miles n. e. of Boston, and about 300 by water. Early attempts were made to settle here, but the first permanent settlement was made in 1763, by 15 persons of both sexes from Scarborough, in Cumberland county; and in 1784 the town was incorporated. The chief settlements are at the e. and w. falls, and at Middle river. Machias river, after running a n. course, six miles distance from Cross island, (which forms its entrance), separates at a place called the Rim; one branch taking a n. e. direction, runs 24 miles, with a width of 30 rods to the head of the tide, where are two double saw-mills and one grist-mill. The main branch runs a n. w. course nearly three miles, and is 70 rods wide, to the head of the tide, where are two double and single saw-mills, and two grist-mills. -The chief settlement is at West falls, the county courts being held and the gaol erected there. The main channel of the river takes its course to these falls, which, though crooked and narrow, admits vessels of burthen to load at the wharfs within 50 rods of the mills. This advantage no other part of the town can enjoy. The entrance of Machias river is in lat. 44° 40' n. Long. 67° 19' w. The town is divided into four districts for the support of schools; and into two for the convenience of public worship. In 1792, Washington academy was established here. The general court incorporated a number of gentlemen as trustees, and gave for its support a township of land. In 1790, the town contained 818 inhabitants. Since that time its population has rapidly increased. The exports of Machias consist principally of lumber, viz. boards, shingles, clapboards, laths, and various kinds of hewed timber. The codfishery might be carried on to advantage, though it has been greatly neglected. In 1793, between 70 and 80 tons were employed in the fishery; and not above 500 quintals were exported. The millsaws, of which there are 17, cut on an average three million feet of boards annually. A great proportion of timber is usually shipped in British vessels. The total amount of exports annually exceeds 15,000 dollars. From Machias bay to the mouth of St. Croix, there are a great many fine islands; but the navigation is generally without these, in the open sea. In the year 1704, when Colonel Church made an attack on the French plantation on the river Schoodick, he found one Lutterelle, a French nobleman, on one of these islands, and removed him. The island still retains his name.]

MACHIGASTA, a settlement of the province GASTA, and government of Tucumán in Peru; situate on the shore of the lake and river of Andalgala.

MACHIGONIS, a river of the island of Newfoundland, in N. America. It runs n. e. in the s. part, and enters the sea in Blanche bay.

MACHIMETON, a settlement of Indians, of the province and government of Louisiana in N. America; situate on the shore of a lake in the territory of the W. Scoux Indians.

MACHUPO, a river of the province and government of Moxos in the kingdom of Quito. It rises near the town of La Trinidad, runs n. for many leagues, with the name of Zanjon the Second, to distinguish it from another, and enters the Ubay.

MACINGA, a settlement of the province and government of Santa Marta in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate in the country and territory of the Taironas Indians.

[MAC-INTOSH, a new county in the lower district of Georgia, between Liberty and Glynn counties, on the Alatamaha river.]

[MAC-KENZIE's River, in the n. w. part of N. America, rises in Slave lake, runs a ǹ.n.w. course, and receives a number of large rivers, many of which are 250 yards wide, and some are 12 fathoms deep at the influx. It empties into the N. sea, at Whale island, in lat. 69° 14', between long. 130° and 135° w. after a course of 780 miles from Slave lake. It has its name from Mr. M'Kenzie, who ascended this river in the summer of 1789.

He erected a post with his name engraven on it, on Whale island, at the mouth of this river. He saw there a number of men and canoes, also a number of animals resembling pieces of ice, supposed by him to be whales; probably sea-horses, described by Captain Cook. The tide was observed to rise 16 or 18 inches. In some places the current of the river makes a hissing noise like a boiling pot. It passes through the Stoney mountains, and has great part of that range on the w. side. The Indian nations, inhabiting the w. side from the Slave lake, are the Strongbow Mountain and Hare Indians; those on the e. side, the Beaver, Inland, Nathana, and Quarrelers Indians. No discoveries w. of this river have been made by land.]

MACOBAI, a small river of the province and county of Las Amazonas. It rises in the territory of the Mayorunas Indians, runs n. and soon enters the Marañon, on the side of the lake Huarare.

