A History of English Law

EXCHANGE, the mechanism of, 96-97.
EXECUTION, process of, in the fair courts,
97.
EXECUTORS, how far assimilated to
trustees, 317; protection given to
them by the Chancery, 317-318;
position of, at common law, 418-419.
EXETER, Court of the Staple of, 107.
EXHIBITS, 181.

EXTRADITION, 49-50.
EXTRAORDINARY

PROCEDURE, the,
abroad, 173-175; in the Star Cham-
ber, 184-188

FAIRFAX, 221.

GARDINER, S.R., 186, 191, 196.
GARDYNER, 376.

GENEVA, the fairs of, 91.
GENOA, 70, 75.

GENTILI, his life and character, 52-53;
his books, 53; his De Jure Belli, 53-
55; other references, 10, 36, 38, 45,
51, 59, 341.

GERARD, M.R., 229, 260.

GERMAN MERCHANTS, companies of, 92.
GERMANY, commercial courts in, 95.
GERSON, 269.

GILDS, Italian, 68, 69, 71; in other
countries, 88, 89; see Companies.
GLANVIL, 168, 378 392.

GLOUCESTER, Richard, duke of, 127.

FAIRS, the international, 90-100; in Godbolt's Reports, 360.

England, 106-113.

FALSE JUDGMENT, writ of, 158.

FALSE MEASURES, 109.

GODOLPHIN, 12, 15.
GOD'S PENNY, 109.

GOLDSCHMIDT, 96.

FAMILY LAW, development of, by GOODRICH, Bishop, 218, 224.

equity, 309-315.
FERRETUS, 134.
FINCH, Sir Thomas, 343; Henry, 227,
233, 343; his Nomotechnia, 399-401;
Sir John, C.J., and L.C., 256-257,
343-344, 453; Sir Moyle, 344;
Heneage, 344; Heneage, Lord Not-
tingham, 344.

FIRTH, Sir Charles, 406.
FLANDERS, the fairs of, 91, 92.
FLETA, 378, 405.

FORECLOSURE, the decree of, 331-332.
FOREIGN JUDGMENTS, 38.

FOREIGNERS, their criminal liability, 49.
FORESTALLING, 109.
FORGERY, 293.
FORTESCUE, 185.

FRANCHISES, the commercial, 85-86; of
holding a market, 87-88, 89; belong-
ing to towns, 88-90; of the inter-
national fairs, 91; of companies of
merchants, 92; legal effects-abroad,
93-100; in England, 104, 106-113.
FRANKFORT, the fairs of, 91.
FRAUD, treatment of, by the Star Cham-
ber, 212-213; by the court of Chan-
cery, 292, 326, 328.

FREE SHIPS FREE GOODS, not the law in
the Middle Ages and later, 35, 45 n. 1,

47.

FREEDOM OF THE SEAS, the, 10-11, 42-43,
47.

FREIGHT, 122, 124, 144.

FRY, Sir E., II.

FULBECKE, 9, 22-24, 52.
FULLER, Thomas, 234.

FULLER, Nicholas, 350, 429.

GALSTON, John, 385.

GARDINER, Bishop, 5, 218, 224.

Gouldesborough's Reports, 276, 360.
GRASWINCKEL, II.
GRATIAN, 28, 29, 30.
GRIMSTON, 368.

GRINDAL, Archbishop, 7.
GROSS, 106.

GROTIUS, the merits of his De Jure Belli
et Pacis accounted for by his intellec-
tual training, 55-56; and by his men-
tal characteristics, 56-57; his place in
legal history, 57-58; his Mare Lib-
erum, 10-11; other references, 36, 38,
43, 50, 51, 54, 59, 101.
GUARDIANSHIP, 315.

HABEAS CORPUS, writ of, 300.
HADDON, 7.

HALE, Sir Mathew, his answer
Hobbes, 482-485, and App. III.;
other references, 154, 375-376, 380.
HALES, J., 349, 350.

