This is what the Scotichronicon has done in the reign of Henry III., and Mair in that of Richard I., and Thierry and Barry at other periods: but until some real authority can be produced for Robin Hood's existence, at some one period or other, he must remain historically a dream; or, if scholars please, a myth-" the hunter and the deer a shade :" but, in the mean time, he may be just as useful and renowned. The old giant-killer of Greece, commonly called Hercules, will astonish schoolboys by his labors to the end of time; and Robin Hood will have home and shelter in the very heart of English song and fancy, as long as there is pleasure in freshness, freedom, and adventure, in birds and ballads, in green woods, and the air that blows over the early morning of a nation's being.

CORRESPONDENCE.

WITH very great satisfaction we announce to our subscribers and the public, that we have succeeded in making an engagement with an American gentleman living in Paris-holding a high office under the United States; enjoying the best political and literary society of the continent; of long experience and high reputation as a writer upon books and public affairs-to prepare for each number of the Living Age a full account of the Politics of Europe, and the Literature and Science of France. expect to begin the series in November.

We

The heavy ground-swell which seems to announce vast changes in Europe, makes such an arrangement a matter of especial importance at this time; and we have unbounded pleasure in the prospect of carrying out, in so admirable a manner, an important part of our plan. We do not yet feel at liberty to give the name of our correspondent. When we do so, the well-informed reader will agree with us in the opinion that no other man has shown himself

able to do the work so well.

From the Oregon Spectator

TO THE EMIGRATION OF 1845.

BY MAJ. SULLIVAN.

TUNE-"The girl I left behind me."
As slow our wagons rolled the track,
Their teams the rough earth cleaving,
And drivers all still looking back
To that dear land they 're leaving-
So loth to part from all we love,

From all the links that bind us,
To turn our hearts, where'er we rove,
To those we've left behind us!
When round the bowl of vanished years,
We talk of joyous seeming,
And smiles that might as well be tears,
So faint and sad their beaming,
While mem'ry brings us back again
Each early tie that twined us,
Oh, sweet the cup that circles then
To those we've left behind us!

And when, in other climes, we meet
Some isle or vale enchanting,
Where all looks wild, flowery and sweet,
And naught but love is wanting,
We think how great had been our bliss,
If Heaven had but assigned us
To live and die 'mid scenes like this,
With some we 've left behind us!
Yet we have made a home once more,
In the Willamette valley,

And all the boys, both rich and poor,
May go and court Miss Sally;
As to myself, I count me blest,

If you will all excuse me ;
To ease the pain that 's in my breast,

I'll go and court Miss Susy.

FROM the Albany Citizen we copy a notice of Capt. Hale, and his very excellent letter:

CAPT. NATHAN HALE.-The name of this brave Papers which exchange with us, will oblige ish as a spy in the early part of the revolution, has but unfortunate officer, who was hung by the Brit

us by copying the above.

DR. SPRAGUE ON DR. CHALMERS.-The Edinburgh Witness says:

loomed up in latter years into a star of the first magnitude in our American history. At the time when he resolved on entering the army, he was engaged in teaching a school in New London, and we have the pleasure of giving below the identical letter, which accidentally came to light not long since, in which he first intimated to the proprietors of the school his intention to relinquish his place as teacher, and join the army. We have seen the original MS., which is in an uncommonly fair and beautiful hand. It is in the possession of one of our citizens, and is a valued relic.

"Among the numerous funeral sermons of which the death of Chalmers has proved the occasion, we know not a finer, abler, or better-toned, than one of the transatlantic discourses, which has, we are happy to find, been just reprinted in this country by our friend Mr. Johnstone. It is from the pen of Dr. Sprague, Albany, United States, so well known in this country by his work on revivals. Dr. Sprague's estimate of the intellectual character of Chalmers seems eminently just, and, formed at the distance GENTLEMEN-Having received information that of more than three thousand miles from the more a place is allotted me in the army, and being inimmediate scene of Chalmers' personal labors-for clined, as I hope, for good reasons, to accept it, I distance in space has greatly the effect in such mat-am constrained to ask as a favor that which scarce ters of distance in time-it may be regarded as foreshadowing the judgment of posterity."

WE make our first importation of poetry from the Pacific coast. It is gratifying to see that the Anglo-Saxon race expresses itself so nearly in the same way as it does in a more eastern country. Major Sullivan may perhaps become the "Moore" of that distant region.

"To the Proprietors of Union School.

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anything else would have induced me to, which is, to be excused from keeping your school any longer. For the purpose of conversing upon this, and of procuring another master, some of your number think it best there should be a general meeting of the proprietors. The time talked of for holding it is 6 o'clock this afternoon, at the school-house. The year for which I engaged will expire within a fortnight, so that my quitting a few days sooner, I hope, will subject you to no great inconvenience.

