[ILHEOS, an island of the same kingdom; situate near the mouth of the river Ilheos. Lat. 14° 37's. Long. 39° 27' w.]

ILHEOS, another, a small river of the province and captainship of Pernambuco in the same kingdom. It rises near the coast, runs e. and enters the sea between the rivers Fermoso and Tuna.

ILHEOS, another, a small river of the province and government of Buenos Ayres, which runs n. and enters the Gil.

ILIMANI, a very lofty mountain of the cordillera of Peru, in the province and corregimiento of Cicasica and jurisdiction of La Paz. It abounds so greatly in gold mines that a piece of it having been rent by a stroke of lightning in 1681, immense riches were extracted, and the value of the gold amounted to eight dollars the ounce. Indeed, notwithstanding much gold has ever since been continually taken away, it is still productive of many it is still productive of many marks. It is fourteen leagues from La Paz. ILIS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pasto in the kingdom of Quito; situate in the road which leads down from Popayán. ILLAGUE, a river of the district of Guadalabquen in the kingdom of Chile. It runs s. and enters the Valdivia.

ILLAPEL, a settlement and real of the gold mines of the province and corregimiento of Coquimbo in the kingdom of Chile; situate to the e. of the town of San Rafael de la Rosa.

ILLAPEL, a river of this province and kingdom. ILLETRENA, or SOMBRETE, a settlement and real of the silver mines of the province of Nueva Vizcaya in N. America. It is of a mild and healthy temperature, contains nearly 500 families of Spaniards, Mustees, Mulattoes, and Indians, employed in the labour of the mines, which in former times caused it to be a rich town; but at present, since the greater part of the mines are filled with water, it has fallen greatly to decay, although it still retains some commerce. It is the residence of two royal officers who preside over the marking of the silver. At eight leagues distance, in the royal road which leads to the capital, are two very large estates, which are rich in agricultural and grazing lands, called Los Muleros and El Cabazal. It is 48 leagues to the s. e. of Guadalaxara, in lat. 24° 10. Long. 263° 20'.

ILLIMO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Saña in Peru.

ILLINHI, a mountain of the Andes in Peru, to the w. of Cotopaxi, the top of which is cleft in two places, and eternally covered with snow.

ILLINOIS, a nation of Indians of New France or Canada in N. America, who dwell in the vici

nities of the lake and of the river of its name, having also the nomination of Albinos, which sig nifies a man of large stature, this being the pecu. liar characteristic of these Indians, in comparison with those by whom they are surrounded. They live in villages far separated from each other, in marshy plains or llanuras bordering upon the river, and amongst woods and hills, which maintain their verdure at least nine months in the year. The territory has such an abundance of pasture, that it is covered with large and small cattle, and with every kind of animal of the chase. Their settlements are large, and their cabins constructed with some art, being of an oblong figure, covered with reeds so closely put together as to be proof against winds, rain, and snow. Each cabin contains five or six habitations for so many families, who live united and pacifically together. The chief settlement may amount to about 500 houses; its exterior is of ordinary appearance, but the interior has greater signs of civilization, and underneath some of the cabins are cellars, in which they keep their maize, roots, and flesh of animals caught in the chase; this last article being their principal food. The French missionaries of the Jesuits reduced these Indians to the Catholic faith; though before this time, according to the Father Charle voix, there were not to be found in the whole of Canada savages more barbarous or of worse qualities; so great is the influence of Christianity over the mind, and such was the astonishing alteration it produced amongst these people. They were always of a tractable and docile nature, but at the same time cowardly, treacherous, inconstant, thievish, brutal, without honour, interested, abandoned to all kinds of excess, and the most shameless incontinence; this last vice being, indeed, most common to all the other Indians of Canada. They are courteous and affable to those who have the government in their country, and testify great warmth of affection towards those for whom they have a friendship; but they are extremely cunning and revengeful, of lofty stature, robust, and well made, very swarthy, extremely agile and dexterous in bodily exercises, and much given to the employment of the chase. They have many wives; but in order to avoid dissensions, they prefer marrying their sisters and near relations; and of these they are so jealous, that they put them to death at the mere suspicion of infidelity. This nation extends itself not only the whole length of the river of its name, but for a great extent along the Misispi on either shore. The Illinois and the Miamesis or Meames live mixed together in one spot, called the Fork; which is formed by the conflux

