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The advantage of this method of testing the efficiency of the pupil-teachers is, that the comparison of numbers enables the master readily to learn whether the section is advancing, stationary, or retrograding; and the assistants are naturally emulous to secure a larger number of good marks on each occasion. In some instances, it would be well to place prominently in the school the comparative skill and efficiency of the teachers, as evidenced by the examination.

It may be objected to the above sketch, that very great labour is involved in such examinations, and hence teachers, who have had no opportunity of observing its results, may hesitate before putting it into operation. To such we may remark, that after a little practice the scheme is easily worked, and that whatever the amount of exertion involved, the valuable results that ensue more than compensate for any reasonable expenditure of time and toil.

SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATION-CHRISTMAS, 1857. SOME modifications of importance have recently been made in the scheme of examination for students and other candidates for certificates of merit. The object of these modifications, it will be seen, has been twofold:-first, to give greater general prominence to school management; and, secondly, to narrow the range of the second year's course, with a view to make it deeper and more thorough. As several minor changes in the curriculum have also been made, we think it better to give our readers the entire document.

COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL ON EDUCATION. Syllabus of Subjects in which Students in training, and other Candidates for Certificates of Proficiency as Teachers in Elementary Schools, must be examined.

FIRST YEAR.

Reading. To read with a distinct utterance, with due attention to the punctuation, and with a just expression, a passage from Mr. Warren's “Select Extracts from Blackstone's Commentaries."*

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Penmanship. To write a specimen of the penmanship used in setting copies.-' 1. A line of large text hand.-2. A passage in small hand.

Arithmetic.-1. To prove the usual rules from first principles.-2. To compute with precision and accuracy.—3. To make (with a knowledge of the principles) simple calculations in mensuration.†

Mechanics.-1. To describe the mechanical powers, and the most common modes of applying them.-2. To make simple calculations on the work of mechanical agents.

School Management.-1. To answer, in writing, questions on the expedients to be used for the purposes of instruction in reading, spelling, and writing.-2. To draw up time-tables for use in a school under given circumstances.

English Grammar.§-1. Its principles.-2. To parse (December, 1857) a passage

In Scotland, the four Appendices to Hume's History of England (infra, p. 6), if preferred as an alternative.

The course proper for a national school is here meant, being that which can be intelligently taught to persons having a good knowledge of arithmetic. The examples should be taken from a "Builder's Price Book."

Passages taken from the Reading Lesson-books commonly used in schools will be given in the papers on all subjects which admit of it, and candidates will be expected to show how they would explain such passages to children. Each paper will also contain questions on the method of teaching the elementary parts of the subject to which it relates.

All the answers made by the students on whatever subject (not confined to bare figures) will be examined as evidence not only of their knowledge of the particular subject, but also with a view to determining the marks to be allowed to them for grammar and composition. The power of writing plain and clear sentences, with correct syntax, orthography, and punctuation, is the immediate object of grammar. The greater part of the questions proposed on grammar will be founded on words

from the Chapters on "Master and Servant," and "Husband and Wife," in Warren's Extracts from Blackstone. *-3. To paraphrase the same passage.

Geography.-1. To be able to describe + the outline maps of the four quarters of the globe.-2. To be able to describe † the map of each country in Europe.3. To be able to draw the outlines of the above maps from memory.

History. The outlines of the history of England to be known thoroughly.
Euelid.-The first four books.

Algebra.§-As far as quadratic equations (inclusive); with problems.

Drawing.-1. Drawing free-hand from flat examples.-2. Linear geometry by aid of instruments.

Vocal Music. T

SECOND YEAR.

Reading. To read with a distinct utterance, with due attention to punctuation, and with a just expression, a passage from Milton's "Paradise Lost," or from Shakespeare.

Arithmetic.-1. The use of logarithms.-2. Compound interest and annuities.— 3. Methods of teaching arithmetic generally.

