D. Appleton & Co., publish, complete in four volumes, THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION, FROM THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. BY F. GUIZOT, Prime Minister of France, etc. Translated by William Hazlitt. Price, neatly bound in cloth, $3 50; or paper cover, $3 00. "This work is divided into two Parts. The First contains a General History, or rather a profound Philosophical Analysis, of the leading events of the History of the Nations of Europe from the Fall of the Roman Empire to 1789, and of the principles that governed the historical progress of Europe during that period. The Second contains the History of Civilization in France in particular, with a general glance at the rest of Europe. The study of the social and political progress of what is called Modern Civilization is entered into more minutely in the Second Fart, and hence it became necessary to select one Nation as a type and to study it particularly. M. Guizot very properly made choice of France, which, intellectually, has been, as she still is, the Leader of Europe in Social and political progress. We cannot speak in too high terms of this admirable work. As a perspicuous analysis of those important political and religious movements of Europe, which have resulted in the formation of the great civilized Nations that now exist upon the earth, and as a clear and comprehensive summary of the events of the great historical epochs that succeeded each other, we think that this work has no rival. Others have written more in detail, and introduced us, as Thierry has done, more intimately into the daily life and the manners of the People; but for a study of the prin ciples that have lain at the foundation of the historical life and the workings of Nations, and of the philosophy of the historical movements which have marked the progress of European History, we think that M. Guizot has not been equalled. His insight into, and his dissection of the causes that led to the establishment of political institutions, and his analysis of the signification of great political and religious events, are clear and profound, and must assist the student incalculably in obtaining a knowledge of the history of which he treats. The rise and constitution of the Fnda! System, of the Church, the Affranchisement of the Cities, the commencement of Intellectual progress in Europe, the signification of the Reformation, are among the topics luminously explained by the powerful talent of M. Guizot. France has produced, within late years, some remarkable historians and Appleton & Co. are rendering an important service to the public in republishing their works. The study of History will be rendered more attractive, and a clear view of principles rather than a mere external description of events will thus be conveyed. We can recommend this work to every reader of History as one which appears to us indispensable."— Tribune. By the same Author, HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1640, From the Accession of Charles 1. to his Death Translated by William Haghtt. 2 vols. 12mo. Paper cover $100 or two vols. in one, cloth, $1 25. It is a work of great eloquence and interest and abounding with thrilling dramatze sketches."-Newark Advertiser. "M. Guizot's style is bold and piquant, the notes and references abundant and reliable and the work is worthy of an henonɩble place in a well-selected library. '—No Haven Cou OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY. BY M. VICTOR COUSIN. TRANSLATED BY O. W. WIGHT. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 200 BROADWAY. M DCCC LII. 265. a. 30. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, By D. APPLETON & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. CONTENTS. Scholastic Philosophy.-Its character and its origin.-Division of Scholas- ticism into three epochs.-First epoch.-Second epoch.-Third epoch. Birth of philosophical independence; quarrel of nominalism and realism, which represent idealism and sensualism in Scholasticism.-John Occam. His partisans and his adversaries.—Decrial of the two systems and of Scho- lasticism.-Mysticism.-Chancellor Gerson. His Mystic Theology. Ex- Subject of this lecture: philosophy of the fifteenth and of the sixteenth centuries. Its character and its origin.-Classification of all its systems into four schools. 1st, Platonic idealistic school: Marsilio Ficino, the Picos of Mirandola, Ramus, Patrizzi, Giordano Bruno.-2d, Peripatetic sensualistic school: Pomponatius, Achillini, Cesalpini, Vanini, Telesio, Campanella.- 3d, Skeptic school: Sanchez, Montaigne, Charron.-4th, Mystic school: Marsilio Ficino, the Picos, Nicholaus Cusanus, Reuchlin, Agrippa, Paracel- sus, Society of the Rosicrucians, Robert Fludd, Van Helmont, Böhme.- Struggle between sensualism and idealism. Leibnitz: an attempt at a con- ciliation which is resolved into idealism.-Skepticism: Huet, Hirnhaim, Glanville, Pascal, Lamothe Le Vayer, Bayle.-Mysticism: Mercurius Van Helmont, More, Pordage, Poiret, Swedenborg.-Conclusion. Entrance into the second age of modern philosophy, or philosophy of the eighteenth CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCHOOLS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Of the method of observation and of induction in history.-That induction, resting upon the observation of all the anterior facts in the philosophy of history, divides at first the philosophy of the eighteenth century into four systems. Confirmation of induction by facts.-Division of the European schools of the eighteenth century into four schools: sensualistic, idealistic, skeptical, mystical. Division of this course into four corresponding parts.— Order of the development of these four schools, and consequently the order to follow in their exposition.-Spirit of this course.-Its last aim. 125 SENSUALISTIC SCHOOL IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Subject of this lecture: Review of the different systems of the sensualistic school in Europe during the eighteenth century, in England, France, and Germany. That, even for the sake of fidelity, the historian should attach himself to the most celebrated systems.-In what order must they be studied? Ethnographical method. Three objections: 1st, arbitrary; 2d, shows not the concatenation, the reciprocal action of systems; 3d, unfa- vorable to scientific instruction.-Of the true method of its characters: To follow at once the dates of systems, their reciprocal dependence, and the analogy of subjects.-To commence with the metaphysics of Locke... 143 |