company of the Jesuits, says, that the nation of these Malbalás or Malbalaes consisted of upwards of 500,000 souls. MALBASA, a settlement of the province and government of Popayán in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate in a territory of Indians, from whom it took its name, and who were discovered in 1536 by Sebastian Velalcazar. They were by nature barbarous, treacherous, and cruel, but are now entirely extinguished. The territory is fertile, and has some gold mines; but neither are these worked, nor the former cultivated, being without inhabitants, save those dwelling in a poor miserable village. It lies on the shore of the river Plaza, in the royal road which leads down to Santa Fé, to the n. of the capital. MALBASA, a river of this province and kingdom, which rises from the lake of Guanacas, to the e. n. e. of Popayán, runs s. and enters the Rio Blanco, and, united with this, empties itself into the Cauca. MALBAYE, a settlement of the French, in New France or Canada; situate on the shore of the river St. Lawrence. MALBOROUGH, NEW, a settlement of the province and colony of Virginia in N. America; situate on the shore of the river Potowmack. MALCHINGUI, a settlement of the kingdom of Quito, in the corregimiento of the district of Las Cinco Leguas de la Capital. [MALDEN, a town in Middlesex county, Massachusetts, on the e. post-road, four miles n. of Boston, containing 1033 inhabitants. It is connected with Charlestown by a bridge over Mystic river, built in 1787.] MALDONADO, a small city of the province and government of Buenos Ayres in Peru; with a good port, which is in a beautiful bay, but unfortunately exposed to the s. w. winds, which are here very strong and prevalent. On each side it has a guard, called of S. Carlos, as also a signal tower. Here dwell some fishermen, and some who gain their livelihood by dressing leather. MALDONADO, a small river of the same province and kingdom. It runs s. and enters the sea in the bay mentioned in the above article. MALDONADO, an island of the N. sea; situate near the coast of Buenos Ayres, and at the entrance of the Rio de la Plata, opposite the city which gives it its name. MALE, GRAND, a river of Nova Scotia or Acadia in N. America. It rises in the mountains called De Notre Dame, runs n. and enters the river St. Lawrence. MALEBUYES, an ancient province of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, to the n. extending itself from the shore of the Rio Grande de la Magdalena. It was discovered by Luis de Santa Cruz in 1539; is full of woods, inhabited by many bar. barous and warlike Indians, is of a hot climate, and contains many gold mines. MALECITAS, a nation of Indians of New France or Canada in N. America; reduced to the faith by the missionaries of the extinguished regular order of Jesuits. MALES, a settlement of the province and government of Pasto, in the district and jurisdiction of the audience of Quito. MALES, another settlement, in the province and government of Venezuela, and Nuevo Reyno de Granada; it belongs to the district of the city of Caracas, situate e. of the lake of Tacarigua. MALFIN, VALLE DEL, in the province and government of Tucumán and kingdom of Peru; at the foot of the cordillera of the kingdom of Chile. MALICON, a small river of New France or Canada. It runs w. and enters the lake Michigan, between the rivers Blanche and Grand. MALIFLITOS, a barbarous nation of Indians of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, to the n. n. e. of the mountains of Bogota, and in the vicinity of the river Tamé. They are descendants of the Betoyes, and inhabit the woods and swamps, maintain themselves by the chase, and are bounded by the Lolacos to the s. and the Quilifayes to the n. n. w. [MALIGASH, a small creek on the s. side of Chaleur bay, about three leagues from Jaquit river, where are erected saw-mills and pot-ash works. Several ships and brigs have been built at this place. Opposite to it, and covering its front, lies l'isle aux Herons, or Heron island, about two leagues long and one wide. It lies e. and w. and about two miles in some places from the main.] MALIGNE, or SABLONIERE, a large river of the province and government of Louisiana. It rises in the settlement of the Choumans Indians, runs s. e. with a much augmented stream, and enters the sea in the bay of San Bernardo. MALIN, a settlement and asiento of the silver mines of the province and corregimiento of Guamacucho in Peru. MALINALCO, the jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of the kingdom and bishopric of Mechoacán. Its boundaries are confined, being no more than 15 leagues long from e. to w. and 14 wide n. s. though it is nevertheless one of the most populous jurisdictions. The territory is very fertile and pleasant; it abounds in seeds, fruits, gardenherbs, and flowers. The temperature is generally hot. Here are 21 very