dictates of religion, or the laws of civil society. At this time, however, they appear to have made several attempts, but were as often drawn back to their idolatrous ways, and retired into their native mountains. They live by fishing and the chase, in which latter they are very dexterous, and extremely skilful in the use of the bow and arrow: their bows are made of a very strong but flexible kind of wood, called chonta; and their arrows of a species of light cane called viruli, the point being of fish-bones, or of the same chonta roasted or burnt. Their favourite food is the flesh of monkeys, and there are an incredible variety of these animals here. They are much addicted to inebriety and sensual gratifications; for the former, they make use of a kind of drink called mazato, which is a fermentation of maize and plantains: they go almost naked, and wear only a cloth which serves to cover them in front, and which they call panequiri. They all deck themselves for dress-ornaments with some small golden rings pendant from the nose, the gristle of which is bored for this purpose directly after their children are born: no less care is observed in cultivating the growth of the hair, and of permitting it to flow down unconfined. The women adorn both their legs and arms with strings of coral, beads of glass and of gold. The priests, who are called Leres, and to whom singular respect is shown, paint their faces of various colours, making incisions to insert the bitumen that they use, and which never leaves them, but renders them for ever after horrible and deformed. It has been affirmed by some that these priests have communication with the Devil, and that they are, upon this account, confirmed in their unnatural and beastly customs. The advantageous situation of this province, communicating as it does with the two seas, its fertility, were it cultivated, and its riches, have excited a desire amongst the English and the French of establishing themselves in it. The for mer effected this in 1699 in the port of Caledonia, from whence they were ejected by the Spaniards. These also began to establish themselves here in 1740, and first made the plantations of tobacco; but they were put to the sword in 1754 by the Indians, who were abetted by the English; these having given them arms, and instructed them in the use of the musket, so that they became as dexterous in the use of this weapon as in their bows and arrows. These Indians are at war with the Chocoes, keeping up an enmity which is handed down from father to son, and arising from the circumstance of the Indians of Darien having put to death a curate, who was held in high reverence by them, about the end of the last century; and from

that time, each of them carry a skull of an Indian of Darien, who has met his fate at their hands, out of which he regularly drinks. These animosities, together with the frequent ravages of the small-pox, may be considered the causes why their number has been much diminished. The enmity, likewise, which they manifest towards the Spaniards, is not less; for they rose against them in a body in 1719, committing incredible cruelties, until 1740, when a peace was entered into with them, by the Lieutenant-general D. Dionisio Martinez de la Vega, president, governor, and captain-general of the kingdom; the articles being, that they should forthwith be reduced to settlements, and that they should admit amongst them missionaries, who might instruct them in the Catholic religion. To effect this, the viceroy of Santa Fé, who was then Don Sebastian de Eslaba, sent two Jesuits of the province of Cartagena with a mission towards the n. part, namely, the fathers Salvador Grande and Pedro Fabro, and towards the s. the president of Panamá sent the fathers Matias Alvarez and Claudio Escobar, who with the greatest zeal formed the settlements of Morineca, Balzas, Tucuti, Chucunaque, Cupa, and Yabiza. But when they thought to have reaped the fruits of their labour, these Indians abandoned the settlements, returning to their errors of idolatry, and revisiting their native mountains. The fathers were indeed preserved in a miraculous manner, owing their lives to the information imparted to them by an old Indian woman. They became after this quite desperate as to the object of their wishes, and it was then proposed by an individual of some authority, that the Indians of Chocó should be for a time freed from the tribute, so that the Spaniards might in the mean time procure their extermination. This plan, however, was thought too cruel by the government, and consequently rejected. In the last year, 1786, their conquest was attempted by force of arms by the viceroy, and archbishop of Santa Fé, Don Antonio Caballero y Góngora, who entrusted an expedition to the charge of the briga dier Don Antonio de Arévalo, and he succeeded in forming different establishments and settlements; but the badness of the climate, combined with the ferocity of the natives, did not permit the object of his wishes to be realized.

DARIEN, with the dedicatory title of Santa Maria, a small settlement, which is the residence of the governor. It has a fort for its defence against the invasions of the Indians, which is garrisoned by a detachment of troops of the fortified place of Panamá, and which is changed monthly. This was the first settlement that was made on the continent

of America, having been founded, in 1509, by the Licentiate Enciso, by the order of Pedrarias Dávila, when it obtained the name of a city and head of a bishopric; this being erected here in 1531, and being afterwards translated to Panamá. It has since that time been dwindling away by degrees, owing to the badness of its climate, and it is now actually reduced to nothing but a miserable hamlet; and even this has been many times invaded by the Indians, who put to the sword its inhabitants, as was particularly the case in the years 1724 and 1750. The Emperor Charles V. gave it for its arms a golden castle upon a red field; above the castle a sun of the same metal; and on the sides of it a lion rampant and a crocodile. It is nine leagues from the S. sea, and 25 from Panamá, but by land much farther.