To John Winthrop, Esq., Rich'd Law, Esq., &c., fort. There he applied to a rich merchant, to whom &c., &c."

Pius IX. to the Austrian bayonets, to compel them to recede. But, should the virtues of the holy pontiff not produce that effect on Field Marshal Radetsky, what will you do? Such is the question everybody addresses to you to-day, and which it will not be possible for you to elude."

judge, and in which they have no right to interfere. | maintain. The Journal des Debats, conscious of The degree to which the constitutions of the can- those difficulties, which are entirely personal, intons have been altered since 1831, may necessitate sinuates that it will suffice to oppose the virtues of a reconstruction of the federal system, to an extent of which none but natives can know the urgency. We would gladly see the formation of the new constitution committed to parties of more moderate opinions, and more likely to conciliate the support of all the cantons than the present dictatorial canton. But, we repeat, it is not our wish, nor the wishes of any foreign state, but the will of the Swiss people, which, after it has unmistakably declared itself, will have to be carried into effect. The position of Switzerland is unique in Europe; the internal remedies she requires may be so likewise; but come what will, the independence of Switzerland must be preserved inviolate."

ITALY.-The Journal des Debats, M. Guizot's paper, expresses its opinion of the occupation of Ferrara by the Austrian troops in the following

terms:

THE WAREHOUSING SYSTEM.-We find in the London Times the following notice of the mission of two agents of our government employed to inquire into the working of the bonding system in England. We have not seen any notice of the appointment of commissioners for this object.-Daily Ado.

THE UNITED STATES.-We have very great pleasure in mentioning a matter of considerable commercial importance, and which evinces in a remarkable manner our friendly relations with the government of the United States, and at the same time that we have reason to feel proud of being so far complimented by our transatlantic brethren as to be looked up to as a model in commercial matters. Two gentlemen have arrived in the British metropolis from the government of the United States of America, and, as we understand, missioned by the American powers, for the purpose of making themselves officially acquainted with the machinery and conduct of our bonding system, with the view of introducing it into the United States, as a branch of commercial policy. By the term 'bonding system" is signified the scheme, adopted by Mr. William Pitt in the reign of George III., but since brought gradually much more completely and fully into practice and to perfection, as a system of permitting goods and merchandise, the prod

66

"We cannot yet properly appreciate the meaning and the bearing of the facts which have taken place at Ferrara, but we have every reason to believe that they will have a satisfactory solution. Pius IX., as we observed some days since, possesses all the means necessary to cause his rights to be respected. It is not only according to the extent of his dominions that the power of a sovereign is at present to be measured, and the chief of the Christian world, the prince who by sagacious reforms has rendered himself the idol of his subjects, possesses a moral force which is equivalent to battalions. If necessary, all Europe would lend its assistance to Pius IX., if his independence should be seriously menaced. We do not believe that such a case will arrive; but if it were otherwise-uce of foreign countries, to be placed, on importation if, as the opposition papers state, and as many persons believe that the occupation of Ferrara is but a provocation intended to excite passions and to foment disturbances in the pontifical states, the best mode as appears to us to reply to such a provocation would be to remain dignified and calm, and to show that the snare has been discovered."

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La Presse observes in reply, that Casimir Perier had availed himself of a less serious act, to order, in 1832, the expedition to Ancona. "We shall see," adds the Presse, what M. Guizot will do under existing circumstances. He discredited the intervention of Austria on the 4th instant, and flattered himself that it would not take place, when a thousand symptoms made it obvious in the eyes of the least clear-sighted. His usual optimism prevented him from taking serious steps to prevent it, which would have been a course far preferable to the obligation of repressing it. Now, for having wanted activity or authority, he is compelled to execute an act of vigor which is contrary to his habits, and for the accomplishment of which he has moreover placed himself in a false position, by his participation in the intervention in Portugal. Will he abstain? There would be danger in doing so. The conservative party cannot for its honor allow it to be said, that it is incapable to achieve in 1847 what it effected in 1832 under circumstances far less imperious. Will he act efficiently? What might be possible for others is no more so for M. Guizot, who, voluntarily and for the most frivolous satisfaction, trampled under foot principles which France is bound openly to

from foreign and distant places beyond the seas, in warehouses under bond, and instead of compelling importers and merchants to pay the duties at once on importation and take the same into their private stock, allows them to leave their goods in the said bonded warehouses until a sale or other adventitious and sufficient reason render it politic for them to discharge the duties due to the crown and take them home. This is the outline of the meaning of the term "bonding system," and commercial men, to whom we address this article, will be too well acquainted with the whole intricacies of the system and the great boon conferred on the trade by the vast extension of privileges which have been from time to time conceded by the executive government for the time being in the matter with respect to every description of merchandise introduced from all parts of the world, to require any further comment on the subject. These American gentlemen, who have credentials, we believe, as before remarked, from the United States, have been introduced by his excellency the American ambassador to our board of customs, and, although we have no positive information on the subject, we believe we may venture to state that the principal members of the board have received an intimation from the foreign secretary or the prime minister to pay the gentlemen every respect and attention, and to render them every practicable assistance in their commercial researches. The gentlemen were a few days since accompanied by the Right Hon. G. R. Dawson, the deputy chairman of the board of customs, to some of the great dock establishments, and intro