of the river Meame with another running in a s. direction from the Fifteen-miles portage, which is between this river and the river St. Joseph, running into the lake Michigan. At the conflux of the river St. Mary's with the Meame, and near the said Forks, on the e. side of the Meame, stands Fort Meame, now called Fort Wayme; and on the w. side of the river stands the village of Meame or Miami, which at some distance has the appear ance of a fortress. It is surrounded by a palisade, a certain indication that it has been an entrenchment of the Illinois or Miamesis. At the foot of this village is an island in the middle of the river, surrounded by many other fertile and delightful islands; and in the largest of these is a settlement, where the cacique or chief resides. Neither of these nations manifest any valour or discipline in their combats. They make an irregular attack, but with great impetuosity and dreadful shouts; but directly one of them falls, the rest fly in disorder, seeking security in flight. Their principal prowess is manifested in ambuscades, and they have the patience to remain in this manner for eight or nine days, that in the end they may have an opportunity of killing or making captive the passing enemy. When any of their combats against another nation has met with a successful termination, they order their march so that they may arrive at their settlement just before nightfall, and forming themselves in order to make their entry, send before them a chief to give notice of their fortune, of the spoil, and the number of prisoners they have made; and after this they enter with great testimonies of joy, singing songs expres sive of victory, and dancing; but if they may have been defeated, they enter in the day-time, and in place of joyful acclamations, they signify their misfortune by notes of sorrow and howlings; and then retiring to their cabins brood in sullen silence over their disasters.

[ILLINOIS, a large navigable river of the N. W. Territory, formed by the confluence of the rivers Plein and Theakiki, in lat. 41° 43' n. Long. 86° 35w. This noble branch of the Mississippi, after running a serpentine s. w. course, through an extensive country of rich, fertile land, and receiving a vast number of rivers from 20 to 100 yards wide, which are navigable for boats from 15 to 180 miles, approaches within five miles of the Mississippi; from thence running e. about 12 miles, it pays its tribute by a mouth 400 yards wide, in lat. 38° 40'n. and in long. 90° 12' w. ; opposite the large cave, 100 miles above the Ohio and 12 above the Missouri. The lands on the banks of the Illinois, particularly those on the s. e. side, are perhaps as

VOL. II.

fertile as any part of N. America. They produce in the most luxuriant plenty wheat, rye, Indian corn, peas, beans, flax, hemp, tobacco, hops, grapes, apples, pears, peaches, dyeing roots, medicinal plants, &c. Here also grow large forests of hickory, oak, cedar, mulberry trees, &c. Savannas, or natural meadows, are both numerous and extensive. In the forests are great variety of animals, as buffaloes, deer, &c.; and in the rivers are plenty of fish, particularly cat, carp, and perch, of an enormous size. Such is the abundance of wild grapes in this country, that in the year 1769, the French planters upon this river made above 110 hogsheads of strong wine from these grapes. On the n. w. side of this river is a coal mine, which extends for half a mile along the middle of its banks; and about the same distance below the coal mine are two salt ponds, 100 yards in circumference, and several feet in depth. The water is stagnant and of a yellowish colour; but the French and natives make a good salt from it. The Illinois furnishes a communication with lake Michigan, by Chicago river, between which and the Illinois are two portages, the length of which do not exceed four miles. The whole length of the river from the source of Theakiki, which is but a short distance from the river St. Joseph, opposite to fort St. Joseph on the n. is 280 miles. The Indians have ceded to the United States, by the treaty of Greenville in 1795, a tract of land 12 miles square, at or near the mouth of the Illinois; also a tract six miles square, at the Old Piarias fort and village near the s. end of Illinois lake. By the census of 1810, the population of this territorial government amounted to 12,282 souls. The aforesaid lake is only a dilatation of the river, and is situated about 140 miles below the source of Theakiki, and 43 below the Salt ponds. It is 16 miles long, and five miles broad in the middle.]

ILLOMAS, S. PEDRO DE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Condesuyos de Arepuipa in Peru, annexed to the curacy of its capital.

ILO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Moqueheca in Peru. It has a small port, and is in lat. 17° 35' s.