DARIEN, a large gulf of this province. See URABA.

DARIEN, a settlement of the province and colony of Georgia, in N. America; situate on the coast at the mouth of the river Alatamaha. [Darien is in Liberty county, Georgia, by the heights of which glides the n. channel of Alatamaha river, about 20 miles above Sapelo island, and 10 below fort Barrington. It lies 47 miles s. s. w. of Savannah. Lat. 31° 23' n. Long. 81° 37' w.]

[DARLINGTON, the most s. county of Cheraw's district, S. Carolina; bounded s. and s. w. by Lynch's creek. It is about 35 miles long, and 21 broad.]

DARTMOUTH, a settlement of the province TH, and colony of Nova Scotia; situate on the s. coast of the bay of Cheboucto.

[DARTMOUTH College. See HANOVER.] [DARTMOUTH, a town in Grafton county, New Hampshire, n. w. of the foot of the White mountains; 33 miles n. e. of Haverhill, New Hampshire, and 87 n. w. of Portsmouth. It contains 111 in habitants, and was incorporated in 1772.]

[DARTMOUTH, a thriving sea-port town in Bristol county, Massachusetts; situate on the w. side of Accushnet river, 50 miles s. of Boston. It was incorporated in 1664, and contains 2499 inhabitants. Lat. 41° 37' n. Long. 70° 52' w.]

[DARTMOUTH, a town in Elbert county, Georgia; situate on the peninsula formed by the confluence of Broad and Savannah rivers, two miles from fort James, Dartmouth, which is a mile below CHARLOTTE Fort, which see. The town and fort derive their names from James Earl of Dartmouth, whose influence in the British councils obtained from the king a grant and powers to the Indian trading company in Georgia to treat with the Creeks, for the territory called the New Purchase,

of

ceded in discharge of debts due to the traders. This tract contains about 2,000,000 of acres, lying upon the head of the Great Ogechee, between the banks of the Savannah and Alatamaha, touching on the Oconee, including all the waters of Broad and Little rivers. This territory comprehends a body of excellent, fertile land, well watered by innumerable rivers, creeks, and brooks.] DATO, a river of the province and government Mérida, which enters the Lebrija. DAULE, a district of the province and government of Guayaquil in the kingdom of Quito, one of the seven which compose the same. It is 22 leagues in length and 14 in width, which is also the length of its river, from whence it takes its name. It is very fertile and abundant, and covered with gardens, in which are many cocoa trees, plantains, tamarinds, medlars, pines, anonas, zapoles, mameyes, chirimoyas, papayas, badéus, aguacates, oranges, water-melons, grapes, maize, and sugar-cane, from which great quantities of honey are made; it also produces much cattle, together with cacao, tobacco, cotton, cheese, and butter made of cows milk. From all the above, as well also from the birds of the chase which abound in its swamps and lakes, such as ducks, geese, pea-hens, guacharacas, paugies, ring-doves, partridges, pheasants, herons, and pachaes, it not only amply supplies with luxuries this district, but also the other districts, and particularly the capital. On every Friday there is held, on the banks of the river, a regular market throughout the year, and the number of people that come to traffic on these occasions is incredible. It is governed by a lieutenant, who was formerly entitled governor of the province, and afterwards the viceroy of Sante Fe; and as relates to its ecclessiastical functions, by a school-master and curate, who was of the religious order of St. Dominic, also by two or three assistants to administer the sacraments in the settlements of Daule, Santa Lucía, and Balsar, as well as in the countryhouses and estates; the inhabitants altogether amounting to 4000 whites, without mentioning the slaves and people of colour. The capital of this district maintains the same name.

DAULE, a large and navigable river of the same province, which runs from n. to w, and then turns s. s. It has its origin in the country and mountains of the Colorados, (coloured Indians); its shores are rendered delightful by the plantains which abound upon them, as well as by the number of estates and gardens belonging to the inhabitants of Guayaquil, and in which are found great quantities of cacao, and all kinds of fruits, of the most

excellent quality, the same being carried to that capital. Near the settlement called Balsar, and upon the w. coast, dwell the Mangaches, who are Zambos, (that is to say, descended from a Mulatto man and woman), of cape Pasao, and of the province of Esmeraldas, who have retired here. This river, after running 20 leagues, empties itself into the Guayaquil on the w. side, in lat. 2° 8' s.

