[FLAMBOROUGH, a factory of the Hudson bay company, on the s. w. side of Hudson bay.] FLAMENCO, a settlement of the province and government of Cartagena; situate on the side of the swamps of Maria. It is one of the new towns which were founded by the governor Don Juan Pimiento, in 1776. FLAMENCO, a small isle of the S. sea, near the coast of the district of Raposo, in the province and government of Chocó. It is close to that of La Gorgona. FLAMENCOS, a small island of the S. sea, in the bay of Panamá; situate close to that of Perico. FLAMENCOS, a bay of the island of St. Domingo, on the s. coast and w. head of the French possessions, between the bay of Cavallon and San Luis. FLAMENCOS, a bay of the same island, and in the part belonging to the French, on the w. coast, between the river Boucanbrou and the point Arcahay. FLAMENT, a small river of the island of Guadalupe. It rises in the mountains, runs e. and enters the sea between those of La Rose and Goyaves. FLAT, a bay of the coast of the province and colony of New Jersey. FLAT, some islands of the N. sea, near the s. coast of Newfoundland, at the entrance of the gulf of St. Lawrence. They differ much, but are all small, and should more properly be called isles. [FLAT Rock is an expansive, clear, flat rock, but a little above the surface of the ground, and near the banks of a delightful rivulet of excellent water, which is one of the head branches of Great Ogeechee river in Georgia. This is a common rendezvous or camping place for traders and Indians.] [FLATBUSH, the chief town of King's county, Long island, New York. It is a pleasant and healthy town, situated on a small bay which opens e. from New York harbour, and is five miles s. by e. from New York city. It contains a number of dwelling houses, mostly in one street; many of which are elegant and commodious. The inhabitants are chiefly of Dutch extraction. It contains 941 inhabitants, of whom 107 are qualified electors, and 378 are slaves. The productions are various kinds of fruit, vegetables, grain, &c. which find a ready market in the metropolis. The land lies low; and in summer the whole township appears like an extensive garden. The public buildings are, a Dutch church, a court-house, and an academy, called Erasmus Hall, the most flourishing of all the academies in the state. It is in a pleasant and healthful situation, four miles from Brookline ferry. The re A bloody battle was fought near this town on the 27th of August 1776, when the Americans were defeated by the British with great loss mains of the American army retreated to New York, under the cover of a thick fog.} [FLATLANDS, a small township in King's county, Long island, distant from New York city six or seven miles. It contains 423 inhabitants, of whom 44 are qualified to be electors, and 137 are slaves.] FLATON, a small river of the province of Sagadahock, which runs s. and enters the sea, opposite the Mochises isles, at the entrance of the bay of Fundy. [FLATTERY, Cape, so named by Captain Cook, on account of its promising at a distance what it denied on a nearer approach. Lat. 48° 15'. Long. 235° 30′ e. This cape, Captain Ingraham of Boston found to be the s. side of the entrance of the straits of Juan de Fuca. Lat. 48° 25′ n. Long. 124° 52′ w. See FUCA.] [FLEMINGTON, a small post-town of New Jersey, in Hunterdon county, lies about six miles n. e. of Amwell on Delaware river, 16 n. n. w. of Trenton, nine s. e. of Pittstown, and 34 n. e. by n. of Philadelphia. It contains about a dozen compact houses.] [FLETCHER, a township in Franklin county, Vermont, containing only 47 inhabitants. It has Cambridge on the s. e. and Georgia w.] [FLINT River, a considerable river of Georgia, which rises in the country of the Creek Indians, and running a s. and thence a s. w. course, joins the Appalachicola, at its entrance into Florida. The Flint is about 30 rods wide, and from 12 to 15 feet deep in summer, and has a gentle current. The territory lying on this river, especially on the upper part of it, presents every appearance of becoming a delightful region in some future day; it being a rich soil, and exceedingly well situated for every branch of agriculture, and offers an uninterrupted navigation to the bay of Mexico and Atlantic ocean, and thence to the W. India islands, and over the whole world. There are a number of villages of Creek Indians on this river.] [FLINT, a small river, about 28 miles long, in the Genessee country, in New York, which runs n. n. e. into