HAMPTON COURT CONFERENCE, the,
231.

HANSE, the. 35, 92, 113.
Hardres's Reports, 363.
HATTON, Christopher, 226, 230, 300;
Lady Elizabeth, 442, 443.
HAWARDE, J., 163, 234; his reports,
163-164.

HAYWARD, Master, 259-260.
HAZELTINE, Prof., 412.

HEARING, the, in the Star Chamber, 184.
HEARSAY, 333, 419-420.

HEATH, Archbishop, 218, 224.
HEATH, C.J., 351.

HENRY II., 37.
HENRY III., 37.
HENRY IV., 40.
HENRY VII., 41.

HENRY VIII., 220.

HERBERT, 376.

HERESY, power of bishops to give a Institutes, the (Coke), 466-471.

capital senetence for, 433.

HERETICS, wars with, 31.

Herne's Pleader, 385.

Hetley's Reports, 361.

HEWINS, 133.

INQUEST, the, becomes a body of wit-
nesses, 172; procedure by, 171-176.
Institutes, Bacon's proposals for a book
of, 488.
Institutiones Juris Anglicani (Cowell),

21.

Instructions for the Warres (Ive), 9.

HIGH COMMISSION, court of, 429, 430, INSTRUMENTA PUBLICA, 78.

431.

HIRE, contract of, 418.

INSULT, no remedy for, at common law
unless damage was caused, 206-207.
INSURANCE, 73, 85, 101, 130, 144;
London court for cases of, 135, 150.
Instauratio Magna (Bacon), 241, 242.
John, INTENTION, as a ground of liability, 416-

HISTORIANS, their criticisms of Coke's
writings, 472-478.

History of Tithes (Selden), 408.
HOBART, Henry, 200, 342, 437;
342.

Hobart's Reports, 359, 365.
HOBBES, 459; his criticisms on Coke,
480-482; Hale's answer thereto, 482-
485 and App. III.

HOLBORNE, Sir R., 277; his Reading,
395.

HOLLAND, John, duke of Exeter, 127.
HOLLAND, Prof. Sir Th., 28, 53.
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, 32, 39.
HOOKER, 51.

HORSES, sale of, III.
HOSTIENSIS, 30.

HOTMAN, 22, 45, 52.

HUDSON, his book on the Star Chamber,
164-166; other references, 139, 147,
161, 164, 178, 179, 181, 183, 184, 187,
198, 199, 201, 202, 203, 210, 211, 212,
232.

Hughes's Abridgment, 377.

HUSBAND AND WIFE, contracts between,
310-312; see Married Women.
HUSSEY, 221.

Hutton's Reports, 360.

HUVELIN, 88, 90, 91, 96.

417.

INTERCURSUS MAGNUS, the, 41; Malus,
42.

INTERNATIONAL LAW (Public), history
of, in England, 25-60; causes for
growth of, 26; roots of, 26-27; the
mediæval ideas, 28-39; topics con-
nected with war, 29-36; other topics,
36-39; necessities of the territorial
state, 39-50; foreign sovereigns and
ambassadors, 39-40; permanent em-
bassies, 40-41; balance of power, 41;
commercial questions, 41-42; freedom
of the seas, 42-43; the topic of Peace,
43; of Neutrality, 43-44; inter-
national questions, 44-50; earliest
English writers on, 50-60; see Zouche,
Gentili, Grotius; a law inter gentes
50-51; division into Peace and War
originated by Zouche, 59.

INTERNATIONAL LAW (Private), see
Private International Law.
INTERNATIONAL LAWYERS, 5-7.
Interpreter, the (Cowell), 20, 21-22,

402.

INTERROGATORIES, in the Star Chamber,
180-181, 182-183; addressed to ac-
cused persons (abroad), 174, 175.
ISIDORE OF SEVILLE, 28, 30.
ISSUE, joinder of, in the Star Chamber,
181.