School Management.**-1. To teach a class in the presence of the inspector.2. To answer questions in writing on the following subjects:-a. The different methods of organizing an elementary school;-b. The form of, the mode of keeping, and of making returns from, school registers.-3. To write a theme on some practical questions of education, founded on moral considerations.

English Grammar and Composition.-1. To paraphrase (December, 1857) a passage from Milton's Paradise Lost (Book I.), or from Shakespeare's "Lear" tt— -2. To analyze the same passage (according to Mr. Morell's work).‡‡-3. To answer questions on the style and subject-matter of the work, or part of work named.

Geography.-1. Physical.-2. Political.-3. Commercial.-4. Popular astronomy. History. A paper of questions will be given, such as can be answered from a perusal of any one of the standard histories of England (Hume, Lingard, Pictorial, &c.) The paper will be divided into five sections, each section containing not less than five questions. The sections will reach (1) to the battle of Hastings, (2) battle of Bosworth, (3) death of Charles the First, (4) death of Queen Anne, (5) to 1815. No candidate will be examined in more than one section. The object of the second year's reading in history should be to deepen and quicken some specific part of the first year's reading.

or sentences taken from the work specified. It should be carefully read through, therefore, in short portions, as so many exercises in language, in illustration of the English Grammar used in the College, just as the Greek or Latin classics are read in public schools.

*In Scotland, the first Appendix from Hume's History of England (infra, p. 6) may be taken, if preferred, in lieu of this exercise.

+ The word "describe" is meant to be confined to words written, as distinguished from drawing, in paragraph 3.

The neatness as well as the correctness of these outlines will be taken into consideration. The degrees of longitude and latitude must be given.

Instead of (but not in addition to) this subject, students may be examined in Latin as far as the end of page 84 of Yonge's" Eton Grammar" (E. P. Williams, Eton). This grammar is mentioned only for the sake of defining the extent of knowledge required, viz. accidence, concord, genders of nouns, perfect tenses, and supines of verbs. The paper will be confined to grammatical questions and to exercises within the limit prescribed.

If candidates have already obtained prizes from the department of science and art in either of these two exercises, they may work two (but not more) of the next exercises in which they have not obtained such prizes, according to the course of drawing in the second year.

This paper will not be given to any candidate who does not produce a certificate signed by the principal of the training school that he can sing or can play on some instrument. Acting teachers who are candidates must produce a similar certificate from some competent person, such as the organist of their church, &c.

** Passages taken from the Reading Lesson-books commonly used in schools will be given in the papers on all subjects which admit of it, and candidates will be expected to show how they would explain such passages to children. Each paper will also contain questions on the method of teaching the elementary parts of the subject to which it relates.

A passage from each author will be given; either (not both) may be taken by the candidate.
The "Analysis of Sentences explained and simplified." Theobald, London.

Drawing.*-1. Free-hand drawing from flat examples.-2. Linear geometry by aid of instruments.-3. Linear perspective.-4. Shaded drawing from objects.5. Drawing of objects from memory.

Vocal Music.

Alternative subjects of the second year, in one only of which students will be

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School Management.-1. To teach a class in the presence of the inspector.2. To write an essay upon a thesis embracing the principles of education. Vocal Music-Drawing.-See second year.

In addition to the above subjects, students of the third year will be examined in one of the following subjects, at their option. They will be required to specify the subject at the commencement of the third year: -1. Mental science as applied to education.-2. Experimental science (especially as applied to manufactures and agriculture).-3. Higher mathematics.-4. Languages (ancient or modern), as a means of intellectual discipline.-5. History.-6. English literature.

i. With regard to mental science as applied to education, it will have to be observed, in the first place, that an essay bearing upon this subject is required of all students at the end of the third year. The subject has to be regarded, therefore, not only from a general, but also from a special point of view. Any essay of the kind in question implies the power of giving an intelligent analysis of the human mind in its principal operations (moral and intellectual), and of accounting thereby

* Candidates need not work again exercises for which they have already obtained prizes from the department of science and art, but may confine themselves to the other exercises.

