governor-general of the Indies in 1500; his authority was but of short date, since the vexations suffered by the Spaniards and Indians gave them sufficient motive for desiring his renunciation; and in his room was elected,

3. Don Nicolas de Ovando, native of Cáceres in Estremadura, knight and comendador of Lares in the order of Alcantara, a man noted for his virtue, justice, and merit; he came to the government in 1501, but the many complaints raised against him, and which tended to publish the fickleness of his character, with the circumstance of the Queen Isabel having sworn to chas tise him for having put to death the Cacique Anacoana, and she having left her decree in charge to Ferdinand, this king divested him of the government in 1508, and commanded him to return to Spain.

4. The Admiral Don Diego Colon, son of the celebrated Christopher, nominated through the importunities that he had made in order that the situation might be offered to his father; he succeeded to Nicolas de Ovando as governor-general, but not in character of viceroy, as his father was, in 1508.

5. Rodrigo de Alburquerque, sent with the title of distribudor in the different divisions of Indians to Hispaniola, through the influence of the rivals of the Admiral Don Diego Colon, in 1514; but the vexations he endured were such as to cause him to quit the government in the following year, in 1515.

6. The Licentiate Ibarra, who proceeded with the same commission as did the former, but who died when he had scarcely arrived at the island the same year, in 1515.

7. The missionaries Luis de Figueroa, prior of the monastery of Mejorada de Olmedo, Bernadino de Manzanado, and Alphonso de Santo Domingo, prior of the monastery of Ortega, all of the religious order of St. Jerome; elected by the Cardinal Ximinez de Cisneros, at the death of King Ferdi nand, to settle dissensions, and to govern the whole of the Indies then discovered, in the year 1516: they had as an associate the Licentiate Suazo, who was separated from them two years afterwards. The opportune and well ordered functions of holy men, thus encharged with the care of new establishments, did credit to their election; and their government, which lasted till 1518, was deserving of the greatest commendations; this they were commanded to resign in the same year, and they were succeeded by,

8. The Licentiate Rodrigo de Figueroa, with

the title of administrator; but, having begun to show signs of an insatiable avarice, and clamours being raised against him from the extortions practised against the poor Indians as well as against the Spaniards, he was removed from his situation in 1521, and carried as prisoner to Spain.

9. The Admiral Don Diego Colon, for the second time, until the year 1523.

10. The Father Fray Luis de Figueroa, of the religious order of St. Jerome; elected bishop of La Concepcion of La Vega, and president of the royal audience in the same year, 1523; but he died before he took possession.

11. Don Sebastian Ramirez de Fuenleal, bishop of Santo Domingo, in which title, on account of the smallness of the see, was united also that of La Concepcion; he was nominated at the same time president of the royal audience and governor of the island; took possession in 1528, and governed with extraordinary skill until 1532, when he was promoted to the presidency of Mexico; the Licentiate Gil Gonzalez Dávila holding here the reins of government in the interim, in quality of visitor and governor-general of the island, through the promotion of his predecessor, in 1585.

12. Don Luis Colon, vice-admiral of the Indies, grandson of the former and much renowned Christopher Columbus, who, pleading his rights at court, was declared captain-general of Hispaniola, in 1540; this dignity he exercised but for a short time, from having ceded it to the crown, in exchange for the dukedom of Veragua and marquisate of Jamaica.

13. The Licentiate Alonso Lopez Cerrato, nominated president, with the commission of residentiary to the oidors of that audience in 1543; he governed until 1548, when he was promoted to the presidency of the audience of Los Confines.

14. Don Alonso de Fuenmayor, elected archbishop of Santo Domingo, and nominated at the same time president, governor, and captain-general in 1548; which honours he exercised until his death, in 1560.

15. Don Antonio de Osorio, elected in 1560. 16. Don Domingo de Osorio, admiral of the galleys and coast-guarding vessels of the island; he came to the presidency here, having been promoted from the government of Caracas, in 1597. 17. Don Gabriel de Chaves, colonel of militia, in 1646.

18. Don Bernardino de Meneses, Count of Peñalba, in 1652.

19. Don Juan Francisco de Montemayor, Cordoba, and Cuenca, a knight of Aragon, nominated

president in 1654, and the same who conquered the French, taking from them the island of Tortuga.