duced to the superintendents and managers of those | pathies for each other are manifestly small either vast marts of commerce, at the same time being never had an existence, or have perished under the conducted by Mr. Dawson through the docks and combined influence of famine and filth. Examples warehouses, and receiving such explanatory information on the various matters and movements of the practical working of those huge establishments as he is, from long practice and a perfect knowledge of details, eminently competent to give; and we believe that they have been accompanied on several subsequent occasions by one of the principal practical officers of the department, to whose care and attention they have been assigned by Mr. Dawson, and from whom they will also receive every requisite information on the subject.

THE IRISH IMMIGRANTS' FEVER.-This picture, copied from a letter from Dr. D. Drake, dated Gros Isle, thirty-three miles below Quebec, is extracted from the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. It gives a more forcible impression than a long statistical account of the physical, mental, and moral destruction caused by hunger and sickness. Like the sketches of Elihu Burritt, it will never be forgotten.

"Men, women and children, in all stages of the disease up to dissolution, are huddled together, and lying in the same foul and infectious clothes with which they started from Ireland; and which, no doubt, they had worn without change, for weeks or months before. The quarantine officers must not be blamed for this, since the means of classification and attending to personal cleanliness of the sufferers are not within their reach. As to nursing, it is evidently in the lowest degree. Nearly all the nurses from Quebec have sickened, and the immigrants furnish but few from their own body. Their sym

of the well members of a family refusing to wait on the sick, are familiar to all the medical gentlen; and a total indifference to the death of nearest relatives is witnessed every day. Following their remains to the grave, or in any manner assisting in their interment, is not thought of. But one idea seems to be present with them, that of getting up the river.

"A man who had recovered, on being asked by some one, whether he was going to Montreal in the next steamboat, replied that he wished to do so, but was afraid his wife would not die in time. The family of a young woman who was ill, sent to know how she was before they started. On being expos tulated with, they said it was not worth while to Barter, the apothecary to the hospital, who is now stay any longer, as she would no doubt die. Mr by my side, going to Quebec on official business confirms all that has been told me by others, an adds, as the results of his own observation throughout the summer, that the living seem more pleased than grieved by the death of their friends. My own limited opportunities suggest the same unwelcome conclusion; for I saw no aspect of sorrow; but a stolid indifference, or inquisitive gazing, at what might be passing around, both in the crowds of convalescents, and in patients not very ill, who lay in the midst of the dying. It is painful to record this testimony against human nature; but we ought to know to what depths of degradation large masses of people may be sunk by superstition, ignorance, bad legislation, famine and fever. The interests of political economy, religion and medicine, are equally involved in the contemplation of such revolting facts."

SCRAPS.-Imitative power of Birds; A Friend in Need; Criminal Courts, 53-Cultivation of Conscience; Porridge; Death Damages, 59-Musical Novelty, 71-Sir R. Peele and the Bible; Advertising in Germany; Dr. A. Combe, 86.

The LIVING AGE is published every Saturday, by E. LITTELL & Co., at No. 165 Tremont St., BOSTON. Price 12 cents a number, or six dollars a year in advance. Remittances for any period will be thankfully received and promptly attended to. To insure regularity in mailing the work, remittances and orders should be addressed to the office of publication as above.

Twenty dollars will pay for 4 copies for a year. COMPLETE SETS to the end of 1846, making eleven large volumes, are for sale, neatly bound in cloth, for

twenty dollars, or two dollars each for separate volumes. Any numbers may be had at 12 cents.

AGENCIES. The publishers are desirous of making arrangements in all parts of North America, for increasing the circulation of this work-and for doing this a liberal commission will be allowed to gentlemen who will interest themselves in the business. But it must be un derstood that in all cases payment in advance is expected. The price of the work is so low that we cannot afford to incur either risk or expense in the collection of debts.

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 179.-16 OCTOBER, 1847.

Cicero says that Lysippus recognized the lance bearer of Polycletus as his master." He could not, however, have intended that a single statue of a young man had served him as a guide in the numerous productions. Neither is there reason to suppose that in any of his lost works, Cicero expressed a different opinion on the subject of Lysippus from what he has done in this passage, which, as far as it bears on the question whether Lysippus had a master, in the ordinary sense of the word, would rather lead to an inference directly opposite to that which Pliny drew from it.