luxuriant estates, in which, besides the population of the settlements, dwell 70 families of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes, and this without reckoning any of the Indians. Near the settlement of Ocuila the regulars of the company of Jesuits had one of these estates, in which there were no less than 50,000 sheep. The women of the settlements of Malinalco and Tenan zingo are so industrious and laborious, that they universally maintain themselves by weaving a cloth called de rebozo, of silk and cotton mixed; as also by cultivating the quapaxtle, which is a wellscented herb, much prized at Mexico. The settlements comprehended in this alcaldía are the following: Malinalco, S. Nicolas, S. Sebastian, Santa Maria, S. Juan, Santa Monica, Santa Maria, 2. S. Martin, S. Guillermo, S. Pedro, S. Andrés, S. Juan, 2. S. Pablo, Santo de Ocuila, S. Gaspar, 2. Santa Maria, 3. Santa Monica, 2. Santa Ana, S. Sebastian, 2. S. Ambrosio, S. Juan, 3. Quatepec, S. Lorenzo, Zoquizingo, Tepozozuca, Tenanzingo, Natividad, Santa Cruz, S. Nicolas, Asumpcion, 2. Santa Ana, Santa Barbara, S. Lucas Evange lista. Thecomatlan, Xalmolonga, S. Simon, Zumpahuacán, Asumpcion, S. Martin, 2. S. Agustin, Ascencion, S. Pedro, 2. S. Francisco, S. Gaspar, S. Miguel, MALINALCO, the capital, is the settlement of the same name; situate in a llanura of great extent, as it were in a hollow. The territory, being hemmed in on the s. by dry and barren hills, is very unpleasant and dangerous to pass; but the hills on the e. side are covered with trees, such as ocotales or pine-trees, which are carried to be sold at Mexico, since they are used by the Indians for their lights. From the quarries are cut large portions of stone for building. In the ward of San Juan, to the s. e. are many springs of water; and here is also a pleasant defile formed by the aforesaid hills. The inhabitants are composed of 770 families of Mexican Indians. Much wheat is sown here; and the gardens, which are well irrigated, abound in fine fruit-trees. Another spring of water rises in the ward of Pala, and fertilizes an extensive plain, which is also surrounded by lofty eminences. The waters of this spring are drank by the inhabitants of the place, and are brought thither by an aqueduct which terminates in the Plaza. It has a convent of the religious order of St. Augustin, which is a house having a vote in the province, also a curate of the same order. Annexed to it are 11 small settlements or wards in the district De Una Legua, and in these dwell 80 families of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes, It is 20 leagues s. e. of Mexico. MALINALTENGO, a settlement and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Tlapa in Nueva España, in which dwell 100 families of Indians. MALINALTEPEC, an ancient province of New France or Canada, conquered and united to the empire by Montezuma in the ninth year of his reign. At the present day it is divided into other provinces, through the arrangement of the Spaniards after the conquest. MALLA, a large, fertile, and well-peopled llanura, of the province and corregimiento of Cuzco in Peru, towards the w. It was one of the ancient conquests made by Pachacutec, tenth emperor of the Incas. MALLABAUQUEN, a great lake of the kingdom of Chile, to the e. of the Villa Rica, from whence it lies four leagues distant. It is four leagues long from e. to w. and two wide n. s. It is formed from two canals, which run at the foot of the volcano of Villa Rica, and which form the river Tolten near this settlement. MALLAI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guailas in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Churin. MALLAMA, an ancient and extensive province of Peru, to the s. of Cuzco, and to the e. of the Andes. The barbarians by whom it is inhabited were very valorous and warlike, but were subjected by Maita Capac, fourth emperor of the Incas. At present it is confounded in the division of the other provinces made by the Spaniards; but some part of it, which still remains uncultivated and unknown, is the resort of some infidel refugees. MALLAMA, a settlement of the province and government of Pasto, in the district and jurisdiction of the audience of Quito. MALLOA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Colchagua in the kingdom of Chile; situate to the s. of the town of Triana. MALLOA, a river of this province and kingdom. It rises in the mountains of the cordillera, and unites itself with the Tinguirica to enter together into the Rapél. MALOMINES, a settlement of Indians of New France or Canada, in the territory of the Foxes, on the shore of the bay of Puanto in the lake Michigan. MALOQUES, a river of the province and country of Las Amazonas, in the territory of Matogroso. It rises close to the town of Oro, runs s. and enters the Itenes or Guaporé, close to the town of San Francisco Xavier. MALOYA, a