Canandarqua creek.] [FLINTSTON, a plantation in Cumberland county, Maine, having 180 inhabitants. It has one eminence in it, called Saddle-Back Mountain, but the country in general is level enough for cultivation. One half of it is covered with pine and white oak.] FLORA, a small island, also called Las Flores, at the entrance of the river La Plata, in the province and government of Buenos Ayres. To its n. lies the shore of the river. It is neither inhabited or cultivated, from its being much exposed to inundations from the river. On its coast are many marine wolves. In lat. 34° 58' 3" s. Long. 56° 3' w. FLORELL, a small island of the gulf of St. Lawrence, on the coast of Nova Scotia or Acadia; situate close to Rosiers. cape FLORES, a river of the province and government of Buenos Ayres, which rises from a lake called Lobos. It runs e. and enters the sea on the coast of the Patagones. FLORES, another river, of the province and government of Texas in Nueva España. It runs s. and enters the sea in the gulf of Mexico, between the river Magdalena and that of Santa Susana. FLORIDA, an extensive country of N. America; bounded on the w. by Louisiana, on the n. by the United States, on the e. by the Atlantic ocean, and on the s. by the gulf of Mexico. It was discovered by Juan Ponce de Leon in 1512, on Easter Sunday, on which account this name was given to it, as well also from the great luxuriance of its trees. Its territory is very fertile, and the climate good, abounding in fruits and pulse, and particularly in oak, fir, pine, walnut, white and red lentish, yew, laurel, cedar, chesnut, palm, and cherry trees, which are used as fuel, although the fruit of some of them is very delicate. Here is also Campeche wood, but the most esteemed is sassafras, called by the natives palama or pavama, and of this an immense quantity is exported to England, from its fine medicinal qualities, which were first discovered by the Indians, who persuade themselves that there is no disease that can resist the efficacy of this plant. They, indeed, do not less esteem the plant called apoyomalsi or patrisizanda, the leaves of which appear similar to those of a leek, although they are larger and more delicate: the stem is a sort of reed, full of pulp, knotty, of a small flower, with roots long and slender, also covered with round knots, which being cut off and exposed to the sun become hard, being black within and white without: the Spa. niards give it the name of de rosarios de Santa Elena, (rosaries of St. Helen), and the French call it palenotes. This country is watered by a great many rivers, the principal of which is the Mississippi, which not only produce abundance of fish, but water and fertilize very many leagues. The woods are inhabited by wild beasts, such as dantas, lions of two kinds, leopards, wolves, tigers, buffaloes, panthers, bears, wild cats, castors, and foxes; and of these is a species which carries a bag under these divided it into E. and W. Florida. The first comprehended the Spanish peninsula, and was bounded n. by Georgia, and w. by the river A palachicola. The second extended from this river, and had for its limits to the s. the gulf of Mexico, to the n. the parallel of 31° lat. and to the w. the lakes Maurepás, Pontchartrain, and the river Mississippi, its extent being 80 leagues; but in the peace of 1783, it was restored to its former possessors, who hold it at the present day. Governors who have presided in Florida. 1. Juan Ponce de Leon, the first discoverer of this country, in 1512, after having engaged with the Emperor Charles V. that he would conquer it. This governor died in the island of Cuba from the wounds he had received in Florida in 1521. 2. The Licentiate Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon, on whom the government, conquest, and settlement of this country devolved, owing to the death of the former; he also met his death at the hands of the Indians, in 1524. 3. Hernando de Soto, native of Villanueva of Valcarrota in Estremadura; he also undertook the conquest of Florida; he entered this country with a fine army, in 1538, and after many labours died here in 1542. 4. Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano, through the nomination of the viceroy of Nueva España, Don Luis de Velasco, to whom the emperor had entrusted the conquest of Florida; he left Mexico in 1559, and retired from the attack in 1561, having lost the greater part of his people, with as little promotion of his views as any of his predecessors. 