POWERS, THE SCULPTOR. [THE renewed interest in Powers and his works excited by the arrival of his "Greek slave" in this country, induces us to copy the following account of him and them, written some time since for a Mag-great variety of characters required for his very azine by Mr. Edward Everett.-Daily Advertiser.] Having spoken of Mr. Greenough and his productions in a former number, we propose to devote the present to some remarks on the works of Mr. Powers, another distinguished American sculptor, residing in Italy. Although it is but a few years since Mr. Powers can be said to have commenced the pursuit of his art, he is already to be regarded "It may be advantageous, meantime, to retrace less as a sculptor of the highest promise, than as the few traditions which remain to us of Lysippus.t one of the highest reputation. It is but about three In the first place, we know that in his youth he years since he went to Florence Before that was employed in the establishment of a bronze period, he had scarcely executed anything in mar-founder; here we may suppose that he was led by ble; and since his arrival in Italy, he has given inclination to make a commencement in sculpture. much of his attention to the busts which he had Doubtful, however, as to the choice of a preceptor, modelled in America, and yet he has already attained the name and standing of a master. We do not know any way in which we can do justice to Mr. Powers, and convey to our readers a just idea of his merit, and of the estimation in which he is held by good judges abroad, so effectually, as by translating an article from the Giornale Arcadico, for the month of October, 1840. This is a highly respectable scientific and literary journal, published at Rome. The article which we propose to lay before our readers, is written by Professor Migliarini, of the Grand Ducal Gallery at Florence, one of the most learned archæologists of the day. The biographical facts were probably furnished to him by some well informed American, and are in the We translate the article for the most part literally, but have occasionally added a few words, for the sake of rendering the sense more apparent. It is entitled

main correct.

he determined to take counsel of a competent and unprejudiced adviser. For this purpose he applied to Eupompus, an aged painter, the master of Pamphilus, who was at that time the teacher of the young Apelles. Eupompus was probably acquainted with the disposition of Lysippus, and when asked by the latter whom he should follow of preceding masters, Eupompus replied by pointing to a group of men who stood near; wishing to teach him that nature herself was to be imitated in her immense variety, and not artists in their peculiar manner. He who follows another,' says the great Michael Angelo, will never get before him.' It may be considered, therefore, as a principle, that the imitation of any former master, however excellent, is to be avoided, in order that the artist may not become the grand-child, rather than the child, of nature. This rule, however, is not to prevent the young artist from learning of masters how to imitate nature in the best and shortest way, taking advantage of their long experience.

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6

"THE YOUNG AMERICAN SCULPTOR, MR. HIRAM POWERS.-The history of the fine arts, expatiating This principle, at the present day, requires a litin a region most delightful to the human mind, hastle further explanation to guard it against the misconstantly awakened more and more of the atten- conceptions of those who recommend an imitation tion of observers, presenting them a succession of of nature as it is, without choice or judgment, not pleasing results, almost entirely free from the to mention that there are some who even extol sources of painful reflection so frequently encounnature in her defects. But we are not to lose sight tered in other narrations. The portion which reof what has been so often mentioned as to the great gards the preliminary training, designed to put the diversity between the Greeks and ourselves-bepupil on the road, which will conduct him to the tween their manners and ours; and how much desired goal, was early attended to for the direction more casy it was with them to procure models than of studious youth; and among the various sugges- with us; and consequently how much less difficulty tions to this end, we find expressions of the admi-attended the imitation of nature's choicest forms. ration excited by some rare geniuses, who have attained celebrity without the guidance of a skilful master. I propose at present to treat this last topic, in reference to sculpture exclusively.

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Pliny, upon the authority of Duris, relates of Lysippus, that he became a great master without having been the disciple of any one, although he informs us that Cicero differed on this point. If the passage of Cicero which Pliny had in his mind, is that with which we are all familiar, we must suppose Pliny to have misapprehended its purport. Lysippum Sicyonium, Duris negat, Tullius fuisse discipulum affirmat. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 19, 6. 7

CLXXIX.

LIVING AGE.

VOL. XV.

But let us look a little further, and see the sort of
imitation of nature which Lysippus practised. He
reached such celebrity, as to be included in the trio
that had the exclusive privilege of making the like-
ness of Alexander the Great. He himself was
fuisse. Cicero in Brut. 86.
*Polycleti Doryphorum sibi Lysippus aiebat magistrum

Sed primo ærarium fabrum audendi rationem cæpisse pictoris Eupompi responso. Eum enim interrogantem quem sequeretur antece dentium, dixisse demonstrata hominum multitudine, Naturam ipsam, imitandam esse non artificem. Plin. loc. cit.

Apelles in painting, Lysippus in bronze statues, and Pirgoteles in intaglios.