"DEAR SIR, TO THE SAME. [Without a date, but supposed to be about this time.] “That you and dear Mrs. Careless should have care or curiosity about my health, gives me that pleasure which every man feels from finding himself not forgotten. In age we feel again that love of our native place and our early friends, which, in the bustle or amusements of middle life, were overborne and suspended. You and I should now naturally cling to one another. We have outlived most of those who could pretend to rival us in each other's kindness. In our walk through life we have dropped our companions, and are now to pick up such as chance may offer us, or to travel on alone. You, indeed, have a sister, with whom you can divide the day; I have no natural friend left; but Providence has been pleased to preserve me from neglect; I have not wanted such alleviations of life as friendship could supply. My health has been, from my twentieth year, such as has seldom afforded me a single day of ease; but it is at least not worse: and I sometimes make myself believe it is better. My disorders are, however, still sufficiently oppressive. "I think of seeing Staffordshire again this autumn, and intend to find my way through Birmingham, where I hope to see you and dear Mrs. Careless well. I am, Sir, your affectionate friend, "SAM. JOHNSON." I wrote to him at different dates; regretted that I could not come to London this spring, but hoped we should meet somewhere in the summer; mentioned the state of my affairs, and suggested hopes of some preferment; informed him, that as "The Beauties of Johnson" had been published in London, some obscure scribbler had published, at Edinburgh, what he called "The Deformities of Johnson.” "TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. London, March 28, 1782. "DEAR SIR, "The pleasure which we used to receive from each other on Good Friday and Easter-day, we must be this year content to miss. Let us, however, pray for each other, and hope to see one another yet from time to time with mutual delight. My disorder has been a cold, which impeded the organs of respiration, and kept me many weeks in a state of great uneasiness; but by repeated phlebotomy it is now relieved; and, next to the recovery of Mrs. Boswell, I flatter myself that you will rejoice at mine. What we shall do in the summer, it is yet too early to consider. You want to know what you shall do now; I do not think this time of bustle and confusion1 like to produce any advantage to you. Every man has those to reward and gratify who have contributed to his advancement. To come hither with such expectations at the expense of borrowed money, which, I find, you know not where to borrow, can hardly be considered prudent. I am sorry to find, what your solicitations seem to imply, that you have already gone the whole length of your credit. This is to set the quiet of your whole life at hazard. 1 On the preceding day the Ministry had been changed.-MALONE. If you anticipate your inheritance, you can at last inherit nothing; all that you receive must pay for the past. You must get a place, or pine in penury, with the empty name of a great estate. Poverty, my dear friend, is so great an evil, and pregnant with so much temptation, and so much misery, that I cannot but earnestly enjoin you to avoid it. Live on what you have; live if you can on less; do not borrow either for vanity or pleasure; the vanity will end in shame, and the pleasure in regret: stay therefore at home, till you have saved money for your journey hither. 666 "The Beauties of Johnson' are said to have got money to the collector; if The Deformities' have the same success, I shall be a still more extensive benefactor. "Make my compliments to Mrs. Boswell, who is, I hope, reconciled to me; and to the young people, whom I have never offended. "You never told me the success of your plea against the solicitors. "I am, dear Sir, your most affectionate, 66 'SAM. JOHNSON." Notwithstanding his afflicted state of body and mind this year, the following correspondence affords a proof, not only of his benevolence and conscientious readiness to relieve a good man from error, but by his clothing one of the sentiments in his "Rambler" in different language, not inferior to that of the original, shows his extraordinary command of clear and forcible expression. A clergyman at Bath wrote to him, that in "The Morning Chronicle, a passage in "The Beauties of Johnson," article Death, had been pointed out as supposed by some readers to recommend suicide, the words being, "To die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is generally his folly;" and respectfully suggesting to him, that such an erroneous notion of any sentence in the writings of an acknowledged friend of religion and virtue, should not pass uncontradicted. Johnson thus answered the clergyman's letter: SIR, May 15, 1782. Being now in the country in a state of recovery, as I hope, from a very oppressive disorder, I cannot neglect the acknowledgment of your Christian letter. The book called The Beauties of Johnson,' is the production of I know not whom; I never saw it but by casual inspection, and considered myself as utterly disengaged from its consequences. Of the passage you mention, I remember some notice in some paper, but knowing that it must be misrepresented, I thought of it no more, nor do I know where to find it in my own books. I am accustomed to think little of newspapers; but an opinion so weighty and serious as yours has determined me to do, what I should, without your seasonable admonition, have omitted; and I will direct my thought to be shown in its true state.1 If I could find the passage I would direct you to it. 1 What follows, appeared in" The Morning Chronicle" of May 29, 1782.-"A corre spondent having mentioned, in "The Morning Chronicle" of December 12, the last clause I suppose the tenor is this:- Acute diseases are the immediate and inevitable strokes of Heaven; but of them the pain is short, and the conclusion speedy; chronical disorders, by which we are suspended in tedious torture between life and death, are commonly the effect of our own misconduct and intemperance. To die, &c.' This, Sir, you see, is all true and all blameless. I hope some time in the next week to have all rectified. My health has been lately much shaken; if you favour me with any answer, it will be a comfort to me to know that I have your prayers. I am, &c., "SAM. JOHNSON." This letter, as might be expected, had its full effect, and the clergyman acknowledged it in grateful and pious terms. 