nant-general of the royal armics; he was actually serving in the capacity of general of the armies of Peru in Callao, and he was first viceroy of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada when the viceroyalty was established; this being changed again in the year 1721 for a presidency, the government was filled up by,

24. Don Diego de Córdoba Laso de la Vega, who entered and took possession in 1722, and governed until 1730, when he returned to Spain, being succeeded by,

25. Don Rafael de Esclava, colonel of infantry, knight of the order of Santiago, gentleman of the chamber of his Majesty; he took possession of the presidency in 1737, and exercised it for a short time, as he returned to Spain to establish the viceroyalty, nominating in the interim,

26. Don Sebastian de Esclava, Señor of Eguillor, knight of the order of Santiago, comendador of Fuente of the Emperor, in the order of Calatrava, lieutenant-general of the royal armies, preceptor of the infant Don Felipe, a man of very great credit and esteem, who had worked himself up to the rank of captain in the regiment of Spanish guards, and afterwards colonel in those of Asturias and Castilla; he arrived at Cartagena in 1739, and on account of the English having declared war, rested in that place without passing to Santa Fé; he also defended it whilst attacked by the above, in 1740: he returned to Spain, adorned with the title of captain-general of the army, in 1749.

27. Fray Don Joseph Alfonzo Pizarro, Marquis of Villar, knight of San Juan, lieutenant-general of the royal armada, gentleman of the chamber to his Majesty; he entered Santa Fé in 1750, and exercised the viceroyalty until 1753, when he resigned it and returned to Spain.

28. Don Joseph de Solis Folch of Cardona, knight of the order of Montesa, brigadier of the royal armies, ensign of the Spanish company of the royal body-guard; he entered Santa Fé, and took possession of the viceroyalty in the aforesaid year of 1753, exercising it about eight years, until 1761, when his successor arrived; and he entered immediately a convent of the barefooted order of San Francisco as a lay-brother.

29. Fray Don Pedro Mesia de la Cerda, Marquis of La Vega de Armijo, of the order of San Juan, lieutenant-general of the royal armada, gentleman of the chamber to his Majesty; he entered Santa Fé in 1761, and governed with great address until 1771, when he returned to Spain.

30. Don Manuel Guirior, knight of the order of San Juan, lieutenant-general of the royal armada, gentleman of the chamber to his Majesty; he go

verned with great address, and with the applause of the whole kingdom, and was looked upon as a father both for his goodness and equal administration, from the aforesaid year, until 1775, when he passed over to the viceroyalty of Peru.

31. Don Manuel Antonio de Flores, comendador of Lopera, in the order of Santiago, lieutenantgeneral of the royal armada, and gentleman of the chamber to his Majesty; he exercised the viceroyalty from the time of the secession of the former, until 1783, when he obtained a licence to return to Spain, delivering the government to,

32. Don Antonio Caballero and Góngora, archbishop of that holy metropolitan church, whose accredited qualities in the army belonging to this dignity, rendered him an object worthy the double function of civil and ecclesiastical governor, both of which offices he held at the same time.

GRANADA, a city of the province and government of Nicaragua in the kingdom of Guatemala, founded on the shore of the lake, by Francisco Hernandez, in 1523. It has two convents of the monks of St. Francis and of La Merced. This city is 16 leagues from that of Leon, 24 from Realejo, and 90 from Guatemala. The pirate Edward David sacked it in 1687.

GRANADA, an island of the N. sea, one of the Less Antilles or Caribes. It is 17 miles long from n. to s. in form of an half-moon, and 10 wide at its broadest part. The Father du Tertre makes it twice as large as the island St. Christopher; and the Father Labat affirms, that through the observation of those who have gone over it, it does not exceed 22 leagues in circumference. The Caribes Indians, its pristine inhabitants, had settled here in larger tribes than in any other of the islands, invited by the advantages it offered both for fishing and the chase, and its natural fertility. The French, under the command of M. de Poincy, attempted to establish themselves here in 1638, and the same has been the wish of various others, who have failed in their enterprise, owing to the then formidable power of the Caribes, and the circumstance of St. Christopher's island being too far distant to lend any assistance. The honour of this establishment was, however, reserved for Mr. Parquet, governor of Martinique, who undertook the expedition at his own cost, carrying with him 200 picked men, provided with presents designed for the savages, but not without arms, in case opposition should be offered to his designs. Accordingly, having arrived here after four days sail, he was received with great pomp and testimonies of gladness by the commander of the Indians. Mr. Parquet in less than a week's time had built a

fort, and by dint of civilities to the Indians, and making them presents of linen, knives, brandy, and other articles, had obtained from them the grant of the proprietorship of the whole island, with the exception of their own dwellings.