5. Pedro Menendez de Avilés, native of the town of this name in Asturias, comendador of La Santa Cruz of La Zara in the order of Santiago, governor, captain-general, conqueror, and perpetual adelantado of Florida, he and his heirs; captain-general of the armada of the guard of the Indies, founder of the city of S. Agustin, and of some other small settlements; he returned to Spain in 1572. 6. Pedro Menendez Marques, nominated governor of Florida by his uncle the adelantado, in virtue of the capitulation that he had made with the king; he governed but a short time, from his having been put to death by the Indians in 1574. 7. Hernando de Miranda, the husband of the daughter of the adelantado Pedro Menendez de Avilés; through whom he, Hernando, acquired the right of the title of adelantado, governor, and captain-general of Florida, as well as other concessions declared by the schedule of Philip II. in 1575; he died in 1593. 8. The Captain Juan de Salinas, nominated by the king, when at the same time the right of nomination to the government of Florida being vested in the heirs of the adelantado Pedro Menendez de Avilés was dissolved; he governed until 1619. 9. Don Diego de Rebolledo, who proposed to the king the erection of San Agustin to a bishopric; and although this was approved by the council, it did not take effect. 10. Don Pablo de Hita Salazar. 11. Don Juan Marquez Cabrera, who retired in 1680. 12. Don Diego de Quiroga y Losada. 13. Don Francisco de la Guerra. 14. Don Laureano de Torres y Ayala, who was the same that built the wall of the city of San Agustin; he entered upon the government in 1693. 15. Don Joseph de Zuñiga y la Cerda, who perfected the castle, and defended the city invaded by the English; he governed with great credit until 1708. 16. Don Francisco de Córeoles Martinez. 17. Don Juan de Ayala, serjeant-major of the Plaza of San Agustin; he was governor in the interim, his predecessor having concluded his government and having embarked for Spain. 18. Don Antonio de Benavides, of the Spanish company of the royal body-guards; he was nominated governor in 1719, and so satisfied was the king with his great services, that after six years he continued him still longer in the office, until 1730. 19. Don Manuel de Montiano, captain of grenadiers of the infantry regiment of Aragon, afterwards exalted to the rank of colonel; he did himself great credit in the defence that he made in 1740; in 1749, he was promoted to the government of Tierra Firme, having been also a field-marshal. 20. Don Lucas Fernando Palacios, knight of the order of Alcántara, comendador in the order of Calatrava, field-marshal of the royal armies, in which he had served with extraordinary zeal from the rank of cadet up to that of captain in the regiment of Spanish guards; he was nominated governor of Florida in 1758, and exercised these functions until 1762, when he was killed by the Indians in a sally that he made against them; he was the last governor, for in the following year the court ceded this country to the king of England in the peace of Versailles; and although it was recovered in the peace of Paris, in 1783, yet this government remained under the command of the commandantgeneral of Louisiana. [Scarcely any portion of America has been a scene of greater dispute in regard to proprietorship, since the time Alçedo wrote, than that known generally by the name of Florida. Florida, East Land West, is situated between lat. 24° 49′ 31′′ n. and between long. 79° 54′ and 91° 27' w.; about 600 miles in length. Its breadth is various; the broadest part of W. Florida is about 130 miles, while the narrow peninsula of E. Florida extends, in the same direction, from s. to n. 400 miles. Among its rivers that fall into the Atlantic, St. John's and Indian rivers are the chief. Seguana, Appalachicola, Chatahatchi, Escambia, Mobile, Pascagoula and Pearl rivers, all rise in Georgia, and run s. into the gulf of Mexico. The principal bays are St. Bernard's, Ascension, Mobile, Pensacola, Dauphin, Joseph, Apalachy, Spiritu Sancto; and the chief capes are Blanco, St. Blaize, Anclotte, and cape Florida, at the extremity of the peninsula. The climate is little different from that of Georgia. There are in this country a great variety of soils; the e. part of it, near to and about St. Augustine, is by far the most unfruitful; yet even there two crops of Indian corn are annually produced. The banks of the rivers which water the Floridas and the parts