to whose hand he was accused of aspiring. Mary never resided there; but her son, James I., occupied it as his first lodging in London. In 1611 it was sold for £13,000 to Thomas Sutton, Esq., one of the richest merchants of that day, who established the present institution, for which he obtained a charter from James I. In the same year the benevolent founder died, and we are told that "high festival was held over his body."

"Before the funeral procession started from the house, there was taken by the assembled mourners a slight refreshment, in the form of a hogshead of claret, sixteen gallons of Canary wine, twelve gallons of white wine, ten gallons of Rhenish, six gallons of hippocras, six barrels of beer, with a little diet-bread and a few wafers. After the funeral the mourners dined at Stationers' Hall, where they ate forty stone of beef, forty-eight capons, thirty-two geese, forty-eight roasted chickens, thirty-two neats' tongues, twenty-four marrow-bones, and a lamb; forty-eight turkey poults, seventy-two field pig

eons, thirty-six quails, forty-eight ducklings, of pickled oysters, sixteen gammons of bacon, ten turbots, twenty-four lobsters, three barrels with a great many things more that are to be named before one comes to a great continent of pastry, and a sea of wine."

Such was the consumption of funeralbaked meats, when beneath the chapel of the Charter House the remains of its founder were laid to rest.

A noble monument to the memory of Thomas Sutton is this same Charter House. If we except Guy's Hospital, founded at a later period, it is truly, as has been said by Stowe, "the greatest gift in England, either in Protestant or Catholic times, ever bestowed by any individual." Its object is two-fold-a free education for the young, and shelter and support for the aged. Eighty venerable men, generally those who have known better days, decayed members of the liberal professions, merchants, and tradesmen, were here to

The patriarchs or their successors wander here yet; plenty retains her seat still, but does not reign with anything like universal sway; how frequent and copious is the supply of the "inhabitants of the wat'ry element" we have no means of knowing, but from what we can learn, the aforesaid patriarchs find the wilderness in which they wander not over stocked with manna, and no doubt often long to "go over and see the good land that lieth beyond Jordan." To be plain, the endowment has in many respects been shamefully perverted. The master was to be "a learned, discreet, and meek man, unmarried, and aged, when appointed, above forty years. He should neither have nor accept of any place of preferment or benefit, either in church or commonwealth, whereby he might be drawn from his residence, care, and charge of the hospital; and if he do, in such case he shall leave that place, or be displaced if he refuse to leave it." His salary was fixed at £50. Now the present incumbent may very likely be learned and discreet, perhaps as meek as Moses, an inveterate bachelor, and full twoscore years of age when elected; but what about other "preferments, or benefits," &c.? Well, it must be admitted he has a few. He is archdeacon of London, canon residentiary of St. Paul's, rector of St. Giles, Cripplegate, chaplain to the Bishop of London, almoner of St. Paul's; but all these places yield him only two or three thousand pounds per annum! Now his post at the Charter House is worth but eight hundred more, with partial board, and a residence, not at all Pharisaic in its character, for it is very humble externally, but has within some thirty or more rooms, quite luxuriously furnished. Poor man! No wonder that when a few years ago it was necessary to take the kitchen garden as an addition to the cemetery of the poor brethren, he needed twenty-five pounds a year to console him for the turnips and cabbages he would lose.

But how fares it with the poor brother! The institution was founded for him, and his condition must surely be improved. Let us see. When he comes he is shown his room, not very large, and containing a deal table and chair, bed and bedding, nothing more. There are no sheets; he must furnish them himself. He is told he will have thirteen pounds of common

candles a year—which will yield him about an inch a night—a twelve ounce loaf and two ounces of butter will be left at his door every morning, and this is to be his provision for the day, dinner excepted. At three o'clock there will be dinner in the hall, where, if he be punctual, he may eat as much as he can of good meat and pie, and drink a pint of table beer; but if he is a minute too late he must fast till morning.

If he stays away from chapel on a weekday he is fined three-pence; on Christmas or any other high festival, one shilling. No matter if he be so deaf that all is dumb show to him, he must be in his place. A nurse attends to him and seven others, eight hours a day. At night he is alone; and if he becomes suddenly ill, he must get up, light a candle, and place it in his window; if the watchman see it at his next hourly round, he will be attended to; if not, he may get well or die alone. No sister or daughter can spend the night at his bedside. If he dies he is buried in the Charter House Cemetery, but no headstone is permitted; and after a few weeks the mound over the grave is leveled, and the last trace of him removed.

The result of all this is, that the class for whom the foundation was originally intended-the sensitive and educated

cannot be comfortable there. It is but little, if any, better than an ordinary poorhouse. The time has been, however, when among its inmates were some who loved scientific pursuits, for it is recorded that Stephen Gray, a pensioner of the Charter House, with the aid of a very poor apparatus, discovered in 1732 the conducting power of non-electric bodies.