20. Don Andres de Robles, colonel of the infantry militia; he was promoted to the government of Buenos Ayres in 1680.

21. Don Francisco de Segura, Sandoval, and Castilla, a militia colonel of celebrated valour and military skill, who gained a complete victory against the French in the island, in the year 1691; he was removed from the government, and embarked on board a register ship, through disturbances with the bishop, and died in his voyage. 22. Don Felipe de Valera, lieutenant-colonel of militia, in 1703.

23. Don Pedro Niela, in 1714.

24. Don Alonso de Castro and Mazo, native of Toledo, first lieutenant of the regiment of Spanish guards; nominated president, governor, and captain-general, in 1730.

25. Don Pedro Zorilla de San Martin, Marquis of La Gandara, first lieutenant of the regiment of Spanish guards; nominated in 1737.

26. Don Francisco Rubio and Peñaranda, comendador of Hinojosa del Valle, of the order of Santiago, brigadier of the royal armies, and captain of the regiment of Spanish guards; nominated in 1750; he governed until 1759.

27. Don Manuel de Azlór and Urries, native of Aragon, brigadier of the royal armies; nominated in 1759, governed until 1771.

28. Don Joseph Solando y Bote, knight of the order of Santiago, admiral of the royal armada, whose merit, talent, and zeal for the royal service, elevated him to the rank of vice-admiral of the royal armada; he was nominated in 1771, being at the time governor in Caracas, until 1779.

29. Don Isidro Peralta, native of Granada; he had served as infantry captain in the regiment of Galicia, and was first lieutenant of Spanish guards, when he was promoted to the presidency of Santo Domingo, in 1779, until 1786, when he died.

30. Don Juan Guillelmi, native of Sevilla; he had served as captain in the royal body of artillery; nominated president, governor, and captain-general of St. Domingo, in 1787.

In the part of the French.

1. Monsr. de Fontenay, in 1653; nominated first governor by the king of France.

2. Monsr. Deschamps, Lord of Moussac, in 1659.

3. Monsr. Ogerón de la Bovere, in 1665. 4. Monsr. de Pouancey, nephew of the former, in 1676.

5. Monsr. de Cussy, in 1683. 6. Monsr. de Casse, in 1691. 7. Monsr. Auger, in 1703.

8. Monsr. the Count of Choiseul-Baupré, in 1707.

9. Monsr. the Count of Blenac, in 1714. 10. Monsr. the Marquis of Chateaumorand, in 1716.

11. Monsr. the Marquis of Sorel, in 1719. 12. Monsr. the Knight of Rochalard, in 1725. 13. Monsr. the Marquis of Vienne, in 1730. 14. Monsr. the Marquis of La Fayete, in 1733. 15. Monsr. the Marquis of Larnage, in 1735. 16. Monsr. the Knight of Conflans, who was afterwards marshal of France, in 1748.

17. Monsr. the Count de Bois de la Mothe, in 1752.

18. Monsr. the Marquis de Vaudrevil, in 1755. 19. Monsr. Burt, in 1757.

20. Monsr. de Bory, in 1761.

21. Monsr. the Viscount of Belzunce, in 1762. 22. Monsr. the Count of Estaing, in 1764. 23. Monsr. the Prince of Rohan, in 1766. 24. Monsr. the Count of Nolivos, in 1770. 25. Monsr. the Knight of Valiere, in 1772. 26. Monsr. the Count of Ennery, brigadier, grand cross of the royal and military order of San Luis, inspector-general of infantry, director-general of the troops, fortifications, artillery, and militias of all the French colonies; nominated in

1775.

Archbishops who have presided in the island of St. Domingo.

1. Don Fray Garcia de Padilla, of the order of San Francisco, confessor of Leonor, wife of Manuel king of Portugal; he it was who erected into a cathedral the church of St. Domingo, through a bull of the Pope Julius II. in 1512, being elected first bishop, which dignity he accepted, refusing any remuneration; he died before he was consecrated.

2. Don Alexandro Gerardino, native of Rome; he passed over to Spain with his brother Don Antonio, whom he had accompanied in many embassies; he was presented to this bishopric by the Emperor Charles V. in the year 1520, and was the first prelate that preached and taught as pastor in America; he died in 1525.

3. Don Fray Luis de Figueróa, of the order of St. Jerome, one of the commissaries sent by the Cardinal Ximinez to govern the Indies; he was upon his return to Spain from being prior of the monastery of Mejorada, when he was promoted to this bishopric, but died before he was consecrated.

4. Don Sebastian Ramirez de Fuenleal, elected by the Emperor Charles V. to the bishopric of St. Domingo, and presidency of the royal audience, through the acknowledged renown of his virtue, judgment, and literature, in 1527; from whence he passed over to the presidency of Mexico, in 1530; and it is to him that Nueva España owes all her prosperity and good establishments.

