that her resources are increased in a ftill higher proportion than her, burthens. Her commerce is extended beyond all example in any country or age, and appears ftill to be increafing. New avenues were pointed out fome years ago for the circulation of British manufactures by Mr. D. Scott, of Bombay. The minifter for that department listened to and adopted his excellent plan, though oppofed by a phalanx in the direction, who had, or conceived that they had, an interest in the old fyftem. We have another inftance of ministerial firmness, happily co-operating with commercial knowledge and inA confiderable number ventive genius, in the pamphlet before us. of ships have been built according to Mr. Cochrane's excellent meand others, we understand, on the fame plan, are now on the

thod;

ftocks.

ART. 47. Eaft India Shipping. Copy of two Reports from the Court of Directors of the East India Company, to the general Court, respecting the Shipping Concerns of the Company, which are to be laid before the general Court, appointed to be held on Wednesday next, the 7th of February inftant. With a Copy of a Letter from Thomas Henchman, Efq. to William Devaynes, Efq.; late Chairman of the Eaft India Company, in the Subject of the Company's Shipping. To which is annexed the Subftance of a Speech delivered by Randle Jackson, Efq. 35 pp. Debrett. To be had gratis by every Proprietor of India Stock.

This is a vindication of the Court of Directors, who have adopted a plan, on the recommendation of Mr. Dundas, for reducing the old freightage, by the establishment of a permanent fyftem of navigation, on terms of fair and open competition. But this plan has met with great oppofition in the Court of Proprietors, under the influence of what is called the shipping intereft.

ART. 48. An Epitome of Logic. In four Parts. By N. Dralles. 35. 6d. fewed. Johnfon. 1795

not.

12mo.

The important advantages of logical rules to the province of found and fuccefsful reafoning, are felt by all who have confidered the fubject, and fufficiently manifefted in the examples of thofe who have The difcredit into which this study has fallen may with juftice be imputed, in a confiderable degree, to the intricacy in which it has been too generally involved, and the variety of ufelefs diftinctions and fuperfluous technicals, which have been accumulated in elementary treatifes. The writer of this epitome appears to have contemplated these obstacles in the light we have ftated; and the object of his treatife is profeffedly, to remedy this evil, by a clear and concife analyfis of the most important inftruments in human reafoning. In this, we think, he has very happily fucceeded. His epitome poffeffes every advantage of regular plan and perfpicuous definition. In throwing off the incumbrances of preceding writers, he has retained all that is effential to elementary inftruction; and rendered his treatife an ufeful manual to those who are anxious "to diftinguifh truth from falfehood and communicate their ideas with eafe, order, and perfpicuity."

ART.

ART. 49. A chronological Chart of ancient History, Sacred and Profane. By the Abbé Bertin, late Principal of the College at Abbeville, and one of the Teachers of the French Language in the University of Oxford. res. or 125. coloured. Fletcher, &c. Oxford. P. Elintly, London. The object of this chart is to exhibit at one view the most important Synchronisms of ancient hiftory, facred and profane. The facts are arranged in it according to two different modes of divifion. One of these refers them to the fpecific hiftory of which they conftitute a part; and the other to the periods at which they are understood to have taken place.

Agreeably to this plan, the series of the different kings, and the most remarkable events which have occurred in the hiftory of the Jews, the Affyrians, the Babylonians, the Medes, the Lydians, the Perfians, the Greeks, the Carthaginians, the Romans, and the other people who have taken the lead in ancient times, are here ifpofed in parallel columns, according to the epochs and ages to which they appertain ; in fuch a manner as to present the whole, with great clearnefs, either in the form of one general hiftory, or under that of as many diftin&t hiftorie, as there are divifions in the chart.

In regard to the dates, the retrograde mode of computation by years before the vulgar era is here adopted; to which are added, for the general epochs, the years of the world, and of the Julian period; as also, for the hiftories to which they have a reference, the eras of Nabonnaffar, of Seleucus, of the Olympiads, and that of the foundation of Rome. Throughout the whole, the Abbe has availed himself of the authority of the most approved chronologifts.