1 The following letters require no extracts from mine to introduce them. 66 TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. "DEAR SIR, Jondon, June 3, 1782. "The earnestness and tenderness of your letter is such, that I cannot think myself showing it more respect than it claims by sitting down to answer it on the day on which I received it. "This year has afflicted me with a very irksome and severe disorder. My respiration has been much impeded, and much blood has been taken away. I am now harassed by a catarrhous cough, from which my purpose is to seek relief by change of air; and I am therefore preparing to go to Oxford. "Whether I did right in dissuading you from coming to London this spring, I will not determine. You have not lost much by missing my company; I have scarcely been well for a single week. I might have received comfort from your kindness; but you would have seen me afflicted, and, perhaps, found me peevish. Whatever might have been your pleasure or mine, I know not how I could have honestly advised you to come hither with borrowed money. Do not accustom yourself to consider debt only as an inconvenience-you will find it a calamity. Poverty takes away so many means of doing good, and produces so much inability to resist evil, both natural and moral, that it is by all virtuous means to be avoided. Consider a man whose fortune is very narrow, whatever be his rank by birth, or whatever his reputation by intellectual excellence, what can he do, or what evil can he prevent? That he cannot help the needy is evident; he has nothing to spare. But, perhaps, his advice or admonition may be useful. His poverty will destroy his influence; many more can find that he is poor, than that he is wise; and few will reverence the understanding that is of so little advantage to its owner. I say nothing of the personal wretchedness of of the following paragraph, as seeming to favour suicide, we are requested to print the whole passage, that its true meaning may appear, which is not to recommend suicide but exercise: "Exercise cannot secure us from that dissolution to which we are decreed; but while the soul and body continue united, it can make the association pleasing, and give probable hopes that they shall be disjoined by an easy separation. It was a principle among the ancients, that acute diseases are from Heaven, and chronical from ourselves; the dart of death, indeed, falls from Heaven, but we poison it by our own misconduct: to die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is generally his folly."- BOSWELL. 1 The Correspondence may be seen at length in "The Gentleman's Magazine," Feb. 1786.-BoswELL. a debtor, which, however, has passed into a proverb. Of riches it is not necessary to write the praise. Let it, however, be remembered, that he who has money to spare has it always in his power to benefit others; and of such power a good man must always be desirous. "I am pleased with your account of Easter. We shall meet, I hope, in autumn, both well and both cheerful; and part each the better for the other's "I am much pleased that you are going a very long journey, which may, by proper conduét, restore your health, and prolong your life. cost. 66 Observe these rules : "1. Turn all care out of your head as soon as you mount the chaise. "2. Do not think about frugality; your health is worth more than it can "3. Do not continue any day's journey to fatigue. 4. Take now and then a day's rest. 5. Get a smart sea-sickness if you can. 6. Cast away all anxiety, and keep your mind easy. 7. This last direction is the principal; with an unquiet mind, neither exercise, nor diet, nor physic, can be of much use. "I wish you, dear Sir, a prosperous journey, and a happy recovery. "I am, dear Sir, "Your most affectionate humble servant, "TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. SAM. JOHNSON." "DEAR SIR, August 24, 1782. "Being uncertain whether I should have any call this autumn into the country, I did not immediately answer your kind letter. I have no call; but if you desire to meet me at Ashbourne, I believe I can come thither; if you had rather come to London, I can stay at Streatham: take your choice. "This year has been very heavy. From the middle of January to the middle of June I was battered by one disorder after another! I am now very much recovered, and hope still to be better. What happiness it is that Mrs. Boswell has escaped. "My Lives' are reprinting, and I have forgotten the author of Gray's eharacter. Write immediately, and it may be perhaps yet inserted. “Of London or Ashbourne you have your free choice; at any place I shall be glad to see you. I am, dear Sir, yours, &c., "SAM. JOHNSON." 1 Which I celebrated in the Church-of-England chapel at Edinburgh, founded by Lord Chief Baron Smith, of respectable and pious memory.-Boswell. 2 The Rev. Mr. Temple, Vicar of St. Gluvias, Cornwall.-BOSWELL. DEATH OF BOSWELL'S FATHER-JOHNSON'S ADVICE-HIS CORRESPONDENCE WITH BOSWELL AND HIS LADY-POVERTY AN ENEMY TO HUMAN HAPPINESS-MRS. THRALE'S COOLNESS TO JOHNSON-HIS PARTING PRAYER ON LEAVING STREATHAM-MR. METCALFE-VISIT TO COWDRAY-JOHN NICHOLS-WILSON'S "ARCHEOLOGICAL DICTIONARY"-DR. PATTEN-BOSWELL'S ARRIVAL IN LONDON-THE ROYAL FAMILY-CONVERSATION-LIES OF VANITY-JOHNSON'S ANTIPATHY TO THR SCOTCH-GENERAL OGLETHORPE-OPIUM-NEGLECT OF MERIT-USE OF RICHES -GOLDSMITH AND LORD SHELBURNE-CRABBE'S "VILLAGE." N the 30th of August I informed him that my honoured father had died that morning; a complaint, under which he had long laboured, having suddenly come to a crisis, while I was upon a visit at the seat of Sir Charles Preston, from whence I had hastened the day before, upon receiving a letter by express. "DEAR SIR, "TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. London, Sept. 7, 1782. "I have struggled through this year with so much infirmity of body, and such strong impressions of the fragility of life, that death, whenever it appears, fills me with melancholy; and I cannot hear without emotion of the removal of any one, whom I have known, into another state. 66 Your father's death had every circumstance that could enable you to hear it; it was at a mature age, and it was expected; and as his general life had been pious, his thoughts had doubtless for many years past been turned upon eternity. That you did not find him sensible must doubtless grieve you; his disposition towards you was undoubtedly that of a kind, though not of a fond, |