No training school will be allowed to present candidates for examination in this subject if the inspector reports that the institution is without sufficient apparatus to give experimental instruction.

Mr. Temple names the following works as indicative of the subjects to which the examination will be limited, but not as the only works in which the same subjects may be studied for the purpose; viz., Dr. Wilson's Treatise on Chemistry, and selected chapters from the Elements of Natural Philosophy, by Dr. Golding Bird and C. Brooke. (Churchill.)

The following machines may be specified-a pump, a door-lock, a house-clock, a Bramah's press, a crane, a fire-engine, a gas-meter, a thrashing-machine, a flour-mill, a steam-engine, and an organ; also the following instruments-an air-pump, a thermometer, a barometer, a hydrometer, a microscope (simple and compound), and a telescope. If large diagrams, showing the internal structure of each machine or instrument, and lettered to correspond with the paragraphs of a succinct explanation at the foot, were hung on the walls of rooms frequented by the students, such knowledge would be imperceptibly acquired and perfected. The diagrams might be produced, or multiplied, by the students themselves. Models cost more; frequent dissection is apt to spoil them; and, without it, they are not more intelligible than the machines themselves. As a text-book, Mr. Temple names the Rev. H. Goodwin's Elementary Course of Mathematics.]

for rules of practice in the actual business of education. The works of one or more standard authors should be carefully read, and the experimental verification of such reading should be sought in the model school of each Training College. If the same subject be further pursued as one of the specialities of the third year, their Lordships for the present will be prepared to consider such books as may be proposed to them in each training school, and they will endeavour to make such books the basis of a sufficient examination, embracing-1. Logic; 2. The mental faculties ; 3. Moral systems. The number and variety of the books proposed under this grouping will perhaps not be so great as to render an examination which embraces all impracticable.

ii. Experimental Science (especially as applied to Manufacture and Agriculture).— The following works have been named as indicative of the subjects to which the examination will be limited, but not as the only works in which the same subjects may be studied for the purpose, viz. :-Dr. Wilson's Treatise on Chemistry; Professor Johnstone's "Elements of Agricultural Chemistry" and "Chemistry of Common Things;" The Elements of Natural Philosophy, by Dr. Golding Bird and C. Brooke. (Churchill).

iii. Higher Mathematics.-Under this head Mr. Moseley proposes to include,1. Spherical trigonometry.-2. Astronomy,* and the fundamental propositions of Navigation.+-3. Mechanics. -4. Hydrostatics.*-5. Optics.*-6. Differential and integral calculus.

iv. Languages (Ancient or Modern) as a Means of Intellectual Discipline.—Any one of the following subjects, but not more than one :

1. Latin.-The Four Georgics; Cicero's First Book of the Offices;-to be translated and explained analogously to the works named under English grammar and composition for the second year. To turn English into Latin prose. English passage will be a translation from the specified work of Cicero.

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2. Greek. Similar exercises; the works to be, Iphigenia in Tauris (Euripides), First book of Anabasis (Xenophon).

3. German.—Similar exercises; the works to be, Schiller's Thirty Years' War; Schiller's Wallenstein (Camp, Piccolomini, Death).

4. French. Similar exercises; the works to be, Thierry's Conquest of England by the Normans; Racine's Andromaque, Athalie, and Iphigénie.

v. History.-Two of the periods named under history in the second year, of which two periods one at least must not have been previously taken by the candidate; adding, Warren's extracts from Blackstone; Hallam's History of the Middle Ages (chapter viii.), and Constitutional History.

vi. English Literature. The history of English literature; a list of eight works, or parts of works, of approved English authors, to be submitted to their lordships for consideration before 1st July.

EDUCATIONAL MUSEUM.

THIS Museum is under the charge of the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council on Education, and is situated in the Cromwell-road, South Kensington. Its objects are thus described in a recent circular of their Lordships :

I. To aid all classes of the public in carrying out the work of National Education, *See the propositions given in the Rev. H. Goodwin's "Elementary Course of Mathematics."