5. Don Alonso de Fuenmayor, native of Yanguas, collegiate in the college of San Bartolomé of Salamanca, professor and licenciate in his university, and oidor of Navarra; when he was elected to the bishopric of St. Domingo in 1534, he returned to Spain, and afterwards to his church, already erected into a metropolitan and archbishopric, being there first bishop, in 1548.

6. Don Diego de Covarrubias, a celebrated president of the council of Castilla, elected archbishop, being then oidor of the chancery of Granada; which title he did not fulfil, from having been promoted to the bishopric of Ciudad Rodrigo before he passed over to the Indies.

7. Don Juan de Salcedo, native of Granada, canon and provisor of its church; presented to the archbishopric of St. Domingo in 1560; he died at sea in 1562.

8. Don Fray Juan de Arzola, of the order of San Gerónimo; elected to this archbishopric in 1565; he died in the following year, before he was consecrated.

9. Don Fray Andres de Carvajal, native of the town of Alcántara in Estremadura, a monk of the order of St. Francis, collegiate in the college of San Pedro and San Pablo de Alcalá; promoted from the bishopric of Puerto Rico in 1568; he died in

1579.

10. Don Alonso Lopez, petty canon of the holy church of Córdoba, inquisitor of this city, elected archbishop of St. Domingo in 1570; promoted to the archbishopric of Santa Fé.

11. Don Fray Nicolas Ramos, native of Villasaba, bishop of Palencia, a monk of the order of San Francis, collegiate in the college of San Pedro and San Pablo de Alcalá, qualificator of the inquisition, provincial of his province, a great theo logist and preacher, and promoted from the bisho pric of Puerto Rico to this archbishopric.

12. Don Fray Agustin Dávila and Padrilla, a monk of the order of St. Dominic, native of Mexico, master of theology, prior of his convent of the Puebla de los Angeles, preacher to King Philip III. elected archbishop of St. Domingo in 1599; be died in 1604.

13. Don Fray Christóval Rodriguez, native of Salamanca, of the religious order of St. Domingo,

master, and afterwards presented to the priorship of the convent of Alcalá, visitor of the convents of the Indies, and elected archbishop of St. Domingo in 1605; promoted to the bishopric of Arequipá in 1611.

14. Don Fray Diego de Contreras, of the religious order of St. Augustin, native of Mexico, master in his university, professor of writing, difinidor of his province, prior in his convent of this capital, provincial, calificador of the holy office, and archbishop of St. Domingo in 1612; he sought of the pope permission to go to Rome to settle some business, but died at sea in 1618.

15. Don Fray Pedro Solier, of the religious order of St. Augustin, a native of Barajas; promoted from the bishopric of Puerto Rico to this archbishopric in 1619; he died in the following year.

16. Don Fray Domingo de Valderrama, of the order of St. Domingo, native of Quito; promoted from the bishopric of La Paz in 1620.

17. Don Fray Pedro de Oviedo, of the order of San Bernardo, lecturer of arts and theology, professor of Alcalá, and abbot of the monastery of San Clodio, and difinidor of his religion; elected archbishop of St. Domingo in 1620, promoted to the bishopric of Quito in 1629.

18. Don Fray Fernando de Vera, of the order of St. Augustin, presented to the archbishopric of St. Domingo in 1628, but before consecration pro moted to Cuzco.

19. Don Bernardino de Almansa, native of Lima, in which university he graduated as doctor of canons; he was curate in various settlements, visitor of the archbishopric, treasurer of the church of Cartagena, and archdeacon of that of Charcas. He came to Spain, where he was made inquisitor of Logroño, afterwards of Toledo, and archbishop of St. Domingo; and being consecrated, he was removed to Santa Fé in 1632.

20. Don Fray Facundo de Torres, of the order of San Benito, native of the town of Sahagún, a great engineer, well learned in divine and human knowledge, lecturer in his convent of San Juan de Samos, thrice abbot of that of Sahagún, and preacher to King Philip IV. who presented him to this bishopric in 1632. At the time of his promotion the whole of the city met together, being col-lected by the sound of a bell, and entreated him to stay amongst them, sending a petition to that ef- fect, at the same time to the king, so great was the reverence and love for his domestic and heroic virtues; but he died in 1640, and before the permis sion could be received.