ITALY, influence of ideas from, on Inter-
national law, 39, 40; on commercial
and maritime law, 63-65, 66-85; com-
panies of merchants from, 92; com
mercial statutes of towns in, 72-73;
their growth of uniformity, 75.
IVE, Paul, 9.

JAMES I., his decree in favour of the
Chancery and its effects, 236-238; his
claim to decide conflicts of jurisdiction,
428; his view as to the position of the
judges, 428, 430; as to his power to
withdraw cases from the courts, 428-

429, 439-440; other references, 7, 8, LATIN PLEA ROLL, formal test of Court

JEOFAIL, statutes of, 413, 414.

Jenkin's Reports, 354, 362, 365.

of Record, 159-161.
LAUD, 261, 352, 403, 405.

LAW, supremacy of the, 424; Coke's
views as to, 428, 430-431, 451, 455-456;
of God, 216, 268; of nature, 216; of
the state, 216.

JERUSALEM, the Latin Kingdom of, 71. LAW MERCHANT, see Commercial and

JESSOPP, 405.

JETTISON, 85, 123, 124, 144.
JOINTURE, 312.

Jones' (W.) Reports, 363.

JUDGMENTS, in fair courts, validity of,
abroad, 98.

JUDGES, requests to, for extra judicial
opinions, 351; legality of, 427-428, 438.
JUDGES AND SERJEANTS, 340-355; high
judicial standard in Tudor period, 346-
350; salaries, 346; change in charac-
ter of bench in seventeenth century,
350; dismissal of judges for political
reasons, 351; occasionally show inde-
pendence, 352; sale of judicial and
other legal offices, 353-354; results on
the bench, 354-355; effect of the legal
character of the constitutional conflict,
354-355.

JUDICIAL NOTICE, 419.

JURIES, control of, by Star Chamber, 203.
Juris et Judicii Fecialis vel.Juris inter
Gentes (Zouche), 58-59.

Jurisdiction of the Admiralty Asserted
(Zouche), 12.

Jurisdiction of Courts (Crompton), 166-
167

JURY, half-native half-foreign, 104;
trial by, in fair courts, 107-108; rules
of venue, 117-119, 140-143.

Keilway's Reports, 359, 368.
KING'S COUNSEL, 341.
KINGSMILL, George, 342; John, 342.
KINLOSS, Lord, 260

LABOURING JURORS, 202, 203.
LACHES, 329.

LAESIO FIDEI, 295, 321.
LAMBARD, 403-404; his edition of the
Anglo-Saxon Laws, 403; his Peram-
bulation of Kent, 404; other refer-
ences, 166, 167, 214, 258, 260, 272,
275, 277, 337, 368, 470.

LAND LAW, technicalities of the media-
val, 414.
LANE, Richard, 257.

Lane's Reports, 361.
LAS CASES, 32.
Latch's Reports, 362, 367.

Maritime Law.
LAYTON, Dr., 5.
LEA, Sir James, 353-
LEADAM, 162, 163, 165.
LEE, Rowland, 5.

LEGACIES, payment of, 318-319; abate-
ment of, 319; payable in future, 320;
to a class, 320.

LEGAL EDUCATION, Coke's suggestions
as to, 465-466; Bacon's proposals,
488; see Inns of Court.

Legal Judicature in Parliament (Selden),

409.

LEGAL THEORY, books on, 16, 17-20.
Leges Henrici Primi, 403, 405.
L'HOPITAL, 95.

LEICESTER, the earl of, 52.
LEIPSIC, the fairs of, 91; commercial
court at, 95.
Leonard's Reports, 361.
LEWES, Dr., 7.

Lex Mercatoria, see Malynes.
Ley's Reports, 362.
LIBEL, see Defamation.
Liber Placitandi, 386.

LIBERTY OF THE SUBJECT, bills to safe-
guard, 450-453-

Libri Feudorum, 20.

LICENSING of the PRESS, effect of, on
law reporting, 366.
LIEBERMANN, Dr., 403.