ILO, a point of the coast of this province and kingdom; one of those which form the former port.

ILO, a large and fertile valley of the same province and corregimiento.

ILUCI, a small river of the province and government of Paraguay, which runs e. and enters the Paraná, between those of Japeribuy and Gua napay.

IMANURABA, a settlement of the province and government of Guayana or Nueva Andalucía; situate between the rivers Caura and Aruy. IMARE, PUNTA DE, a point on the n. e. coast of the island Trinidad, near its e. extremity. IMASSA, a river of the province and government of Jaen de Bracamoros in the kingdom of Quito. It rises in the province of Luya and Chillaos in Peru, and enters the Marañon.

IMATACA, SIERRA DE, in the province and government of Cumaná. It runs s. e. between the rivers Orinoco and Cuyuni.

IMATO, a small river of the province and country of Las Amazonas, in the part possessed by the Portuguese. It rises in the territory of the Naunas Indians, runs n. and enters the Marañon, opposite the mouth of the Gran Caquetá.

IMATUCARA, a river of the province and government of Moxos in the government of Quito. It rises in the country of the Pampas Indians, from a lake which lies between the rivers Ubay and Marmoré Grande, runs n. and enters the former.

IMAYOSA, a small river of the same province and kingdom as the former. It rises in the mountains which lie between the river Beni and Marmoré, runs e. and empties itself into a great lake which is near the last of the aforesaid rivers, and afterwards into another lake which is formed close by, issuing from this to join the last mentioned

IMBAU, a small river of the province and captainship of Rey in Brazil. It runs e. and enters the sea opposite the island of Aboreda del S.

IMERI, a large lake of the kingdom of Brazil, formed by an arm of the river San Pedro, on the sea-shore, very near to the extremity of that coast or cape Santa Maria, which forms the mouth of the river La Plata.

IMERUCA, a lake of the province and government of Cumaná, near the shore of the river Orinoco, to the s. e. of the town of San Fernando.

IMIRATABA, a settlement of the island of Joanes or Marajo, on the coast and in the king dom of Brazil; situate at the point of Maguari,

at the mouth of the arm of the river of Las Ama

zonas.

IMPERIAL, a city of the kingdom of Chile, founded by Pedro de Valdivia, on the shore of the river Cauten, which washes it on the s. part, on a shelving rock four leagues from the S. sea, in 1551. It is situate in a spot where it enjoys the most fertile soil and best climate of any in the kingdom. It was once large, rich, and opulent, and a head of a bishopric erected by Pius IV. in 1564; its first bishop having been Don Fr. Antonio de San Miguel, a religious observer of San Francisco, but in 1620 its see was removed to the church of La Concepcion. In 1599 the city was taken and destroyed by the Araucanos Indians; and since that time it has not been able to recover its former splendour, and remains reduced to a miserable village with very few inhabitants, notwithstanding that it is still notorious for its fine gold mines, though indeed these are never worked. It has two convents of monks, one of San Francisco, the other of La Merced. Some geographers make mention of this city as no longer existing; but these are mistaken. It is situate 327 miles s. s. e. from Santiago, 112 s. from Concepcion, and 521 s. from Coquimbo or La Serena, in long. 73° 20′ w. and lat. 38° 42′ s. [See index to additional matter respecting CHILE, Chap. IV.]

IMPERIAL, a river in the same kingdom, which rises in the district of Moguega, runs many leagues w. collecting the waters of infinite other streams, and enters the sea between the Tiruhá and the Budy.

IMUES, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pasto in the kingdom of Quito. IMUNCINA, a large and abundant river of the province and government of Paraguay. It rises in the mountains n. of Paraná, runs in the vicinity of the ruins of the city of Xerez; and eight leagues beyond, and five below the river Aniembi, enters by the w. into the Paraná, in lat. 19° 40' s.

IMURI, a settlement of the province and government of Sonora in Nueva España; situate to the s. of the settlement of Cocospera, on the shore of a river.

INACOREQUE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Carabaya in Peru; annexed to the curacy of its capital.

INAGUA, GRANDE, an island of the N. sea; situate to the n. of the island of St. Domingo.

INAGUA, another island, called Pequeña or Small, to distinguish it from the former. It is close to the same; and they are both, one and the other, well known by navigators.