Scarcely had the French gathered their first crop of tobacco, the quality of which was so superior, as that one pound of it was worth more than three pounds of any gathered in the other islands, than the Caribes began to repent of their bargain; and accordingly, without any formal declaration of war, committed the most outrageous hostilities, killing the French wherever they could find them, whether engaged in the woods, in the chase, or employed in catching turtle on the coasts. The French, however, being reinforced by a detachment from Martinique, attacked the savages; and these, although they defended themselves with great valour, found themselves under the necessity of retiring to a mountain, from the top of which they rolled down stones and trunks of trees upon their enemies; and being afterwards joined by some other Caribes from St. Vincent and Dominica, made a sally against the French: but here again they had to repent their conduct; for the greater part of them were put to the sword, and 40 that escaped took a boat and committed them selves to the sea.

The conquerors burnt their cabins, destroyed their gardens, broke up their plantations of yuca, and did all the mischief they could notwith standing this, different bodies of Indians contrived still to be very troublesome to their invaders, and succeeded in putting many to death. Yet still the French were victorious, and one morning before day-break, taking the Indians by surprise, they put all they could meet to the sword, without respect to sex or age, burning and destroying all the possessions that they had left, and even their canoes, thereby cutting off all possibility of es cape. Afrer all this, however, the Indians rose again three several times.

Some French planters mutinied against the proprietor, Mr. Parguet; and he having consuined the whole of his fortune, sold the island, in 1657, to the Count of Cerillac, of Paris, for 90,000 francs. This person sent to the government here a man of a tyrannical and brutish disposition, who was first deserted by the greater part of the inhabitants, and afterwards put to death. In 1664, the island was again sold to the W. India Company of France for 100,000 francs; although at that time it had no more than 150 colonists remaining of those who were in it at the time that the purchase was made by the count. In 1674, the com

VOL. II.

pany found it requisite to resign it to the king; and this change of masters tended only to its ruin; for, till within very late years, this island has produced no emolument whatever, notwithstanding that the Fathers Tertre and Labat speak so highly of it, affirming that it enjoys such a salutary air and so fertile a territory. The trees, as well those bearing fruit as those used for building, are more lofty, straight, and thick than those found in the other islands, save the coco tree, which here is not so large: the tree in greatest esteem is that called latino, which is very lofty, and has, instead of branches, large leaves similar to fans, and which serve for covering the houses.

This island abounds greatly in saline earths and in armadillos, the flesh of which is as good as that of the sheep, and affords the principal aliment of the natives, who are also particularly fond of turtle and lobsters. On the coast are some beautiful valleys, watered by various rivers, the which, for the most part, have their origin from a lake situate in the lofty part of a mountain in the centre of the island; and one of these rivers enters the sea in the e. part, where the coast is shoal, but of a sound bottom, the current, however, rapid. In various parts of the island are good bays and ports, where ships may ride safe at anchor or unlade; and some of these are fortified. The whole of the e. coast is clear and safe, and has the advantage of never being troubled with hurricanes; but what is most in its favour is, that its territory is capable of producing all the fruits peculiar to its climate. The principal of its productions are cattle in abundance, birds, grass-hoppers, sugar, ginger, indigo, tobacco, and millet. That part near the coast is chiefly inhabited; and here the country is mountainous; the whole of the other part of the island being a beautiful country, over which one may travel with equal convenience, either in a carriage or on horseback.

The port, which is called Louis, is in the middle of a beautiful bay on the w. side of the island, having a sandy bottom, and capable of receiving 1000 vessels, from 3 to 400 tons each, in perfect security against all weathers. Near to this port is another large cove divided from the port by a sand-bank, which, if the said bank could be removed, would contain more than 100 vessels. By reason of this bank, the large vessels have to pass at 80 yards distance from one of the two small mountains, which are at the entrance of the port, and half a mile from the other, there being on one of them a fort, which was built by a French engi neer, having a half-moon and other regular stone fortifications: here is also another tolerable fort,

Y

consisting of a wooden square, and being 25 feet in front, surrounded by a strong estacade of trees, and having at its two angles, that look to the sea, two small wooden pavilions, in one of which lives the commander. The first possessor, Mr. Parquet, lived in a very large forest which girts the mountain, near the port; and on the skirt of which are placed the storehouses for provisions and wood. The church, which is at a small distance from the fort, is poor, and built of canes fastened together. Originally all the barracas or cabins were of two stories, and thither the people who lived in the country used to retire in the night-time, by way of protection against the Caribes.