LIMITATION, statutes of, not available
for trustees, 306-307; or against other
equitable claims, 329.

LITERATURE OF THE COMMON LAW,
378-412; books concerning writs and
pleadings, 379-387; books concerning
the land law and conveyancing, 388-
392; books concerning crime and
tort, 392-393; lectures of Readers,
393-396; textbooks, 396-397; stu-
dents' books, 397-401; law dic-
tionaries, 401-402; books concerning
constitutional law and legal history,

402-412.

Little Treatise concerning Writs of
Subpana, 270.

LITTLETON, 22, 118, 141, 342, 415;
Coke's Commentary on, 466-468.
LITTLETON, Edward, 257, 342, 345, 376.
Littleton's Reports, 363.

Littleton's Tenures, 378, 388, 396.
LOANS, forced, 450, 476; maritime, 85.
LOCAL AUTHORITIES, control of, by the
common law, 420.

MAGNA CARTA, 188-189, 449, 451.
MAINTENANCE, 201-203.

MAITLAND, 19, 34, 103, 106, 157, 345,
396, 402, 412, 475, 489.
MALICIOUS PROSECUTION, 417.
MALYNES, his life, 131-132; his Lex
Mercatoria, 132-135; other references,
II, 12, 46, 139, 144.

MANNINGHAM, 348.
MANSFIELD, Lord, 147.

MIDGLEY, W., 385.

MILAN, 68.

MILITARY DISCIPLINE, 34.

MILL, J. S., 455.

MILLS, William, 161, 166.
MILWARD, R., 409.

Mirror of Justices, 378, 405, 475; Coke's
use of, 459.

MISTAKE, 292, 326, 327.

MITCHELL, impeachment of, 445.
Modus Tenendi Parliamentum, Coke's
use of, 459.

MOLLOY, Charles, 131.
MOMPESSON, impeachment of, 445.
MONEY-CHANGERS, 96-97.
MONOPOLIES, 436.
MONRO, 264, 277.
Moore's (F.) Reading, 395.
Moore's Reports, 276, 362.
MORE, John, 342.

MARCH, J., his books on Slander and MORE, Sir Thomas, his career as chan-

Arbitrations, 382.

March's New Cases, 359, 365.

Mare Clausum (Selden), 10-11, 43, 101,
408.

Mare Liberum (Grotius) 10-11,43,47, 101.
MARINERS, position of, in Laws of
Oleron, 121-122, 123-124.

MARITAL RIGHTS, frauds on, 312, 313.
MARITIME COURTS, IOI.

MARITIME LAW, see Commercial and
Maritime Law.

MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL LAWYERS,
7.

MARIUS, his tract on bills of exchange,
131.

MARKET OVERT, purchasers in--abroad,
99; in England, 104-105, 110-III.
MARKETS, see Franchises.
MARQUARDUS, 76, 79.
MARRIED WOMEN, equitable modifica-
tions of the status of, 310-315.
MARSDEN, 6, 138, 154, 476.
MARSEILLES, 71.

MARTIN, Sir Henry, 7, 47.
MARY, 47.

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS, status of, 45;
trial of, 229.

MASTER OF A SHIP, position of, in Laws
of Oleron, 121-125.

MASTERS IN CHANCERY, the, 252, 253,
256.

Maxims of the Law (Bacon), 246, 398,
489.

MENDOZA, the case of, 45, 52.
MERCANTILE AGENTS, 144.
MERCANZIA, the, 69, 74.
MERCHANTS, influence of, on inter-
national law, 34-35, 38-39; place of,
in commercial courts abroad, 83-84.
MERCHANTS' MARKS, 144.
MIDDLE AGES, political theory of, 28;

economic condition of England in, 113.

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OBLIGATIONS, influence of Roman law of,
on commercial law, 79.
Observations on Lord Coke's Reports, 235,
464, 478.