This chart, printed with much neatness in the form of a map, and in ended to be hung up, cannot, we think, but be highly ufeful to thole who apply to the study of hiftory, of which it claffes the different parts, in a manner calculated to affift at the fame time, both the memory and the judgment. It will be particularly fo to those who read the ancient authors, as it will ferve not only to affign to the principal facts recorded, or alluded to in them, the places which they ought to occupy in general hiftory; but likewife as it will point out most effectually the relation in which they ftand to each other.

We have been informed that the Abbé propofes publishing two other charts on a fimilar plan; one including the period from our Saviour to Charlemagne, and the other that from Charlemagne to the prefent time. We should be happy if, by our teftimony to the manner in which the prefent part is executed, we should in any degree contribute to encourage the author to complete an undertaking, of the utility of which we are fully convinced. It fhould be observed that this Chart, by going much more into the detail of facts, does not interfere with the plan of Dr. Priestley's historical Chart, or that much more complete French Chart of History, which was prior to that of Priestley.

ART.

ART. 50. Some Information refpecting the Ufe of Indian Corn: collected from the Papers of Mr. Winthorp and Mr. Howard; with Obfervations from Mr. Parmentier, on the Ufe of Potatoes in Bread; and Mr. Doffie's Directions for making of Bread in private Families. 8vo. 24 PP. IS. Pearfon, Birmingham. Baldwin, London. 1795. Any attempt to make known the different methods of preparing bread from other grain than wheat, is doubtlefs very fubfervient at this time to the public good; and we gladly affift in giving circulation to the knowledge of fuch attempts. The notion commonly entertained in England, that no vegetable fubftance is so proper an article of food, as wheat flour fermented and baked, is here fhown to be erroneous, from the example of the nations of the Eaft, who live almost entirely upon rice; of the German peafants, who eat only rye bread; of the inhabitants of the northern parts of Sweden, and fome parts of the Alps, whofe bread is of barley-meal; of the Scotch High lander, whofe chief diet is oat-cake; and of the people of the north of Ireland, whofe food is potatoes. The Eaft-Indians are faid to be not lefs healthy and itrong, and all the reft incomparably more fo, than Englishmen. P. 1. A full account is given of Indian corn, or maize, of which a large quantity has been imported. Mixed with rye, barley, or millet, or (which is beft of all) with potatoe flour, it is faid to make a wholefome and palatable bread, cofting, according to Mr. Howard's calculations, at least one third lefs than English brown bread. P. 11. Other ufeful information may be found in this little book; particularly Mr. Doffie's general directions for making bread; a method of preferving yeast, by drying it; and another, of making bread, at least as wholesome as the baker's beft white bread, from wheat, or Indian corn, potatoe-meal, rye flour, and fine oatmeal. P. 19. Turnips, carrots, parfnips, and Jerufalem artichokes, are alfo recommended as good ingredients in bread.

ART. 51. Abort Inquiry into the Nature of Monopoly and Foreftalling. With fome Remarks on the Statutes concerning them. By Edward Morris, Efq. Barrister at Law. 8vo. 27 pp. IS. Cadell and Da vies. 1795.

This is a strong apology for corn dealers, or (as they are vulgarly called) monopolizers of corn. It is ftated as undeniable, that under a fcarcity of any article of fubfiftence, the most rational conduct is, an early œconomy in the ufe of it. Then it is afferted, that a mere recommendation of fuch economy will be feeble and inadequate. Here the author is a little unfortunate; for experience is now every day proving the contrary. The next point may be granted to him, that a pofitive law would be inexpedient. He proceeds to show, that the neceffary restraint will be enforced by the operation of the corn dealers on the price, and that they are more interefted than any other perfons in providing the market with a conftant and equal fupply. The fubftance of the author's argument is this; dealers take grain from the market at one period, in order to bring it back at another; (exportation being qut of the queftion, as prohibited and almoft impracticable); by buying,

5

buying, they raise the price, when low; in order to fell, and thereby lower the price, when high. And thus, the artificial rife of the price, by reftraining the confumption during the early months, prevents the neceffity of a greater restraint in thofe fucceeding.

This tract is intended for fuch readers as have not leifure to confult Adam Smith, or other large works. The general principle of it is this-Liberty to all men, to buy and fell as they pleafe. Legiflators, and not reviewers, muft pronounce judgment upon this principle. Our chief bufinefs is, to fay whether the book be wellwritten; and this we can affirm, without any hefitation.