contiguous, are of a superior quality, and well adapted to the culture of rice and corn. The fine lands near the river Escambia are described under the account of that river. The interior country, which is high and pleasant, abounds with wood of almost every kind, particularly white and red oak, live oak, laurel magnolia, pine, hickory, cypress, red and white cedar. The live oaks, though not tall, contain a prodigious quantity of timber; the trunk is generally from 12 to 20 feet in circumference, and rises 10 or 12 feet from the earth, and then branches into four or five great limbs, which grow in nearly a horizontal direction, forming a gentle curve. "I have stepped," says Bartram, above 50 paces on a straight line, from the trunk of one of these trees to the extremity of the limbs." They are evergreen, and the wood almost incorruptible. They bear a great quantity of small acorns, which is agreeable food when roasted, and from which the Indians extract a sweet oil, which they use in cooking hominy and rice. The laurel magnolia is the most beautiful among the trees of the forest, and is usually 100 feet high, though some are much higher. The trunk is perfectly erect, rising in the form of a beautiful column, and supporting a head like an obtuse cone. The flowers, which are on the extremity of the branches, are large, white, and expanded like a rose, and are the largest and most complete of any yet known; when fully expanded, they are from six to nine inches diameter, and have a most delicious fragrance. The cypress is the largest of the American trees. "I have seen trunks of these VOL. II. trees," says Bartram, "that would measure 8, 10, and 12 feet in diameter, for 40 and 50 feet shaft." The trunks make excellent shingles, boats, and other timber, and when bollowed make durable and convenient canoes. The garden vegetables are in high perfection; the orange and lemon trees grow here without cultivation to a fine size, and produce better fruit than in Spain and Portugal. The intervals between the hilly parts of this country are extremely rich. The principal town in W. Florida is Pensacola; in E. Florida, St. Augustine. The Spanish strength in the Floridas and Louisiana, in 1790, was as follows, according to Mr. Melford's account: Troops and levies at St. Augustine and on St. John's river, 400; St. Mark's, 100; Pensacola, 350; Mobile and Tombigbee, 150; at the Natchez, 200; Red river, 100; Illinois river, 300; in all 1600 men, called the Orleans or Louisiana regiment. The number of American families that have been Spanish subjects since 1783, amounts to 1720, viz. at Tensau, near Mobile bay, 90; on Tombigbee river, 130; at the Natchez, on the Mississippi, 1500. All the settlers in these districts are under the immediate orders of the military commandants, and subject to martial law; with an appeal from stage to stage, up to the viceroy of Mexico. The property of the subject at his decease is to be managed by the commandant, whose fees by law are enormous. Florida, as we have before stated, has frequently changed masters, belonging alternately to the French and Spaniards. W. Florida, as far as Perdido river, was owned and occupied by the French; the remainder, and all E. Florida, by the Spaniards, previous to their being ceded to the British at the peace of 1763. The Floridas were never distinguished by the terms East and West, until the 7th day of October 1763. It was then effected by a proclamation of the British king, in consequence of the "extensive and valuable acquisitions in America, secured to his crown by the definitive treaty of peace concluded at Paris, the 10th of February" preceding: that is to say, the treaty by which France and Spain ceded the territory to Great Britain. This proclamation establishes on the continent of America three "new" governments, viz. the government of Quebec, that of E. Florida, and that of W. Florida. The latter is designated in the following terms: "3dly, The government of West Florida, bounded to the s. by the gulf of Mexico, including all islands within six leagues from the coast,] P [from the river Appalachicola to lake Ponchartrain; to the w. by the said lake, the lake Mancepes, and the river Mississippi; to the n. by a line drawn due e. from that part of the river Mississippi which lies in lat. 31° n. to the river Appalachicola or Chatahouchee; and to the e. by the said river." Annual Register, 1763. vol. vi. p. 209. Hence it appears, that W. Florida was a province of British institution, formed