DAUFUSQUI, an island of the N. sea, in lat. 32° 5' n. long. 81° w. near the coast of Georgia, in N. America, one of those called Georgian; situate between the islands of Tybi and Trenches, at the mouth of the river Savannah; between the two is formed the strait which bears the same

name.

DAUNEY, a large river, called also DAUNY, which runs from e. to w. bathing the ancient province of Urriabá, and then entering the Orinoco. Its shores are very pleasant, and in its neighbouring woods an incredible number of birds of various species. The Urribaes Indians, who inhabit these woods, are cannibals of a ferocious disposition, and both men and women go entirely naked; the latter look upon lewdness as a very proper kind of entertainment, and deliver up their persons to any man they fancy, without respect to time or place. The mouth of this river is in lat. 3° 7′ n.

[DAUPHIN, Fort, a jurisdiction, fort, and sea-port town in the n. part of the island of St. Domingo. This division contains five parishes; its exports, from Jan. 1, 1789 to Dec. 31 of the same year, consisted of sugar, coffee, cotton, indigo, spirits, molasses, and tanned hides, in value 35,252 dollars, 13 cents. The town or fort of Dauphin is remarkable for a fountain constructed by the orders of M. de Marbois, which cost 10,678 dollars. Lat. 19° 41' n.]

[DAUPHIN Fort. See HA BRAGA.] [DAUPHIN, a fort in the island of Cape Breton, round which the French had their principal settle. ment, before they built Louisburg.]

[DAUPHIN County, in Pennsylvania, was formerly contained in that of Lancaster, until erected into a separate county, March 4, 1785. Its form is triangular, its contents 586,400 acres, and is surrounded by the counties of Mifflin, Cumberland, York, Berks, and Northumberland; it is divided into nine townships, the chief of which is Harrisburgh, the number of its inhabitants 18,177. Nearly one half of the land is under cultivation, but the n. part is very rough and mountainous. In several of the mountains is found abundance of iron ore of the first quality; a furnace and forge have been erected, which carry on briskly the maufacture of pig, bar iron, &c. The first settlers

here were Irish emigrants, who were afterwards joined by a number of Germans. In the town of Derry, on the bank of Swatara creek, is a remarkable cavern; its entrance is under a high bank, and nearly 20 feet wide, and about eight or ten feet in height; it descends gradually nearly to a level with the creek; its apartments are numerous, of different sizes, and adorned with stalactites curiously diversified in size and colour. Near the foot of Blue mountain is a mineral spring, much celebrated by the country people for its efficacy in removing rheumatic and other disorders.] [DAUPHIN. See DELFIN.]

DAVID, S. JOSEPH DE, a settlement of the district of Chiriqui in the province and government of Veragua, and kingdom of Tierra Firme. It was at first an hermitage; situate 20 leagues from the settlement of San Lorenzo, and divided from the same by a mountain, which it is necessary to pass, and which is called La Chorca.

DAVID, another settlement and parish of the English, in the s. part of the island of Jamaica. DAVID, a point of the coast of Nova Scotia or Acadia, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, at the entrance or mouth of the bay of Chaleurs.

[DAVID'S Island, Sr. a parish in the BERMUDA Islands, which see.]

[DAVID'S Town, on the Assanpink river, Hunterdon county, New Jersey, 10 or 12 miles from Trenton. Between these towns a boat navigation has lately been opened by means of three locks, erected at a considerable expence; it is proposed to render this river boatable 10 or 15 miles further, in which distance no locks will be necessary.]

[DAVIDSON, a county in Mero district in Tennessee, bounded n. by the state of Kentucky, e. by Sumner, and s. by the Indian territory. Its chief town, Nashville, lies on the great bend of Cumberland river.]

DAVIS, a settlement of the island of Barbadoes, in the district of the parish of St. Joseph; situate near the e. coast.

DAVIS, another settlement of the same island, distinct from the former, of the parish and district of St. Thomas.

DAVIS, a strait of the sea, between the n. continent of America and the w. coast of Greenland, which extends to the n. w. of cape Farewel, in lat. 60° n. to Baffin's bay, in 75°. It takes the name of John Davis, this person having been the first who discovered it in 1585, when he was with two vessels attempting to find the n. w. coast, and so came to Greenland cape, in lat. 62°, where the strait begins; he gave it the name of cape Des-

pair. Here he found great quantities of skins of the castor and other animals, which he took from the Indians, giving other articles of merchandise in exchange; these Indians followed his vessels in their canoes, bringing him,besides those above mentioned, the skins of white hares, also cod-fish. After this he arrived at 64° 15', where he found a great quantity of that sand which had been before brought to England by Forbisher; then pushing forward as far as lat. 64° 40', he discovered mount Rawleigh. In 1586, he made a second voyage to the same coast, and in the following year, in a third voyage, he arrived as far as lat. 79° 12', calling the land which lies on the e. part, the Coast of London; and which is the coast of Greenland. Davis' strait extends itself to long. 75°, where it communicates with Baffin's bay, which is to the n. of it, and of the n. continent, or James island. See BAFFIN'S Bay.