The natives of the island of Dominica have an establishment in this island of more than a mile long, four leagues to the n. of the fort, close upon a noble river, abounding in eels, trout, and other fish in the thickets are quantities of partridges, pigeons, thrushes, parrots, &c. The people here are subject to obstinate fevers, which regularly terminate in dropsy. A third part of the island is uncultivated; and although the greater part of it consists in mountains almost incapable of receiving cultivation, yet industry and perseverance have already given, even to these parts, a very pleasing

appearance.

The whole of this island is divided into six parishes, which are, De Saltadores, Del Pobre Grande, De la Playa de las Goyabas, Del Gran Marques, De la Tierra Baxa, and De Maigrin. [These six parishes are now known by dif ferent names, as follows: St. George, St. David, St. Andrew, St. Patrick, St. Mark, and St. John; and its chief dependency, Cariacou island, forming a seventh. Besides St. George's, the capital, the other towns are inconsiderable villages, generally situated at the bays or shipping places. Besides Grenville or La Bay, is a port of entry, with distinct revenue officers, independent of St. George's.] Its produce, in 1770, amounted to 506,000l. ster

ling. It was neutral until 1763, and the English became its possessors by the peace of Paris. In the year 1771, it experienced a considerable loss by a fire which destroyed the capital, called St. George's; and this was scarcely rebuilt when another fire happened in 1775, destroying it altogether; the loss being estimated at 500,000/. sterling. [Granada was discovered by Columbus in his third voyage, in 1498. It remained in obscurity, under its native possessors, as we have seen, till 1638, when the French first established themselves in it. Since its cession to Great Britain in 1763, it was taken by the French in the American war; and at the peace of 1783, it was restored to Great Britain.

The hurricanes in 1780, the insurrection in 1795, and perhaps other circumstances, have operated as an impediment to the progressive cultivation and produce, which a view of this rich country seems to promise. It annually sends home with its Grenadines 2,000,000 lbs. of cotton, besides coffee, &c.

In the report of the privy council on the slave trade, in 1788, the British property vested here is estimated at 89,000 taxed acres of patented estates, and the Negroes are computed at 20,000, at 50%. each negro. Granada produced, of sugar, In 1763, 11,000 hogsh. 1776, 16,000 1787, 13,500

By return to house of commons, 1806, the number of hogsheads of sugar, of 13 cwt. exported, was in the undermentioned years as follows: In 1789, 15,000 1799, 1805,

12,000

14,000

The official value of the imports and exports of Granada were,

In 1809, imports £439,453, exports £189,800 1810, 388,936, 173,366

Arrivals from Africa.

Negroes Exported.

Negroes re

Years.

Vessels.

tained for Cultivation.

Granada is 71 miles to the n. w. of Tobago, 77 to the n. of the continent of Nueva Andalucía, 123 s. w. of Barbadoes, and 140 of Martinica. In lat. 12° 21'n. Long. 61° 43' w.]

GRANADILLAS, or GRINADINES, a number of islands and dangerous rocks amidst the Caribee isles, where the largest channel is not more than three or four leagues wide. They are situate between lat. 12° 14 and 13° 5' n. and between long. 61° 7′ and 61° 40' w. and in reality are nothing more than a string of isles dependent on Granada. It is an archipelago, the long. of which is 14 leagues, and consists of 23 islands, producing cotton, coffee, indigo, and sugar. The air is healthy, but there is no water in any of them. That of the most consideration is to the n. less than two leagues from St. Vincent, and is called Becoya or Bequia, although the French give it the name of Little Martinique: besides these, are some islands, called Mosquitoes, Canaovan, Fragata, and Union, lying between the islands Becouya and Caricuacou. Those of Diamante or Redonda are the two principal of the islands which lie in

257 945

the space between Carivacou and Granada. [See GRANADA.]

GRANALA, Point of, on the coast of the province and government of Santa Marta, between this city and the point of Aguja: in it is a small fort, called San Antonio.

[GRANBY, a township in Essex county, Vermont.]

[GRANBY, a township in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, e. of S. Hadley, about 90 miles w. of Boston; was incorporated in 1768, and contains 596 inhabitants.]

[GRANBY, a township in Hartford county, Connecticut, on the line which separates Connecticut from Massachusetts. It was formerly a part of Symsbury, and is 18 miles n. of Hartford.]

GRANBY, a small town on the Congaree, in S. Carolina, about two miles below the junction of Broad and Saluda rivers. Here a curious bridge has been built, whose arches are supported by wooden pillars, strongly secured in iron work, fixed in the solid rock: its height is 40 feet above the level of the water. The centre arch is upwards of 100 feet in the clear, to give a passage to large trees which are always brought down by the floods. The ingenious architect has the toll secured to him by the legislature for 100 years.]

[GRAND Bay, on the s. w. coast of Newfoundland island, 19 leagues n. e. of N. Cape, in the island of Cape Breton.]