province and alcaldía mayor of the kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya; bounded e. by the province of Rosario or Chametlan, and by that of Tepeguana, from which it is divided by the river Del Rosario. Its situation is on the skirt of the sierra of Topia. It is of a mild temperature; and although it does not yield wheat, produces maize in abundance, besides honey and wax made by the swarms of bees found in its mountains, the same being the principal and almost only branch of the commerce of its inhabitants. These are few, owing to the reduced state of the population, which consists of only four settlements of Mexican Indians, of one real of some mines, from whence some silver is obtained, and also of some estates, in which there are some small breeds of cattle. It was anciently part of the alcaldía mayor of Tepeguana; but this latter being considered of sufficient extent by itself, the former was separated from it about 70 years since, and made an alcaldía mayor by itself, though at the same time considered as one of the least lucrative in the whole kingdom. The capital is the real of mines of Santa Rita. MAL-PELO, a small isle, or, to speak more correctly, a rock, surrounded by smaller ones, in the S. sca. It is composed almost entirely of stone, and in it are two very lofty peaks. It is barren, 80 leagues distant from the gulf of Panamá, in the kingdom of Tierra Firme, in lat. 4° 48′ n. In navigating these parts, it is necessary to keep clear of this island, as it is of that of Gorgona, from which it is difficult to steer clear, owing to the very strong currents and contrary winds; and thus, when a vessel is caught in this manner, it is called engor gonarse, or to be engulphed; but, indeed, of two evils it is certainly more convenient to suffer this misfortune, which at the worst only retards the voyage, than to run to certain destruction on the island of Mal-Pelo. MALTOIS, a port of the coast of Nova Scotia or Acadia. MALTRATA, SAN PEDRO DE, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Orizava in Nueva España. It contains 300 families of Mexican Indians, and 50 of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes. It is surrounded by dif ferent wards or small settlements, and in these are produced seeds and fruits, and there are many herds of goats and swine. It is four leagues to the w. of its capital. MALTRATA, a sierra, which is the Nevada or Snowy, in the llanuras of Perote and Azumpan in Nueva España. The Spaniards gave it this name, from their having been ill-treated here on its discovery. The Indians, in their language, are called Poyauhtecati. This sierra is very lofty, and may be seen 30 leagues at sea, and serves as a landmark, being the first land seen before the sierras of San Martin. It is 20 leagues distant from the coast, vomits smoke, and according to Diego Muñoz, once, for 10 years, never smoked at all. The Indians used to assert in their ancient songs, that when these sierras should vomit smoke, there would be great mortalities and plagues. In fact, in 1545, MALPAIS, a province in the llanos of San Juan, there really did happen the plague, which afflicted of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; discovered by the kingdom, and in which an infinite number of Jorge de Spira in 1536, who gave it this name, on souls perished, though not without the said mounaccount of its being a barren, uneven, and mountains having first ominously vomited much smoke, tainous country. It was thinly inhabited with Indians. As many, however, as there were, proved themselves very valorous in the battles fought against the invading Spaniards, and had well-nigh caused these to quit the country, not without great peril of being entirely destroyed. MALPAIS, a rough and craggy pass of the serranía in the province and government of La Sonora. MALPEC, a small island of the N. sea, near the e. coast of the island of St. John in Nova Scotia or Acadia. and continuing to do the same for 20 years; after which time they ceased, save at intervals, when a little smoke was seen to rise. MALUAS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guailas in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Cotaparazu. MALUAS, a bay of the country or land of Labrador in N. America. It lies between the Snowy river and Narrow cape, of that coast. MALUCA, a point of the coast of the province and corregimiento of Piura in Peru; close to cape Blanco. [MALUINAS, a parish of the province and government of Buenos Ayres, in lat. 51° 32' s. Long. 57° 37' 30" w.1 MALVINAS, or FALKLAND Isles, of the sea of Magellan, discovered by some French of S. Malo in 1706, who gave them this name, and afterwards called by the English, Falkland. They lie to the e. of the straits of Magellan, and are 180 miles from cape San Juan, and 315 from cape Horn. Their number is not rightly ascertained: the