New Jersey; situated between the forks of Moore's creek, which runs n. w. to Delaware river. It is seven miles e. of Haddonfield, 16 e. of Philadelphia, and 25 s. of Burlington. Here is an Indian settlement called Edge Pittick, a tract of land reserved by the ancient natives. They have some hundreds of acres of improved lands, about 30 houses, and a meeting-house; they formerly had a minister of their own order, who at times officiated in the Indian language.] EXALTACION, River of, in the province and country of the Amazonas. It rises from the lake of Rongagualo, runs e. and enters in a large stream into the Mamoré: on its shores, on the n. part, dwell the Mobimas, Cabivas, and Tibois Indians, famous for their large heads. EXALTACION, a settlement of the province and government of Moxos in the kingdom of Quito; situate on the shore of the river Mamoré. EXEAQUIL, ANCON DE, a mountain of the coast of the straits of Magellan, at the entrance of the narrow pass of the Passage. [EXETER, a post-town in Rockingham county, New Hampshire, and next to Portsmouth, the most considerable sea-port town in the state. It is situated at the head of navigation on Swamscot or Exeter river, a branch of the Piscataqua, 15 miles s. w. of Portsmouth, and a like distance n. w. of Newburyport, in Essex county, Massachusetts: the tide rises here 11 feet. It is well situated for a manufacturing town, and has already aduck manufactory in its infancy, six saw-mills, a fulling-mill, slitting-mill, paper-mill, snuff-mill, two chocolate and ten grist mills, iron works, and two printing-offices; the saddlery business is carried on here to greater extent than in any town on this side Philadelphia. Before the revolution, ship-building was a profitable business, and the vessels were employed in the W. India trade: notwithstanding the loss of this market, there are four or five vessels, of different burden, built here annually, the river being capable of floating down those of 500 tons; an equal number is also employed in the foreign trade, chiefly to the W. Indies. The situation of this place bids fair for extensive population. The public edifices are two Congregational churches, an elegant building appropriated for the academy, a handsome and capacious court-house, and a gaol. The public offices of the state are kept here at present. Besides the celebrated Exeter academy, there are here an English school, and six or eight private schools, chiefly for females. This township is of irregular figure, and about four miles square. It was incorporated in 1638; prior to which, it had the name of Swamscot Falls, from the falls of the river, which separate the fresh from the tide water, where the body of the town is situated, chiefly on the w. side of the river. The number of inhabitants in 1775 was 1741, and in 1790, 1722. It lies 54 miles n. of Boston, and 402 n. e. of Philadelphia. Lat. 42° 56' n. Long. 71° w. "Phillips Exeter Academy" was founded and endowed by the Honourable John Phillips, LL. D. of Exeter, and incorporated by act of assemby in 1781: it is a very respectable and useful institu tion, under the inspection of a board of trustees, and the immediate government and instruction of a preceptor and an assistant: it has a fund of 15,000l. a part of which is in lands not yet productive: the present annual income is 4807.: it has commonly between 50 and 60 students. In 1794, a building was erected, 76 by 36 feet, two stories high, which in point of convenience, and perhaps elegance, is exceeded by few buildings of the kind in the United States.] [EXETER, the n. westernmost township in Washington county, Rhode Island state, has North Kingston on the e. and Voluntown in Connecticut on the w. The several branches of Wood river unite here, and take a s. course between Hopkinton and Richmond. It contains 2495 inhabitants, of whom 37 are slaves.] [EXETER, a township in Luzern county, Pennsylvania.] [EXETER, a town in New Hanover county, in Wilmington district, N. Carolina; situated on the n. e. branch of Cape Fear, about 26 miles n. from Wilmington, and 22 from the N. river.] EXTRARAY, a small river of the province and country of Las Amazonas. It runs nearly due e. and enters the Madera, opposite the Yamary. EXUMA, an island of the N. sea, one of the Bahamas; situate to the e. of the Great bank and to the w. of Long island, or Yumo. It is inhabited only by two families, notwithstanding that it is favoured more than any of the other islands here, as well for its fertility as for its anchorage in the straits which give it its title; the same serving, in time of distress, as an asylum to English ships. |