21. Don Diego de Guevara, native of Mexico ·

doctor of laws and canons, of the university of Valladolid, school-master of the church of the Puebla de los Angeles, provisor, visitor, and judge of the crusade, chanter of Mexico, provisor and visitor of the five provinces of the archbishopric, established by his holiness judge for allaying the dissensions of the religions of San Francisco and San Augustin, commissary-general of crusade, and archbishop of St. Domingo in 1640; he died shortly after, on his return from being consecrated at Mexico.

22. Don Francisco Bugueiro, collegiate of the college of Santa Cruz of Valladolid, magisterial canon of Mondoñedo, and afterwards of the church of Zamora; presented to the archbishopric of St. Domingo in 1645; he died before he was conse,crated.

23. Don Juan Diaz de Arce, school-master of the holy church of Mexico; elected archbishop, but he refused the office.

24. Don Francisco Pio, native of Toledo, professor of laws in its university, visitor and vicargeneral of the city of Baeza, canon and provisor of Segovia; elected archbishop of St. Domingo in 1648.

25. Don Juan de Escalante Turcios and Mendoza, commissary of crusade, provisor and vicargeneral of the bishopric of Yucatan in 1677.

26. Don Fray Domingo Fernandez Navarrete, of the order of St. Domingo.

27. Don Fray Fernando de Carvajal and Rivera, "of the order of La Merced; he embarked in 1690 in a Dutch vessel to avoid the persecutions of the president, and went to the French colonies on his way to Spain, in 1698.

28. Don Fray Francisco Rincon, of the order of the religious minims of San Francisco de Paula, native of Valladolid; elected bishop in 1705, and promoted to the church of Caracas in 1711.

29. Don Antonio Claudio Alvarez de Quiñones, provisor and vicar-general of the bishopric of Sigüenza, canon of the renowned church of Berlanga; elected in 1712.

30. Don Francisco Mendigaña, archdeacon of the order of St. Dominic; elected archbishop in

1712.

31. Don Fray Juan de Galavis, of the order of the canons called the reglares Premostratenses, having been formerly general of the same; elected archbishop of St. Domingo in 1729, promoted to be archbishop of Santa Fe in 1737.

32. Don Domingo Pantaleon Alvarez de Abreu, archdeacon of Canarica ; elected in 1797, and pro. moted to the bishopric of the Puebla de los Angeles in 1743.

33. Don Fray Ignacio de Padilla and Guardiola, of the order of San Augustin, procuratorgeneral of the province of Nueva España at the courts of Madrid and Rome; elected archbishop of St. Domingo in 1743, promoted to the bishopric of Yucatán in 1753.

34. Don Fray Joseph Moreno Curiel; elected in 1754; he died in 1756.

35. Don Felipe Ruiz de Auzmendi; elected in 1756; he died in 1767.

36. Don Isodoro Rodriguez; elected in the above year, 1767.

DOMINGO, Sr. the capital of the former island, is of the same name; lics in the part possessed by the Spaniards, and was founded by Don Barto lomé Colon (or Columbus) in 1494; he having given it this name, as it is asserted, in honour of his father; or, as others are of opinion, from his having arrived here on a Sunday. A great part of this city having been destroyed by a violent hurricane which occurred here, it was removed in 1504 to the spot where it now stands, by the Governor Nicolas de Ovando, comendador mayor of Alcántara, and founded upon the shore of the river Ozama, where there is a good port, though only fit for small vessels and frigates. The city is large, has many handsome buildings, is of a benign temperature, fertile, and abounding in cattle, and a place of great commerce, though nothing like what it was formerly, it having at one time been the principal colony of America, and the place from whence issued nearly all the great conquerors and settlers who went over to the continent, as likewise the residence of the governors-general. It is the head of an archbishopric, founded by Paul III. in 1547, and previous to that had been a bishopric, established by Julius II. from 1512: it has as suf fragans those of Cuba and Puerto Rico. The ca. thedral church, though small, is a fine piece of architecture, and in it are deposited the bones of the discoverer of this island, the celebrated Admiral Christopher Columbus. It has besides the parish church of Santa Barbara, with two other assistant parish chapels in the suburbs, of the names of San Miguel and San Andres, some convents of the re ligious orders of St. Francis, St. Domingo, La Merced, a college which belonged to the regulars of the society of Jesuits, a good hospital, and two monasteries of nuns, the one of Santa Clara, the other of Santa Catalina. It is the residence of the president and captain-general of the island, and of the tribunal of the royal audience, founded in 1511. It had once a mint, for the purpose of coining the infinite abundance of metals extracted from its mines; but this was immediately abolished. It is