largest of them was reconnoitred in 1764 by the French captain Luis de Bouganville, who gave it and the port his name; and having discovered that the latter was very good, he established a colony there, the same having been subsequently ceded to the king of Spain, who claimed it as his right. This island extends about 75 miles. In 1767, it was taken possession of by the governor Don Felipe Ruiz Puente, a naval captain, and knight of the order of Santiago, the same having been nominated by the king. He was succeeded in his office by Don Francisco Gil y Lemus, knight of the order of San Juan, and who was also at the time a naval captain, and afterwards rear-admiral of the royal armada. These islands are full of swamps; the climate and territory are very bad for the plants and fruits of Europe or America, the cold being excessive. [The Falkland isles lie between lat. 51° 5' and 52° 46' s. Long. 57° 40' and 61° 10' w. The soil of these islands is bad, and the shores are beaten by perpetual storms. The Spaniards now send criminals to these inhospitable shores from their settlements in America.] MALVOILIN, some rocky shoals, near the s. coast of Nova Scotia or Acadia, between the ports of Castors and Tangier. MAMA, SAN PEDRO DE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guarochiri in Peru; annexed to the curacy of San Juan de Matucana. MAMA, an abundant river of the province and government of La Guayana. MAMA-HUALLA, a river of the district of Guadalabquen in the kingdom of Chile. It runs n. n. w. and enters the Calla-calla. [MAMA-KATING, a township in Ulster County, New York, w. of Montgomery and Wallkill, on Delaware river. It contains 1763 inhabitants, including 232 electors and 51 slaves.] MAMALHUAZCO, an ancient city of Nueva España, which was given by the Emperor Xolotl to Cohuatlapal, one of the Chichimecas lords of his court. At present it does not exist. VOL. II. MAMALHUAZOCAN, a city of Nueva España, in the time of the gentilism of the Indians, peopled by the Chalcas nation, after the route that these experienced when they were conquered by Tizoc Axayacatl, emperor of Mexico. MAMALUCOS. See SAN PABLO. MAMALUCOS, or MAMELUCOS, some Mustees of the kingdom of Brazil, inhabitants of the province and colony of San Pablo, whose origin is as follows: The Portuguese, the conquerors of Brazil, after that they had founded the city of San Vi cente on the sea-coast, detached from thence some colonies to form other settlements; and amongst the most celebrated of these was San Pablo, the same being in the canton which the natives of the country call De la Piratininga. A short time after this, arrived the Father Manuel Nobrega, of the abolished order of the Jesuits, first provincial, sent by San Ignacio de Loyola; and he, considering this settlement as a most convenient place for founding a mission for the Indians, transferred bither the college which he had founded at San Vicente, on the evening of the conversion of St. Paul, in 1554, dedicating to this apostle of the gentiles this new college, the same being from that time forward called San Pablo de Piratinanga. The inhabitants, with the succour of the Jesuits, preserved for a considerable time a very orderly and decent behaviour, and the Indians, seeing that these religious brethren were the sureties for all good treatment at the hands of the Portuguese, easily embraced the Catholic faith; but their virtue was of short duration, and the colony of San Pablo de Piratininga, in which the missionaries had founded the greatest expectations, proved to be the greatest of all their obstacles to their spiritual conquests, and such as they could never after surmount. The evil communicated itself with a neighbouring colony, in which the Portuguese were living mixed amongst the Indians; and finally, from a mixture of the Indians of San Pablo was produced a perverse race of Mustees, who were addicted to all kinds of disorderly ways, and who were called Mamelucos, from their resemblance to the ancient slaves of the Egyptian sultans. In spite of the endeavours of the governors, magistrates, the Jesuits, and the ecclesiastical judges to restrain the progress of the growing evil, the bonds of reconciliation became daily more relaxed, and the Mamelucos at once appeared a race who trampled upon all divine and human authority. Indeed, their numbers continued to be greatly increased by a vast accession of refugees of various nations, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and Dutch; the same having fled from the justice 3 K that awaited their crimes. These, being joined by some Brazilian Indians, and all of them being enamoured with a sense of liberty, gave themselves up to every kind of vice, and spread themselves over a large tract of country. There was now nothing more desirable than the total extirpation of these lawless people, and the same was equally an object