[MACOKETH or MACOCKETH River, GREAT, empties into the Mississippi from the n. w. in lat. 40° 55' n. Little Macocketh falls through the e. bank of the Mississippi, about 27 miles above the mouth of Great Macocketh, and opposite to the old lead mine.]

MACOLLA, Point of, on the coast of the pro

vince and government of Venezuela, and Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It is in the peninsula of Paraguana, opposite cape San Roman.

MACOMITE, a river of the province and government of Santa Marta in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It runs towards the n. to the e. of the capital, and enters the sea between the cape or point of Guiraca to the w. and that of Ceneguaga to the e. forming a small bay, in lat. 11° 20' n. [MACOPIN, a small river which empties into the Illinois, from the s. e. 11 miles from the Mississippi; is 20 yards wide, and navigable nine miles to the hills. The shore is low on both sides, clad with paccan, maple, ash, button wood, &c. The land abounds with timber, and is covered with high weeds.]

MACORIZ, a river of the island of St. Domingo. It rises in the mountains of the e. head, near the town of Bayaguana, runs s. s. w. and enters the sea between the point of Caicedo and the river Seco.

MACOS, a barbarous nation of Indians of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, in the mountains and woods of. Fosca; bounded by the nation of Los Guapis to the w, being divided by the river Papamene. Some of these Indians were reduced to a

settlement or town in 1702.

MACOUBA, a large settlement and parish of the French, in the island of Martinique. It is a curacy of the religious order of St. Domingo, dedicated to Santa Ana. Its territory is extremely fertile in sugar canes, tobacco, cacao, indigo, and other vegetable productions. It has to the s. a small river, which fertilizes its district; and it lies upon the coast. Its population exceeds 1000 souls; the greater part of whom are Negroes employed in making sugar, the principal branch of its commerce; as also tobacco, which takes the name of the settlement, and is an aromatic composition much esteemed throughout all Europe. The Father Labat, author of the voyage to the Antilles, written in French, was curate of this settlement. It is in lat. 14° 32′ n.

MACOURIA, a small river of the province and government of Guayana, in the part possessed by the French.

MACOYA, a province of Florida in N. America, in the time of the gentilism of the Indians.

MACTALLANCOCHA, a lake of the province and corregimiento of Alausi in the kingdom of Quito. It is at the top of the mountain of Tioloma; and near it are other lakes, called Pichavinac and Cuvillu, all of which communicate and form the river Ozogoche or De las Cevadas. It is in lat. 2° 17' s.

MACUACUARI, a river of the province of Guayana, in the part possessed by the Portuguese. It runs s. s. e. and enters the Marañon at its mouth.

MACUCAGUI, a village and settlement of the Portuguese, in the province and captainship of Pernambuco in Brazil; situate near the coast.

MACUCO, a settlement of the missions that were held by the company of the Jesuits in the llanos of Casanare and Meta, of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate on the shore of the river of the last of the above names. It is at present under the charge of the religious order of St. Domingo. MACUCO, a river of the province and captainship of the Rio Janeiro in Brazil.

MACUILACATLAN, a settlement of Indians, of the Totonaque nation, in Nueva España. It was left by the lord of those Indians, who was called Zatontán, at his death, to one of his three sons, named Ichcatzinteuhtli, and stood at a league's distance from the settlement now called Ahuacatlan.

MACULITLANGUESCO, a settlement of the head settlement and alcaldía mayor of Teocuilco in Nueva España. It contains 98 families of Indians, who cultivate nothing but cochineal, and a sufficient quantity of maize for their own subsistence.

MACUILZACHIL, a settlement and head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Teutitlan in Nueva España. It contains 130 families of Indians, and lies somewhat more than a league to the s. of its capital.

MACUL, a river of the province and government of Guayaquil, in the district of Daule, and kingdom of Quito. kingdom of Quito. It washes the territory of Baba, and enters the river of this name on the w. side, in lat. 151's.

[MACUNGY, a township in Northampton county, Pennsylvania]

MACUONA, CANO DE, an arm of the river Orinoco, one of those which form the islands and mouths which it has at its entrance into the sea.