INAGUA, a bay in the larger of the aforesaid islands, on the w. coast, and opposite the n. n. e. coast of the island of Cuba.

INAHUAYA, VALLE DE, a valley in the province and corregimiento of Carabaya, between the rivers Amentata and Inambari.

INAMBARI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Carabaya in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Coaza.

INAMBARI, a large river of Peru. It rises in the province of San Galán, near the settlement of Pelechuco, runs n. forming various curves, in which it collects the waters of several others, enters the Perene, in a very abundant stream, in the province of Caxamarquilla, and according to Don Cosme Bueno, empties itselt in the Veayale.

INAMBU, a river of the province and country of Las Amazonas, in the part possessed by the Portuguese. It runs s. in a tolerably large stream, and enters the Rio Negro, between the Abuara and the Maravia.

INAQUITO. See ANAQUITO.

[INATTENDUE Island, (the Gower island of Carteret), so named by Surville, lies on the n. side of the islands of Arsacides, 2° 4' e. of port Praslin.]

INAŬABU, a lake of the province and country of Las Amazonas, in the part possessed by the Portuguese. It is formed by a desague or wastewater of the great river Caquetá, is large and near the shore of the same, and is also known by the name of Marahi.

INAUBI, a small river of the province and government of Paraguay. It runs w. and enters the Paraná, between the rivers Aguarau and Uruguay Chico.

INCA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Cuenca in the kingdom of Quito; situate at the source of the river Naranjal.

INCA, JARDINES DEL, another settlement, of the province and government of Chucuito in Peru; situate on the shore of the great lake Titicaca.

INCA, a lake of the province and corregimiento of Cuyo in the kingdom of Chile, close to the source of the river Quillotá.

INCA, a bridge in Chile, which is nothing but a large mountain cut through by the river Mendoza. This mountain principally consists of gypsum; and large clusters of beautiful stalactites, formed by the crystallization of that substance, are suspended from the arch of the bridge.

INCAHUASI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Castro Vireyna in Peru; situate on the shore of the river La Sal.

INCASAMANCA, an island of the lake Uma

marca, in the province and corregimiento of Omasuyos in Peru.

INCHA, a settlement of the island of Hispaniola or St. Domingo.

INCOGNITA, TIERRA, a country of the coast of the straits of Magellan, extending from the island of Monmouth as far as the morro or mountain of Las Lomas.

INCOGNITO, Rio, a river in the province and government of La Louisiana. It runs s. and enters the sea in the bay of Santa Rosa, and that of San Andres.

INCOGNITO, RIO, another, a small river in the same province and government. It also runs s. to the sea, in the bay of San Andres and that of San Joseph.

INCURIS, or INCURIES, a barbarous nation of Indians, who dwell in the woods to the s. of the river Marañon. It is in continual warfare with the nation of Las Aguas, and is known also by the names of Inuris and Zapas.

INCUYACHI, a settlement and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Tonalá in Nueva España.

INDAPARAPEO, a settlement of the head settlement of Tarimbaro, and alcaldía mayor of Valladolid, in the province and bishopric of Mechoacán; situate on an extensive lofty ground, which on the s. is bounded by the sierra del real of Ozumatlan. It contains 56 families of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes, and 82 Indians. It is five leagues to the e. of its capital.

INDAQUIES, a settlement of the province and government of Popayan in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate at the head and source of the great river of La Magdalena.

INDEHEE, a settlement of the province of Tepeguana, and kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya; situate between those of Tepeguana and Cerro Gordo.

[INDEPENDENCE Mount is situated on the strait through which the waters of lake George and East bay flow into lake Champlain, in the n. w. part of the town of Orwell in Rutland coun ty, Vermont, and opposite to Ticonderoga.]

[INDIAN Bay lies on the w. side of Bonavista bay, in Newfoundland island.]

[INDIAN OLD Town, a town in Lincoln county, in the district of Maine, situated on an island in Penobscot river, just above the Great falls, and about 30 miles below the Forks. Here are about 100 families, who are Roman Catholics, the remains of the Penobscot tribe, and the only Indians who reside in the district of Maine. They live together in a regular society, and are in

creasing in number; the sachems having laid an injunction on the young people to marry early. In a former war, this tribe had their lands taken from them; but at the commencement of the American revolution, the provincial congress granted them a tract of land, 12 miles wide, intersected in the middle by the river. They have a right, in preference to any other tribe, to hunt and fish as far as the mouth of the bay of Penobscot extends. In their town is a decent church with a bell; and a priest resides among them to administer the ordinances.]