[GRANDFATHERS, several large detached mountains in the s. e. corner of Tennessee, in which are the head waters of French Broad and Cataba rivers.]

[GRAND Isles are two large islands in lake Champlain; each about eight or 10 miles long, and each forms a township belonging to Vermont. See SOUTH HERO, and NORTH HERO.]

[GRAND Island, at the mouth of lake Ontario, is within the British territories, having Roebuck and Forest islands on the s. w. and the Thousand isles on the n. e. It is 20 miles in length, and its greatest breadth is four miles.]

[GRAND Island, in lake Superior, lics on the n. side of the lake.]

[GRAND Island, in Niagara river, is about six miles long and three broad. The s. end is four miles n. of fort Erie; and its n. extremity three miles s. of fort Slusher, and nearly 14 s. of Niagara fort.]

[GRAND Lake, in the province of New Brunswick, near the river St. John's, is said to be 30 miles in length, eight or 10 in breadth, and in some places 40 fathoms deep.]

[GRAND MANAN Island lies six miles s. by s. e. of Campo-bello island, in the Atlantic Ocean, opposite to Passamaquoddy bay, on the e. border of the United States. Lat. 44° 48' n. Long, 66° 43' w.]

[GRAND, a river which runs a n. w. course into lake Erie, 20 miles below the Forks, 80 miles s. w. of Presque isle.]

[GRANDE SEAUX, an Indian nation, who inhabit s. of the Missouri, and can furnish 800 warriors.]

GRANDE, a river of the province and corrregi miento of Ica in Peru. It rises from the cordillera of the province of Castro Virreyna. It runs w. making many windings, and incorporates itself with the Guapiri a little before this runs into the sea.

GRANDE, another river, of the island of St. Domingo, in the part possessed by the French. It runs n. n. w. in a serpentine course, and enters the sea in the n. coast, near Leogan.

GRANDE, another, of the same island of St. Domingo. It runs n. and enters the sea in the coast of this rhumb, between port Caracol and the shoal of Coque-vielle.

GRANDE, another, in the island and government of Trinidad. It runs into the sea on the n. coast and e. extremity, opposite the island Tobago.

GRANDE, another, of the island of Jamaica. It rises in the e. head, runs n. n. w. then turns n. and enters the sea between the river Suist and port Antonio.

GRANDE, another, in the kingdom of Brazil; which rises in the mountains of the interior, runs

s. s. e. and enters the river San Francisco to the n. n. e. of the town of Goyaz.

GRANDE, another, of the province and captainship of Los Ilheos in Brazil. It rises near the coast, in the country of the Meribuces Indians, runs e. and enters the sea between the rivers Patiba and Santa Cruz.

GRANDE, another, of the captainship of its name in the same kingdom as the former, giving its name to the said captainship. It rises in the mountains of the Mariquitas Indians, runs n. n. e. for many leagues, and enters the sea between the cape Negro and the river Genibabú.

GRANDE, another, of the province and captainship of S. Vicente in the same kingdom. It runs s. and enters the sea in the channel formed by the coast and the island of Nuestra Señora.

GRANDE, another, of the province and captainship of Rey in the same kingdom, on the confines of Paraguay. It runs e. and forms the great lake of Los Patos: on its banks are several Spanish and Portuguese forts.

GRANDE, another, in the province and government of Louisiana. It rises in some extensive meadows lying between the rivers Missouri and Mississippi, runs s. and enters the former.

GRANDE, another, of New France or Canada, which runs s. w. between those of Malicon and Raisin, and enters the lake Michigasi.

GRANDE, another, with the addition of Meri, in the province and captainship of Rey, and king. dom of Brazil, which runs w. then turns n. and enters the Curitaba.

GRANDE, a sierra or cordillera of very lofty mountains, covered with snow, in the province and government of Sonora, and kingdom of Nuevo Mexico. They run from e. to w. from the river Salado to the Azul.

GRANDE, another cordillera of mountains, of the kingdom of Brazil, which run from 3. to n. on the shore of the river Araguaya; bounded s. by the sierra Vermeja, and n. by the river Tocantines.

GRANDE, a bay on the coast which lies between the river La Plata and the straits of Magellan. It is in lat. 51° s. between port Santa Cruz and the bay of San Pedro.

GRANDE, another, on the n. coast, and at the w. head of the island of St. Domingo, and in the part possessed by the French; situate between that of Los Caimitos and the port of Jeremias.

GRANDE, a gulf in the coast of the country of the Patagonian giants, between the bay of San Pedro and the cape of Buen Tiempo; having in its front many islands.

GRANDE, an island of the river Mississippi, in