MACURAS, a settlement of the province of Barcelona and government of Cumaná; situate on the shore of the river Arivi, and of that of its name, at the mouth by which this enters the former

river.

MACURI, a river of the island of St. Domingo, which rises in the mountains of the n. coast, runs n. e. and enters the sea between the port of Santiago and the bay of Balsamo.

MACURI, a point of land of the same island and coast.

MACURISES, a river of the province and go

vernment of Yucatán. It runs into the sea in the gulf of Honduras, near to that of Triunfo de la Cruz. It is large and navigable for middling sized vessels.

MACURO, a settlement of the missions that were held by the company of the Jesuits, in the province and government of San Juan de los Llanos, of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It is a large town, and its inhabitants are numerous. The temperature is hot, and it abounds in fruits, and is situate near the river Cravo. The natives extract from some trees, called carime, and which grow upon the mountains, a kind of resin or oil, which is an antidote for curing wounds and the itch; the same being also a purgative, and likewise acting as a vomit, three spoons-full being taken fasting and then some warm water, when it operates both by stool and vomit until the patient shall take cold water to put a stop to its effects. Here is also found a kind of yellow wood, which is called sassafras, of a fine smell and well known in Europe. This is a special antidote against the dropsy, a disease which is very common in these provinces. In the woods are also found the balsam of copal, and another called anime, the herb escornzonera, (viper-root), also a reed called colorado, and the agras, which, when a piece of it is cut off, and one end blown through, distils from the other end a quantity of water of a singular virtue, as has been experienced, against the infirmities of the eyes, destroying dimness, cataracts, &c.

MACUSANI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Carabaya in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Ayapata.

MACUSTEPETLA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Huejutla in Nueva España; annexed to the curacy of the same. It is of a hot and moist temperature, contains 43 families of Indians, who cultivate maguey trees, from whence they extract pulque and honey, which is the commerce of this place as well as of that of La Panocha. It is six leagues s. of its capital.

MACUTO, a settlement of the province and government of Caracas or Venezuela, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate on the e. of the government of La Guaira.

[MAD, a river, called also Pickawa Fork, a rapid branch of the great Miami, having a s. w. course. It is a beautiful stream, passing through a pleasant level country of the greatest fertility.] [MADAME Isle forms the n. e. side of the gut of Canso, as you enter from the s. e. and is opposite to the e. extremity of Nova Scotia. The n. The n.

VOL. II.

point of the island lies 14 miles s. of St. Peter's harbour, in Cape Breton island. The isles De Madame are dependent on Cape Breton island.]

[MADBURY, a township in Strafford county, New Hampshire, situated between Dover and Durham, about 10 miles n. w. of Portsmouth. It was incorporated in 1755, and has 592 inhabitants.]

[MADDISON, a county of Kentucky, adjoining Fayette, Clarke, Lincoln, and Mercer's counties. Chief town, Milford.]

[MADDISON, a small town of Amherst county, Virginia; situated on the n. side of James's river, opposite Lynchburgh. It lies 83 miles w. by n. of Richmond.]

[MADDISON'S Cave, the largest and most celebrated cave in Virginia; situated on the n. side of the Blue ridge. It is in a hill of about 200 feet perpendicular height, the ascent of which on one side is so steep, that you may pitch a biscuit from its summit into the river which washes its base. The entrance of the cave is in this side, about twothirds of the way up. It extends into the earth about 300 feet, branching into subordinate caverns, sometimes ascending a little, but more generally descending, and at length terminates in two dif ferent places, at basons of water of unknown extent, and which appear to be nearly on a level with the water of the river. The vault of this cave is of solid lime-stone, from 20 to 40 or 50 fect high, through which water is continually exudating. This trickling down the sides of the cave has incrusted them over in the form of elegant drapery; and dripping from the top of the vault, generates on that, and on the base below, stalac tites of a conical form, some of which have met and formed large massy columns.]

MADELAINE, or MAGDALENA, some islands of the gulf of St. Lawrence, between the coast of Nova Scotia and the island of Newfoundland. They are nine, and on them the French are accustomed to kill the manati or sea-cows.

