master riding out in his carriage and leading a very nice life-they may just think over this, and continually bear in mind "that if the working men were to save like the masters, and masters were to spend like the working men, their relative positions would soon be altered." Wealth, after all, is not a curse, but a blessing. We have a right to wealth and money. It is wealth that has created our railways; it is by means of wealth that the enormous commerce of our country is transacted; it produces the comforts and luxuries of life; it brings tea, coffee, and sugar to our shores; tends to civilize and refine man; enables man to educate himself, and to become a civilized human being. Wealth is not a bad thing; it is a good thing. It may be a curse; it is capable of being made a great blessing. It may tyrannize and bring evil in its train. It may be the means of benefiting the whole community, including the working classes themselves. The Bible does not say, "Money is the root of all evil;" but it says, "The love of money is the root of all evil." One great advantage of the co-operative movement is shown in the fact that the working classes may not only benefit themselves as capitalists, but I would just tell you this-that, without asking Government, the franchise is within your own grasp. By means of the co-operativė movement, every one of you may have a vote. If you possess a 40s. freehold, you have as much right to give your independent vote as the wealthiest man who comes to the polling-booth. This may be done if you deprive yourselves of some little indulgence which does you no good; and you will thus acquire all the rights, all the duties, and all the privileges of becoming citizens of the greatest empire in the world. After delivering a lecture at Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, I was shown a row of twenty-seven 10-freehold houses, the property of working men, and built by the working men of the cooperative society in that town. The effect of that in the town was such as, I believe, to secure the balance of power which the working men desired. I believe no civil society is perfect until every man is qualified by industry, integrity, intelligence, and by the very fact that he possesses some real interest in the welfare of the State, and being so qualified he has a right to give his voice in the direction of State affairs. These societies tended to make a man accumulate property, made him thoughtful, accustomed him to business transactions; and there was the very surest guarantee, when he had property, that he would exercise his power in a way which should not be detrimental to the interests of the nation. The co-operative movement has the sanction of the very highest authority; but, not to be guided by what others said, you should examine for yourselves on this point, so that you may arrive at a just conclusion in your own mind. You ought not to bow to the dicta of any man. Co-operation had long been used in other places, and why should it not be used here? You perhaps sometimes wonder at the success which attends some men in life. But although every man could not become wealthy, yet every man was capable of advancing himself from that position in which he now stands. "Onwards and upwards" should be your aim. The aim of every man should be to advance himself still higher in life. I know no plan by which the working classes could so well help themselves as by helping one another. You are able to do very

little, you say; you only earn so much a week; it is a very small sum, and what can you do towards elevating yourself? Why, by uniting together small sums till they became large ones, and thus an amount of capital would be got together to start a business, and the result would become something great at last; you might even equal the Rochdale Pioneers. Above all, if you would save money, you must put away intoxicating drink, for the Temperance movement and the Co-operative movement were twins. These two, if allowed to work together, would help each other. They are, as it are, the lifebuoys which are to elevate the working men from the sea in which they are sinking. If you look at the condition of the agricultural labourer, the mechanic, and others, you will find these societies would be a benefit and a blessing to the whole of them. Short-sighted men consider these co-operative societies are going to injure them, in that some part of their profits will be diminished. But it will be found that even these men would be advantaged, for they will begin to save, and in their turn would have more to spend; and the consequences will be that there would be fewer poor-rates and police-rates, and more money devoted to the elevation of the working classes. Let the working classes set themselves to work, and be determined to elevate and emancipate themselves, and then they will become capitalists and landholders; and let those in the higher stations of life not attempt to hinder them in their course, but rather to stimulate them in their efforts. Great results would be achieved by a wise co-operation of all classes of society.

LATIN WORDS AND PHRASES EXPLAINED.

Ab initio. From the beginning.

Ab uno disce omnes. From one you may judge of the whole.
A fortiori. With stronger reason.

A priori. From a prior reason; from the cause to the effect.
A posteriori. From a posterior reason; from the effect to the

cause.

Ad captandum vulgus. To catch the rabble.

Ad infinitum. To infinity; without end.
Ad libitum. At pleasure.

Ad referendum. For further consideration.

Ad valorem. According to the value.

Alias. Otherwise.

Alibi. Elsewhere; proof of having been elsewhere.
Alma mater (Benign Mother). The University.
A mensa et thoro. From bed and board.

Amor patriæ. Love of our country.

Anguis in herba. A snake in the grass.

Anno Domini (A.D.). In the year of our Lord.

Anno Mundi (A.M.). In the year of the world.

Ante meridiem (A.M.). Before noon.

Argumentum ad hominem. Argument applied to the person. Argumentum ad ignorantium. Argument drawn from your oppo

nent's ignorance.