+ See "Inman's Navigation" and Hymer's edition of Maddy's Astronomy. The candidates should be able to compute with accuracy.

In addition to the propositions proved in Mr. Goodwin's course, the theory of work, including the principles of virtual velocities and vis viva, and the theory of simple machines and of elementary structures, taking into account friction.

and especially those engaged in teaching, the Lords of the Committee on Education have arranged to establish, at the New Buildings at South Kensington, a Museum which will exhibit under a proper classification all important books, diagrams, illustrations, and apparatus connected with education, already in use, or which may be published from time to time, either at home or abroad.

II. It is proposed that the Museum shall be opened to the public next Spring. The public will be admitted free to the Museum as a public exhibition on certain days of the week; and on other days, which will be reserved for students, opportunity will be given to examine and consult the objects.

III. The objects exhibited at St. Martin's Hall in 1854, which were presented to the Society of Arts, and by that Society given to the Education Board in order to found a Museum, will form part of the Educational Museum. The producers of apparatus, books, diagrams, maps, &c., used in teaching, will have the privilegesubject to certain regulations—of placing their publications and productions in the Museum, and thus making them known to the public. A catalogue will be prepared which will contain the price lists which exhibitors may furnish for insertion. IV. The books and objects will be grouped under the following divisions :

(1) School buildings and fittings, forms, desks, slates, plans, models, &c.— (2) General education, including—a. Reading; b. Writing; c. Grammar; d. Arithmetic; e. Mathematics; f. Foreign languages; g. Histories.-(3) Drawing and the Fine Arts.--(4) Music.—(5) Household Economy.--(6) Geography and Astronomy.-(7) Natural History.-(8) Chemistry.--(9) Physics.-(10) Mechanics.— (11) Apparatus for teaching the blind and the deaf and dumb.

V. In organising the Museum, the Committee on Education hope to have the co-operation of all who are interested in the object.

Books, diagrams, maps, apparatus, &c., intended for the Museum, may be addressed to the Secretary of the Department of Science and Art, Cromwell-road, South Kensington, W., care of Mr. Richard Thompson, Superintendent of the Museum.

CERTIFICATES AND PRIZES FOR DRAWING.

THE following is an extract from the New Minute of Council respecting Drawing:

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"A memorandum of full competency to give instruction in drawing will be recorded in favour of those candidates only who have successfully performed each of the five exercises enumerated in the Schedule No. 1.

"Teachers already holding certificates of merit may either attend the December Examinations at the training schools before Her Majesty's Inspectors, in order to perform the exercises in drawing, or they may make any arrangements which may be in their power for attendance at a drawing school in connexion with the department of science and art, in order to be examined therein. Their exercises, whether worked at the December Examinations, or in connexion with the drawing school, pass equally for revision to the department of science and art; and it is matter of indifference whether the notice of success reaches the Committee of Council as part of the Report upon the December Examinations, or at any other time.

"The payments mentioned in the following paragraphs are confined to certificated or registered teachers, and are independent of the prizes mentioned in Schedule No. 2.

"Teachers conditionally entitled as the holders of certificates of merit to augmentation of salary will receive, in addition to such augmentation, the following annual payments according to the exercises (see Schedule No. 1) which they may be registered as having passed in drawing:

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"These several annual payments will be made only as incident to the augmentation grant, and will be subject therefore to all its conditions.

"If it should be reported to the Committee of Council on Education that undue preference were given to drawing over other necessary branches of elementary instruction, or that drawing were not made conducive to good writing, or that drawing itself were not properly taught throughout the school, these payments would be liable to be withdrawn.

"If a certificated or registered teacher with apprentices hold a memorandum of full competency in drawing such teacher may (in addition to the sums mentioned in the last paragraph, and also in addition to the ordinary augmentation and gratuity) receive the sum of £1 for every apprentice up to

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