[INDIAN ORCHARD, a tract of land in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, on the w. side of Delaware river, on the river Lexawacsein.]

[INDIAN River, or CYPRESS Swamp, lies partly in the states of Maryland and Delaware. This morass extends six miles from e. to w. and nearly 12 from n. to s. including an area of nearly 50,000 acres of land. The whole of this swamp is a high and level bason, very wet, though undoubtedly the highest land on that part of the coast. False cape, at the mouth of Indian river, and the n. e. part of Cedar neck, is in lat. 38° 35′ 15′′ n. and 114 miles s. of the light-house at cape Henlopen. Cedar swamp contains a great variety of plants, trees, wild beasts, birds, and reptiles.]

[INDIAN River, on the e. coast of the peninsula of E. Florida, rises a short distance from the seacoast, and runs from n. to s. forming a kind of inland passage for many miles along the coast. It is also called Rio Ays, and has on the n. side of its mouth the point Él Palmer, on the s. that of the Leech. Lat. 27° 30' n. Long. 80° 40' w.] [INDIAN River, district of Maine, a small arm of the sea, between Chandler's and Pleasant river.]

[INDIAN Island. See PENOBSCOT River.] [INDIAN Town, in Maryland, a village situated on Indian creek, on the s. e. bank of Choptank river, and in Dorchester county, three miles s. w. of Newmarket.]

[INDIAN Town, a small post-town of N. Carolina, 10 miles from Sawyer's ferry, and 33 from Edenton.

[INDIANA, a territory in Virginia, lying between Ohio river and the Laurel mountain, containing about 3 millions of acres. It is nearly of a triangular form, and extends in length from the Pennsylvania line to the waters of the Little Kanhaway. It was granted to Samuel Wharton, William Trent, and George Morgan, Esquires, and a few other persons, in the year 1768, by the Shawanese, Delaware, and Huron tribes of Indians, as a compensation for losses to the amount of

85,9167. 10s. 8d. currency, which these people had sustained by the depredations of the Indians in the year 1763. It is a valuable tract of land; but the title of the proprietors, though pronounced good by a committee of congress in 1782, is at present embarrassed in consequence of the revoÎution.

By the census of 1810, the population of this territorial government amounted to 24,520 souls.] [INDIANE, a small harbour in the island of Cape Breton.]

INDIANS, a general name given to all the aborigines of the Indies or America. They are scattered over an extent of two prodigious continents, and divided into an infinite number of nations and tribes, differing very little from each other in their customs and modes of life; all forming a lively picture of the most remote antiquity. The Indians are of a straight stature, and taller than the generality of other nations; are robust, and of a constitution as well equal to temporary exertion, as to surmount the continuance of the greatest hardships and labours. They have the head a little flat, the features regular, the aspect ferocious, and the hair long, black, and strong, like a horse's tail. They have no beards, and their skin is of an obscure red. When the Europeans discovered their countries, they found the natives quite naked, save in what the civilized nations hold indispensable. They are all of an uniform appearance, muscular, but thin, whilst their education teaches them only to adapt their bodies to the modes of life they are to follow, and their minds to bear the weight of the greatest calamities. Their uniform occupation is the chase and war; agriculture they leave to the care of the women, and commerce they despise. When the chase is over, and which they follow with consummate skill and ingenuity, and that they have heaped together their provisions, they pass their time in the greatest indolence, sleep one half of the day, and the other sing and dance with little decency, and eat and drink beyond all limits. Before the arrival of the Europeans, they were not acquainted with any fermented liquor; but since that time, drunkenness has ever been the sole object of their ambition. In fact, they are scarcely ever sober, and will lie extended upon the ground, exposed to the inclemency of the weather and to the greatest disorders: such, however, as refrain from this pernicious practice live to an old age, enjoying a life full of health and vigour.

Their general character is to be ferocious, always serious and melancholy, respectful to those in their presence, and particularly so to elders.