[DAWFUSKEE, an island on the coast of S. Carolina, which forms the n. e. side of the entrance of Savannah river, and s. w. side of the entrance of Broad river, and admits of an inland communication between the two rivers. Lat. 32° 7' n. Long. 80° 58' w.]

[DAXABON, DAJABON, OF DAHABON, which the French call Laxabon, is a town and settlement of Spaniards, on the line between the French and Spanish divisions of the island of St. Domingo; it was settled to prevent smuggling, when the Spa niards had their share of the island. It is bounded e. by the territory of St. Yago, n. by the extremity of the bed of the Great Yaqui, and the bay of Mancenilla, w. by the river and little island of Massacre; it contains about 4000 perThe town stands 400 fathoms from the e. bank of Massacre river, more than 80 leagues n. w. of St. Domingo, and 28 w. of St. Yago. Lat. 19° 52' n. Long. 74° 9' w. from Paris.]

sons.

[DAY'S Point, on James river in Virginia. There is a plantation here of about 1000 acres, which at a distance appears as if covered with snow, occasioned by a bed of clam shells, which by repeated ploughing have become fine and mixed with earth.]

[DE-BOIS-BLANC, an island belonging to the n. w. territory, a voluntary gift of the Chippeway nation to the United States, at the treaty of peace concluded by General Wayne, at Green ville, in 1795.]

[DEAD-CHEST Island, one of the Smaller Virgin isles; situated near the e. end of Peter's island, and w. of that of Cooper's.]

[DEADMAN'S Bay, on the e. side of Newfoundland island, lies s. of St. John's harbour, and n. w. of cape Spear.]

[DEAL, in Monmouth county, New Jersey, about seven miles s. of Shrewsbury. This place is the resort of great numbers of people from Philadelphia, in summer, for health and pleasure.]

DEANE, a settlement of the island of Barbadoes; situate on the s. coast, near the city of Bridge-town.

DĚBADEE, a small settlement of the head settlement of Orizaba, and alcaldía mayor of Ixmiquilpán, in Nueva España.

DECHIANA, a river of the kingdom of Peru. It rises in the mountains of the cordillera of the Andes, and runs into the S. sea, near the island of Lobos.

DECHARGE, GRAND, a river of New France or Canada. It rises from the lake of S. Pedro, runs e. and enters the lake S. Juan, in the country of the Nekoubanistes Indians.

[DEDHAM, a post-town, and the capital of Norfolk county, Massachusetts, called by the aboriginals Tiot, and by the first settlers, Clapboard Trees. The township was incorporated in 1637, is seven miles in length, and six in breadth, and contains 1659 inhabitants; its public buildings are three Congregational churches, an Episcopal church, and a court-house; it is pleasantly situated, 11 miles s. w. of Boston, on Charles river. A small stream furnishes water most part of the year to two grist-mills, two saw-mills, two fulling-mills, and a leather-mill, all in the space of three quarters of a mile, and joins Neponsit river, on the borders of Milton. A wire manufactory is erected here for the use of the fish-hook and card manufacturers in Boston.]

[DEEP Spring, in the state of New York, is a curiosity, and lies about nine miles s. of Oneida lake, at the head of Chittenengo creek, and 10 miles s. w. of Oneida castle."

[DEEP River, in N. Carolina, rises in Wachovia, and unites with Haw river, and forms the n. w. branch of Cape Fear river.]

[DEERFIELD, a township in Cumberland county, New Jersey.]

[DEERFIELD River, or the PocoмTIC, rises in Stratton, in Bennington county, Vermont; and after receiving a number of streams from the adjoining towns, enters Massachusetts; thence winding in an e. direction, it receives North river, and emptics into Connecticut river, between the townships of Greenfield and Deerfield, where it is about 15 rods wide. Excellent tracts of meadow ground lie on its banks.]

[DEERFIELD, a very pleasant town in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, on the w. bank of Connecticut river, from which the compact part

of the town is separated by a chain of high hills. It is in the midst of a fertile country, and has a small inland trade. The compact part of the town bas from 60 to 100 houses, principally on one street, and a handsome Congregational church. The house in which the Rev. Mr. Williams and his family were captivated by the Indians in the early settlement of this town, is still standing, and the hole in the door, cut by the Indians with their hatchets, is still shewn as a curiosity. An academy, incorporated in 1797 by the name of "The Deerfield Academy," is established in this town. This town was incorporated in 1681, and contains 1330 inhabitants; 17 miles n. of Northampton, and 109 n. by w. of Boston.]