so beautiful, and has an air of such grandeur, that Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo had the boldness to say to the Emperor Charles V. that "there was not a city even in Spain preferable to it, either for the advantage of soil, agreeableness of situation, beauty and disposition of the public places and streets, and pleasantness of its surrounding country;" he further added, that "his Imperial Majesty often lodged in palaces far inferior in conveniences, size, and grandeur, to those met with at St. Domingo." This city is situate n. s. on the shore of the river Ozama, as has already been observed; so that on the s. it is terminated by the sca, on the e. by the river, and on the w. and n. by beautiful and well cultivated fields. The streets are wide and straight, crossing each other at right angles, and the houses are well proportioned, and some of them of a species of marble-stone found in the neighbourhood, and others of a mortar, which by the influence of the air and time, becomes as bard as any brick. The ground is sufficiently raised above the level of the sea, and this affords it as it were an impregnable barrier. It is completely surrounded by a wall, which was begun by the archbishop and president Don Alonso de FuenMayor; and at a small distance from it is the castle of San Gerónimo, which is of a square figure, and a very good fortification. Its arms are a shield divided horizontally; in the superior half a key; in the inferior the cross of St. Domingo, sustained by two lions rampant; and above is the imperial crown. In 1551, the English, commanded by William Gauson, attempted to take it with a strong squadron, and with upwards of 2000 men, who disembarked here. But appearing off the back of the city, they were espied by a battery, which had been built there to guard against a similar invasion; and this playing upon the English troops with very heavy shot, caused immense havoc; it is asserted also that the craw-fish, with which the island is overrun, being alarmed at the noise of the firing, made such a clamour that the English being persuaded that it was evidently the troops of the garrison that were coming out against them, immediately betook themselves to flight, and readily re-embarked, though with very great loss, especially as they were at the same time attacked by a body of cavalry. In 1586, however, the English succeeded in their attempts of sacking it; and in 1591, the greater part of it was destroyed by the shock of a tremendous earthquake. It is the native place of many illustrious men, and amongst the rest, of the Friar Alonso de Espinosa, of the order of St. Domingo, a celebrated writer.

VOL. II.

The city lies 42 leagues from the head of the island, called Saona.

[St. Domingo is situated on the w. bank of the Ozama, a league below the mouth of Isabella river, in which distance it is 24 feet deep, having a bottom of mud or soft sand, and banks 20 feet perpendicular height; but n. of the city this height is reduced to four feet. The Ozama is navigable for 9 or 10 leagues, and has several sugar manufactories, tile kilns, and provision farms on its banks. The road before the mouth of the Ozama is very indifferent, and lies exposed from w. s. w. to e. It is impossible to anchor in it in the time of the s. winds; and the n. winds drive the vessels from their moorings out into the sea, which here runs extremely high. The port of St. Domingo is magnificent in every respect; a real natural bason, with a great number of careenings for the vessels that can get at them. There is a rock at the entrance, which will only admit vessels drawing 18 or 20 feet water; which it is asserted might be removed without great difficulty.

The plan of the city is a trapezium of about 540 fathoms on the e. side, along the Ozama; near 500 fathoms on the s. bordering on the sea; and of about 1800 fathoms in circumference. To the w and to the n. of the city, the land is rough and rocky for about half a league, but after that it becomes good, and the country delightful. Towards the sea the site of the city lies very high, which forms an insurmountable dike against the fury of the waves. It is surrounded with a rampart eight feet in diameter, and about 10 feet high. There is a great deal of ordnance at St. Domingo, particularly cast ordnance, but the fortifications are not strong; and the height of the Ileignes commands it entirely; and its crown is not more than 250 fathoms from the ditch. The streets are spacious, and straight as a line, which gives it a pleasing appearance. Ten of these streets run from n. to s. and 10 others from e. to w. The greatest part of the houses, first built, are of a sort of marble found in the vicinity, and in the style of the ancient towns of Spain and Italy: those of a more recent construction are of tapia, a sort of pise. To erect these buildings, a case is made of planks, between pillars of masonry: this case is filled by degrees with a reddish clay, which is rammed down as it is thrown in, until it forms a solid, or sort of wall between the pillars. The clay thus pressed together acquires an amazing hardness, and the walls are sometimes so solid and strong, that the pillars of masonry are useless.

The houses of St. Domingo are tolerably hand-]

F