Observations concerning the Office of
Lord Chancellor, 272-273.
OCCUPATIO, influence of Roman Law of,
on International Law, 42.
Office of Lord Chancellor (Selden), 409.
OFFICIUM, Gazariae, 70, 76; Mercan-
ziae, 69, 75.

Old Tenures, the, 378.
OLDENDORP, 274.

OLERON, Laws of, contents of, 121-125;
other references, 100, 120, 129, 130.
On the Compiling and Amendment of
the Laws of England (Bacon), 249.
ORDERS OF THE CHANCELLORS, 265-266;
N. Bacon's, 228-229; Ellesmere's,
232; F. Bacon's, 251-253; Coven-
try's, 255-256.
ORDINANCES, as
to French criminal
procedure, 174, 176; as to French
commercial law, 492.
ORDINARY AND EXTRAORDINARY PRO-
CEDURE, of the Star Chamber, 184-188.
Ordo Judiciorum, tract on, in Black
Book of the Admiralty, 126.

ORE TENUS PROCEDURE, in the Star
Chamber, 165, 166

Original of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction
of Testaments (Selden), 409.
Orphan's Legacy, the (Godolphin), 15.
Owen's Reports, 361, 366.

OWNERS, remedies for recovery of
chattels, 98-99.

Palmer's Reports, 363, 366.
PALEY, 196.

Pandectes of the Law of Nations (Ful-
becke), 9.

Parallele of the Civil Canon and Common
Law (Fulbecke), 22-23..
PARKER, Archbishop, 227.
PARLIAMENT, hostility of, to Chancery in
seventeenth century, 236-237; effects
of its alliance with the common law-
yers, 493.
PAROL LEASES, treatment of, by Chan-
cery, 233-234.

PARTIES the, examination of, in the
Chancery, 285-287.

PARTNERSHIP, in the fair courts, III;

in Chancery, 298; at common law,
418; other references, 84, 97, 139, 144.
PATENT LAW, 144.
PAULET, Lord, 224.
PAWNBROKING, 72.

PEACE, of the market or town, 89;
international law as to, 37-39, 43, 53,
57, 58, 59.
PECKIUS, 134..

PENALTIES, relief against, 293, 330.
PERJURY, 301.

PERKINS, 141, 388, 396.
PERPETUITIES, 306, 416.
PERROT, trial of, 230.

PERSONAL PROPERTY, growth of the
law of, 417.

PETITION OF RIGHT, 351, 352; history
of its form and passage, 450-453.
PHAYRE, 388.

PHILLIPS, M.R., 261.
PHENEY, Richard, 369.
PHILIP THE HARDY, 92.
PHILIP II., 45, 46, 47.

PIEPOWDER, Court of, 106-112; charac-
ter of cases in, 113-114.
PIGOT, 293.
PIKE, L.O., 473.
PILOT, the, 122, 125.
PISA, 70, 76.

Plea for the House of Lords (Prynne),
406.

PLEADING, defects of the common law
system of, 281; growth of written,
301; effects of this on law reporting,
371-372; precedents of, in the reports,
371; effects on legal development of
growth of law of, 419; in the Chan-
cery, 285-286; books on, 382-387.
PLEAS, to a Bill in the Star Chamber,
179; local and transitory, 140-141.
PLEDGES TO PROSECUTE, 285.
Pleas del Corone (Staunford), 392.
PLOWDEN, 372; reasons for publishing
his reports, 365-366.

Plowden's Reports, 357, 364, 365, 370,
371, 372, 373.
POLLOCK, Sir F., 56.

POLLOCK, Mr. John, 190.
POPHAM, C.J., 308.

Popham's Reports, 276, 361, 365.
PORT, a, 103.

PORTIONS, satisfaction and ademption
of, 320; double, 320.
PORTMAN, J., 348.
POSSIBILITIES, 334.
POWELL, Th., 274, 381-382.
Practice of the Court of Chancery Un-
folded, 274, 277.

Practice Proceedings and Lawes of
Armes (Sutcliffe), 9.

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A History of English Law, Volume 5