[DEERFIELD, a well settled, agricultural town in Rockingham county, New Hampshire, and was a part of the township of Nottingham; 19 miles s. e. of Concord, and 35 n. w. of Portsmouth. It contains 1619 inhabitants, and was incorporated in 1766.]

[DEER Island, an island and township in Penobscot bay, in Hancock county, district of Maine, containing 682 inhabitants. It was incorporated in 1789, and lies 170 miles n. e. of Boston. Lat. 44° 10' n. Long. 68° 30' w.]

[DEER, an island in Passamaquoddy bay.] DEERING, a township in Hillsborough county, New Hampshire, incorporated in 1774. It contains 928 inhabitants, and lies 15 miles s. w. of Concord, and 54 miles w. of Portsmouth..]

[DEFIANCE, a fort in the n. w. territory; situated on the point of land formed by the confluence of the rivers of Au Glaize and the Miami of the Lake, nearly half-way between fort Wayne on the Miami, and lake Erie. Lat. 41° 27 n. Long. 84° 10' w.]

n:

DEGUEDO, a small settlement of the head settlement of Orizába, and alcaldía mayor of Ixmiquilpan, in Nueva España.

DEHESA, a settlement of the kingdom of Chile, in the province or district and corregimiento of Concepcion; situate on the bank, and at the mouth of the river Mapocho.

[DE-LA-MARCH, a w. water of Illinois river, in the n. w. territory. It is 30 yards wide, and navigable eight or nine miles.]

[DELAMATTENOOS, an Indian tribe, in alliance with the Delawares..]

[DE-EA-WAR, a town in King William's County, Virginia; situate on the broad peninsula formed by the confluence of the Pamunky and Matapony. The united stream thence assumes the name of York river. It lies 20 miles n. by w. of Williamsburg 1

[DELAWARE Bay and River. The bay is 60 miles long, from the cape to the entrance of the river, at Bombay hook; and occupies a space of about 630,000 acres; and is so wide in some parts as that a ship in the middle of it cannot be seen from the land. It opens into the Atlantic n. w. and s. e. between cape Henlopen on the right, and cape May on the left. These capes are 18 or 20 miles apart.

Delaware river was called Chihohocki by the aboriginals, and in an old Nurenberg map is named Zuydt river. It rises by two principal branches in New York state; the northernmost of which, called the Mohawk's or Cookqug branch, rises in lake Ustayantho, lat. 42° 25', and takes a s. w. course, and turning s.e. it crosses the Pennsylvania line, in lat. 42°; about seven miles from thence it receives the Popachton branch from the n. e. which rises in the Kaats Kill mountains. Thence it runs s. until it strikes the n. w. corner of New Jersey, in lat. 41° 24'; and then passes off to the sea through Delaware bay, having New Jersey e. and Pennsylvania and Dela ware w. The bay and river are navigable from the sea up to the Great or Lower falls at Trenton, 155 miles; and are accommodated with buoys and piers for the direction and safety of ships. A 74-gun ship may go up to Philadelphia, 120 miles, by the ship channel, from the sea. The distance across the land, in a s. e. course to New Jersey coast, is but 60 miles. Sloops go 35 miles above Philadelphia, to Trenton falls; boats that carry eight or nine tons, 100 miles farther; and Indian ca noes, 150 miles, with the interruption of several small falls or portages. For other particulars relating to this river, see HENLOPEN, MAY, BOMBAY Hook, REEDY Ísland, SCHUYLKILL, Leigh, &c..

It is in contemplation to connect the waters of Chesapeak bay with those of Delaware river, by four different canals, viz. Elk river, with Christiana creek; Broad creek, another branch, with Red Lion creek; Bohemia, a third branch of the Elk, with Apoquinemy creek; and Chester river, with Duck creek.]

[DELAWARE, a small river of E. Florida. SecCHARLOTTE Haven.]

[DELAWARE, one of the United States of N. America, is situated between lat. 58° 29′ 30′′ and 39° 54' n. and between long. 75° and 75° 48' w. being in length 92 miles, and in breadth 24 miles ; containing 2000 square miles, or 1,200,000 acres. It is bounded e. by the river and bay of the same name, and the Atlantic ocean; on the s. by a line from Fenewick's island, in lat. 38° 29′ 30′′ n. drawn w. till it intersects what is commonly called