ART. 52. Memoirs of pretended Prophets, who have appeared in different Ages of the World, and efpecially in modern Times; pointing out, from authentic Sources, their Blunders, and the pernicious Confequences of their Pretenfions, &c. By a Clergyman. 8vo. 45 pp. 15. Johnson. 1795.

Much mifchief, both in civil and religious concerns, having arifen. from falfe pretences to prophecy, this author labours to preferve his countrymen from falling into a pernicious credulity in this refpect. This he endeavours to effect, by expofing the pretences of falfe prophets in various ages of the world, but particularly in later times. Among other predictions, that of the Duke of Buckingham's death is fhown to be of a very fufpicious nature, and to reft on the flender evidence of one man. That Mr. Halhed, a man of fome eminence in literature, fhould become a convert to fuch a prophet as Brothers, is fhown to be nothing new or furprifing; for the French prophets, in the reign of Queen Anne, had a moit zealous difciple in Nicholas ·Fatio Duiller, a man of very great abilities, an incomparable mathematician and philofopher. Mr. Robert Fleming is faid to have made no pretenfions to prophecy, and to have been only a modeft commentator on the Scriptures, who propofed one remarkable and fortunate conjecture.

The inference fuggefted by the author, which has been little controverted, except by fanaticifm, is this, that as all other modern prophets have appeared to be impoftors, fo Richard Brothers is no better

than his fellows.

1

ART. 53. The Juvenile Olio, or mental Medley, confifting of original Effeys, moral and literary, Tales, Fables, Reflections, intended to correct the Judgment, to improve the Tafe, to please the Fancy, and to humanize the Mind. Written by a Father, chiefly for the Ufe of his Children. 8vo. 266 pp. 3s. Newbery. 1796.

We have no objection to any part of this volume but its title, which looks too much like an advertisement to a quack medicine. It is, however, marked by this important diftinction, it will probably accomplish all that it promifes.

ART.

ART. 54. Defcription of Corfica, with an Account of its Union to the Crown of Great-Britain; including the Life of General Paoli, and the Memorial prefented to the National Affembly of France, upon the Forefts in that land; with a Plan highly beneficial to both States, illuftrated with a Map of Corfica. By Frederic, Son of the late Theodore, King of Corfica. 8vo. 212 pp. 212 pp. 49. Robinfons. 1795Colonel Frederic, for fo we understand he is called, feems to be no friend to General Paoli, nor very particularly attached to thofe principles which induced the Corficans to put themfelves under the protection of the British Crown, from which Crown the Colonel receives a liberal penfion.

FOREIGN CATALOGUE.

FRANCE.

ART. 55. Effai fur la Vie de J. J. Barthélemy, par Louis-Jules-Barbon Mancini Nivernois. Paris, chez Didot. 1795.

Authentic biography of illuftrious men cannot fail to be interefting; and the unaffected ftyle of this fketch of the life of Barthélemy, by the Duke of Nivernois, is one among many pleas which it has to be received on that footing. With refpect to the fubject of it, there are few parts of Europe into which his ingenious and learned work, the Voyage of Anacharfis, has not carried his celebrity. We shall give, from this memoir, a brief sketch of his life.

Jean Jacques Barthélemy was born at Caffis, near Toulon, January 20, 1716, and bred at Aubagne, between Toulon and Marseilles, where his father refided. He ftudied at Marseilles, firft in the School of the Oratory, afterwards in the Jefuit's College; and, having chofen the ecclefiaftical profeffion, was near falling a facrifice to his extreme ardour for ftudy, but recovered about the time when he received the tonfure. His ftudies extended to the Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic languages. After paffing fome interval at Aubagne, he removed in 1744 to Paris, where he was taken under the protection of M. de Boze, Keeper of the Royal Medals. His protector foon took him as his affociate, on which he undertook the laborious task of arranging the medals, to which the former, from age and infirmity, was unequal. On the death of M. de Boze, in 1753, Barthélemy, who had now been feven years affociated with him, was appointed to fucceed him. In 1755 he went into Italy, under the protection of the French Ambassador, M. de Stainville, afterwards

Duke