of importance to the crowns of Spain and Portugal; but the situation of the city of San Pablo, as it was upon the top a rock, prevented it from being conquered, save by famine; and even to effect this, no small supply of troops would have been necessary, and these could not at the time be spared either from Brazil or Paraguay: add to this, that the city might have held a strong conflict with only a few determined defenders. The principal cause, however, why steps were not taken against the Mamelucos, were that they never left their own territory, being much attached to it from its fertility, the great abundance of all the necessaries of life, and the pureness of the air, the sky being always serene and the climate temperate, notwithstanding that it is situate in lat. 24° s. The lands are fertile, and produce very good wheat, the sugar-cane grows in abundance, and the pastures are very fine. When we consider these advantages, it must be evident that nothing but an innate love of mischief could induce these people to encounter imminent dangers and fatigues, in traversing those spacious regions, which they depopulated of more than two millions of souls, suffering in their excursions, which oftentimes lasted for two years, the most miserable life, many of them perishing, and many finding, on their return, their wives married to others. Indeed, in all probability, they would by these means have become extinct, were not their numbers regularly replenished by the captives which they made in The great uscendancy which the Mamelucos had gained, was not less through the fault of the Spaniards of Paraguay than of the Indians; for had the Spaniards not been remiss in aiding the converted settlements to throw off the bondage under which they were held by the Mamelucos, these would never have prevailed as they did but the Spaniards were blinded by a false interest, and looked upon these new churches as a barrier opposed to their avaricious views; nor were they aware of their error until they discovered their fine frontier entirely ruined and depopulated. The Mamelucos discovered a greater spirit of resistance amongst the new-made Christians, than they expected, and finding themselves unable to destroy them, they had recourse to art and stratagem. One of these, which they practised for their wars. a long time with great effect, was as follows: They divided themselves into small parties, and the commander of each being dressed as a Jesuit, and being aware, from the crosses that had been stuck up in different parts by these fathers, of the places where they should find their prey, they began to introduce themselves to the attention of the Indians by making presents, curing their infirmities, and exhorting them to persevere in the faith they had been taught, or explaining to them in a few words the principal articles; and this they had a facility of doing, in as much as they were acquainted with the Guarani language. When by these means they had drawn together a considerable number, they proposed to them that they should go and settle in some more convenient spot, where nothing might be wanting to them. The greater part would suffer themselves to be seduced by these wolves covered in sheep's clothing, when, the traitors dropping the mask, would seize upon their victims, and put those to death who offered resistance or attempted to fly. This stratagem was discovered by some who effected a return to their country; but in the mean time the Indians were persuaded that the authors of these atrocities were truly Jesuits, so that the real fathers of this order were constantly in dread of their lives, nor could they, for a considerable number of years, make a single proselyte. In 1630, the Mamelucos destroyed various settlements of the missions, and in the following year the Villarica and Ciudad Real of Spaniards; but in 1641, in another irruption that they made, the Neofitos Indians sided with the converted settlements, and succeeded in routing the common enemy, who lost upwards of 12,000 men. In 1645, the Mamelucos made another invasion against the Itatines, when the Father Francisco Arias, the missionary, met with his death. In 1694, they entered the territory of the Chiquitos Indians, and were routed, which damped their spirits; and after this time, for the purpose of greater security, it was allowed by the king that the Indians of the missions might carry fire-arms. MAMARA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Cotabambas in Peru, where they make very good leather-soles, gloves, and dressed leather; with which the natives carry on a great commerce with the other provinces. [MAMARONECK, a township in W. Chester county, New York, containing 452 inhabitants, including 57 slaves. It is bounded s. by New Rochelle, and e. by the Sound.] [MAMARUMI, a place on the road from Guayaquil to Quito, in S. America, where there |