out of a portion of Louisiana ceded to them by the French, and out of a part of what the Spaniards ceded, and what they had called Florida. And what incontestibly proves that W. Florida was erected into a separate government, independent of French or Spanish limits, is the boundary assigned to it by the British king's proclamation, which states, "Appalachicola or Chatahouchee river, as the e. limit;" whereas the Spaniards claim for ancient Florida an extent w. to Pensacola. By a treaty in 1783, Great Britain retroceded to Spain all the territory which both Spain and France had ceded to Great Britain in 1763; and France having, by an act of cession, in 1762, given to Spain the territory of Louisiana, w. of the Mississippi, including the island and town of New Orleans, Spain became possessed of Louisiana, "with the same extent it had when France possessed it." By the treaty of St. Ildephonso, of the 1st of October 1800, between France and Spain, the latter ceded to France, “ the colony of the province of Louisiana, with the same extent that it then had in the hands of Spain, and that it had when France possessed it, and such as it should be after the treaties subsequently entered into between Spain and other states." Thomas; and a committee, called "a committee o public safety," was ordered to draft a constitution similar to that of the United States. The convention resolved to send a minister to the United States after the adoption of a constitution. The tax on the slaves of emigrants to the common wealth of W. Florida is abolished. See LOUISIANA.] [FLORIDA, Cape, situate on the e. coast of Florida, in the Gulf stream, and nearly opposite the Bemini islands, in lat. 25° 47' 30" n. Long. 80° 6' w.] [FLORIDA, a township in Orange county, New York, six or eight miles s. of Goshen, and 40 n. w. of New York city; 377 of its inhabitants are qualified to be electors. It has been lately incorporated.] [FLORIDA Keys, or MARTYRS Islands, a number of rocks and sand-banks, bounded w. by the gulf of Mexico, and e. by that of Florida. The great sand-bank extends from the peninsula of E. Florida inward, to the gulf of Mexico, in the form of a hook; its w. point is divided from the bank called the Dry Tortugas, by Tortuga channel.] [FLORIDA, Gulf of, is the channel between the peninsula of Florida and the Bahama islands, n. of the island of Cuba; and through which the Gulf stream finds a passage, and runs to the n. e. along the American coast. See GULF Stream, and MEXICO. FLORIDO, a river of the province and kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya, FLOURIDE, Cape, a point of land of the island Scatary, in Acadia or Nova Scotia. [FLOWERTOWN, in Pennsylvania, is a small village about 12 miles n. of Philadelphia, in Montgomery county.] [FLOYD, a new township in Herkemer county.] [FLUSHING, a town in Queen's county, New York; situated on the n. 20. part of Long island, and on the s. side of Hell Gate, seven miles e. by n. of New York city. It contains 1607 inhabitants, of whom 210 are qualified electors, and 340 are slaves.] [FLUVANNA. See JAMES River.] The question respecting the right to the disputed part of W. Florida seems to resolve itself into this: That France never included, or thought she included, the disputed territory in that portion of land which she sold to America; for that she never received it, or thought she received it, from Spain by treaty; and that consequently the claims of America (built upon these two assumptions, 1st, That France believed the territory to have [FLUVANNA, a county of Virginia, bounded n. been hers; and, 2dly, As such, parted with it to by Albemarle, n. c. by Louisa, e. by Goochland, the United States) are totally unfounded. But, w. But, a. by Amberst, and s. by Fluvanna or James river, be the question of right what it may, this province, which divides it from Buckingham. It is about which was lately delivered up by the Spanish go- 22 miles long and 20 broad, and contains 3921 invernor, Folch, on account of disturbances then habitants, including 1466 slaves. There is great prevailing, to the United States, will, in all pro- plenty of marble, both white and variegated with bability, remain in the hands, and constitute a blue, red, and purple veins, found here, on James branch, of the latter power. river, at the mouth of Rockfish, where it forms a large precipice, overhanging a navigable part of the river.] In September 1810, a convention of independence was formed in W. Florida under General |