Argumentum baculinum. Argument of blows: a cudgel.

Artis est celare artem.

The art is to conceal art.

Audi alteram partem. Hear the other party.
Aura popularis. The gale of popular favour.
Bona fide. In good faith.

Brutum fulmen. An impotent threat.

Cacoethes scribendi. An itch for writing.

Capias. You may take (a law term).

Caput mortuum. The worthless remains.

Cæteris paribus. Other circumstances being equal.

Compos mentis. Of sound mind.

Cornu copiæ. The horn of plenty.

Cui bono? To what good will it tend?

Cum privilegio. With privilege.

Currente calamo. With a running pen.

Custos rotulorum. Keeper of the rolls.

Deceptio visus. An illusion of the eye.

Data. Things granted.

De facto. From the fact; in possession.

De jure. From the law; by right.

De mortuis nil nisi bonum. Of the dead say nothing except what

is good.

Dei gratia. By the grace of God.

De novo. Anew; over again.
Deo volente. God willing.

Desideratum. A thing desired.

Desunt cætera.

The remainder is wanting.

Divide et impera. Divide and govern.

Dramatis persona. The characters in a play.

Durante placito. During pleasure.

Durante vita. During life.

Equilibrium. Equality of weight.
Ergo. Therefore.

Errata. Mistakes in printing.
Esto perpetua. May it last for ever.
Et cætera (&c.). And the rest.
Exit. He goes off; departure.
Exeunt omnes. They all go off.
Exempli gratia (e.g.). For example.
Ex cathedra. From the chair.
Excerpta. Extracts from a work,

Ex concesso. From what has been conceded.

Ex nihilo nihil fit. From nothing nothing can come.

Ex officio. Officially,

Ex parte. On one side.

Ex pede Herculem. Judge of the whole from the specimen.
Experimentum crucis. A decisive experiment.

Ex tempore. Without premeditation.

Exuvia. Cast skins of animals.

Fac simile. An exact copy.

Felo de se. A self-murderer; a suicide.

Festina lente. Hasten deliberately.

Fiat. Let it be done.

Fiat justitia, ruat coelum. Let justice be done, though ruin ensue. Genus irritabile vatum. The irritable race of poets.

Gratis. For nothing.

Hiatus. An opening or gap.

Humanum est errare.

To err is human.

Ibidem. In the same place.

Idem. The same.

Id est (i.e.), That is.

Ignis fatuus. Will-o'-the-Wisp.

Imitatores servum pecus.

Servile herd of imitators.

Imperium in imperio. A government within a goverment.

Imprimatur. Let it be printed.

Imprimis. In the first place.

Impromptu. Without study.
In forma pauperis. As a pauper.
In limine. At the outset.

In propria persona. In person.
In re. In the matter or business of.
In statu quo. In the former state.
In terrorem. As a warning.
Interim. In the meantime.

Interregnum. The period between two reigns,
In toto. Entirely.

In vino veritas. There is truth in wine.

Ipse dixit. Mere assertion.

Ipso facto. By the fact itself.

Item. Also; an article in a bill or account.

Jure divino. By divine right.

Jure humano. By human law.

Lex talionis. The law of retaliation.

Labor omnia vincit. Labour overcomes everything.

Lapsus linguæ. A slip of the tongue.

Litera scripta manet. What is written remains.

Locum tenens.

A substitute or deputy.

Locus sigilli (L.S.). The place of the seal.

Magna charta (karta.) The great charter.
Manes. Departed spirits.

Maximum. The greatest.

Memento mori. Remember death.

Meum et tuum. Mine and thine.

Minimum. The least.

Multum in parvo. Much in little.

Ne cede malis. Yield not to misfortune.

Nemine contradicente (nem. con.). None opposing.

Ne plus ultra. No farther; the utmost point.

Ne quid nimis. Too much of one thing is good for nothing.

Ne sutor ultra crepidam. The shoemaker should not go beyond his last; persons should attend to their own business.

Nolens volens. Willing or unwilling.

Non compos. Out of one's senses.

Noscitur ex sociis. One is known by his associates.

Nota bene (N.B.). Mark well or attentively.

Omnibus. For all.

Onus probandi. The burden of proving.

Otium cum dignitate. Leisure or retirement with dignity.

Par nobile fratrum. O noble pair of brothers! (Ironical.)
Passim. Everywhere.

Pendente lite. While the suit is pending.

Per cent (centum). Per hundred.

Per fas et nefas. Through right and wrong.
Per saltum. By a leap.

Per se.

Pinxit.

By itself.

Painted it.

Posse comitatus. The civil force of the county.