MADERA, a large, abundant, and navigable river of Peru. It rises in the mountains of Chuquisaca of the province of Charcas; it runs an e. course to Santa Cruz de la Sierra, with the names of La Plata, Chuquisaca, Cachimayo, and Guapay; and turns its course n. to enter the Marañon or Amazon, with the name of La Madera, (or Wood), on account of the vast quantities it carries down with its current, and is one of the largest of those which enter the aforesaid river. The Indians call it Cuyari or Cayari, and they affirm that by it is the shortest passage to the provinces of

3 н

Peru by the Marañon or Amazon. It has indeed been visited by some Portuguese, in 1741, as far as lat. 18 s. near to Santa Cruz de la Sierra. From this river the Portuguese know the Marañon by the name of Amazonas, and up to it, by the name of Solimoes. According to the geographer Don Juan de la Cruz, it keeps the name of Madera only from the junction of the Marmoré Grande and the Itenes, until where it runs into the Marañon or Amazon. In the woods immediately upon its banks are great quantities of wild cacao trees; and here dwell various nations of infidel Indians, namely, the Chiquitos, Tapagazus, Avacaries, Curanaris, Guarinumas, Agazos, and some Tupinambos. This river abounds in exquisite fish, especially in sea-cows; and on its shores are found tortoises and alligators. It enters, as we have before observed, into the Marañon or Amazon, by the s. side, in about 3° 24′ 18" s. latitude.

MADERA, a small island close to the n. coast of the island of St. Domingo, between the island of Crisin and the mountain Cristi.

MADOCTEG, a settlement of Indians of Nova Scotia or Acadia in N. America; situate on the shore of the river San Juan. The English have an establishment for their commerce, and a fort for its defence.

[MADRE DE Dios, Port. See CHRISTIANA, ST. also RESOLUTION Bay.]

[MADRE DE POPA, a town and convent of Tierra Firme in S. America; situated on the river Grande or Magdalena. The pilgrims in S. America respect this religious foundation with zeal, and resort to it in great numbers; many miracles being said to have been wrought here by the Holy Virgin, in favour of the Spanish fleets and their sailors, who are therefore very liberal in their donations at her shrine. It lies 54 miles e. of Cartagena.]

MADRE GORDA, a point of the coast of the province and government of Nicaragua, and kingdom of Guatemala, opposite the Pearl and Musqueto isles.

poverty of the neighbourhood; in short, it ap pears rather like a miserable village than a city, this name being but ill suited to it. It is 35 leagues almost s. of Popayán.

MADRIGAL, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Collahuas in Peru.

MAESTRA, River of the, in the province and government of Darien, and kingdom of Tierra Firme. It rises in the mountains on the s. and enters the sea opposite the isles of Rey or De las Perlas.

MAGALLANES, ESTRECHO DE, a channel or celebrated pass which communicates the N. and S. seas, formed by the extremity of the continent of America, and the island called Tierra del Fuego. It was discovered by Fernando de Magallanes, a Portuguese, in 1520, who gave it his name; but others call it the strait of All Saints. Its length from e. to w. is 110 leagues, and its width at its broadest part is one. It is very dangerous to pass, on account of the force of the cur rents, as well as of its rocks and sand-banks, and from the high winds which prevail. That part of the continent which is considered the n. is called the coast of the PATAGONIANS, (Patagones), under which article we shall say every thing that relates thereto; and in the w. part of the coast are innumerable small islands, inhabited by some few barbarians. In 1579, the Admiral Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa founded, by order of Philip II. two towns in this strait, the one being called Nombre de Dios and the other Filipolis; Don Francisco de Toledo then being viceroy of Peru, and also the same person who sent the admiral upon this commission: but the colonists and founders perished through want, and the place has since that period been called Port of Hunger. The English and all other nations frequented this pass before that they discovered the strait of Maire, a much shorter and safer passage; it was then entirely abandoned. Its e. mouth or entrance is in lat. 52° 32′ s. and the w. mouth in 52° 40'.

Fernando Magallanes, a Portuguese, in 1520. Garcia de Loaisa, a Spaniard, in 1525.