But the school is the principal object of interest. Here were educated Addison and Steele, those polished essayists, Blackstone, the profound legal commentator, and Isaac Barrow and John Wesley, eminent ministers of the gospel. O that some prophetic genius, some youthful Boswell, had but given us the history of the school-boy days of these and other eminent men! In how many cases would we find that the "boy was father to the man," and in how many others would there be a most remarkable contrast between John or George at school, and John or George fairly launched into the busy world. Addison, we are told, escaped from school to avoid punishment-feeding

on berries and sleeping in a hollow tree, till his retreat was discovered. Dr. Johnson tells us, that he was once ringleader in a barring out. Isaac Barrow gave little promise of success as a scholar. He enjoyed especially such sports as brought on fighting among the boys-was negligent enough of his clothes and still more of his books. John Wesley, though a favorite with the head master Dr. Walker, had some reason to complain of the usage he received. Discipline was relaxed at that time, and the older boys were accustomed to eat up the animal food provided for the younger. He was, therefore, on short commons-a small dayly portion of bread being often his only solid food. His father, however, had strictly enjoined him to run around the Charter House garden, (probably larger then than it is now,) three times every morning, a command which he faithfully obeyed. By this means, his biographer tells us, his health was improved and his constitution established; and so it may have been, though we are at a loss to conceive how vigorous exercise can be of much benefit, if the appetite created by it be not satisfied. He seems, however, to have loved the place of his early studies, and was in the habit of paying it an annual visit.

In this school forty-four boys are gratuitously fed, clothed, and instructed in the

classics and other branches of a liberal education. They must be between the ages of ten and fifteen, and can continue at the school only eight years. Twenty-nine "exhibitions," or what might be termed "scholarships," each worth forty pounds a year, are provided at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. To these, worthy pupils are entitled; or, if their parents or guardians prefer it, an apprentice fee of the same amount is granted them. The only recent instance of preference for the latter mode was that of Mr. Henry Siddons, who was apprenticed to his uncle, the celebrated tragedian, J. P. Kemble, "to learn the histrionic art and mystery." Nine ecclesiastical preferments are also in the patronage of the institution, to be conferred on those educated therein.

The exterior of the Charter House, with the green which serves as a playground, are represented at the head of our article. A view of the apartments for the scholars is here given. These consist of a handsome room and a large dining-hall. Here many a future statesman, warrior, and bishop, has been compelled to boil the kettle, toast the bread, and perform other menial offices, for the ease and pleasure of an upper boy. Over these are two large airy sleeping rooms, where each lad has a separate bed, and at the end of this dormitory are rooms for the assistants and

monitors. These last look out on a terrace, at the southern extremity of which a large door opens on a flight of four or five steps, leading into a small vestibule, on the right of which is the library, containing a valuable collection of works, in part the gift of Daniel Wray, Esq., deputy teller of the exchequer, once a pupil in the school.

Adjoining the library is the old court room, the decorations of which are of the reign of Elizabeth, and though much mutilated are still magnificent. The ceiling, which is flat, was once enblazoned with the armorial bearings of the Duke of Norfolk, painted and gilded under his own direction, while he owned the premises. But the hand of modern improvement has been at work, and-horribile dictu-covered it with a coat of whitewash! The walls are hung with tapestry, but the colors are almost obliterated. The chimney-piece is richly adorned. Four Tuscan pillars form the basement; in the intercolumniations are gilded shields, containing paintings of Mars and Minerva. Faith, Hope, and Charity are on panels of gold over the fire-place. The next division has four Ionic pillars, between which are arched panels, with fanciful gilded ornaments. On the pedestals are paintings of the Annunciation and Last Supper, well

executed in figures of gold on a black ground. The space between the pedestals contains Mr. Sutton's arms and initials on a gold ground. The center panel is of gold, with an oval containing the arms of James I. Mr. Sutton's arms are also to be seen in painted glass, in the windows at the upper end of the room.

This apartment is interesting on account of its magnificence; still more so as having been frequented by almost every illustrious character in England, from the time of Henry VIII. until the restoration. At present it is only used at the anniversary dinner in honor of Mr. Sutton, held on the 12th of December. This is a red-letter day with all Carthusians. A sermon is preached in the chapel in the morning, and an oration in Latin delivered in the great hall by the senior boy. After presenting a purse to the orator, to enable him to purchase books for future use, the members and visitors repair to the dining-hall. Here, when the cloth is removed, the ancient walls resound with the chorus of the old Carthusian song

"Then blessed be the memory
Of good old Thomas Sutton,
Who gave us lodging-learning,

And he gave us beef and mutton." The festivity is then chastened by a silent libation "to the memory of those