FORSTER & ANDREWS BEVINGTON & SONS ORGAN BUILDERS, HULL. Manufactories : CHARLOTTE STREET and DOCK STREET. Wood Yards: LIME STREET, HULL. ESTABLISHED 1843. During the last forty years F. & A. have built nearly One Thousand Organs, which have been erected in Africa, Australia, Belgium, East Indies, Italy, Portugal, South America, West Indies, and the United Kingdom. NORMAN'S UNIVERSAL POLISH REVIVER. This Reviver is pronounced by all the leading firms to be the best ever made for Reviving Pianos, Organs, or, in fact, any kind of cabinet work. Sample bottle sent to any part of the United Kingdom for 18 stamps. TRADE PRICE ON APPLICATION TO F. NORMAN, 114, Liverpool Road, London, N. ESTABLISHED 1827. T. R. WILLIS, Organ Builder, Metal & Wood Pipe Maker and Voicer, AN ORGAN KEPT FOR PRACTICE. IMPORTANT TO MUSICSELLERS. B. WILLIAMS, having the Largest and most Varied Stock in Europe, Orders received in the Morning are executed the same day. Terms and Catalogue on application. Authors' Works corrected, revised, and printed without delay, on exceptionally low terms. Estimates given on receipt of MSS. Parcels of Music sent on "Sale or Return" on receipt of two London references, or a deposit of £2. B. WILLIAMS, 19, Paternoster Row, London, E.C. NOW READY. A TREATISE ON HARMON Y, By E. SILAS. Price 2/6. Messrs. WEEKES & Co., 14, Hanover St., Hanover Sq., W. HA A. HUNTER & SON AVE just made some very important Improvements in the construction of Organs, and have patented a TUBULAR PNEUMATIC CHAMBER FOR COUPLING-an Organ having been built to show these improvements, and to illustrate the special advantages of Specifications, Designs, and Estimates prepared from £100 upwards, for all descriptions of Church and Chamber Organs also for Rebuilding, Additions, and Repairs. Organs Tuned and kept in Order by Contract in any part of the United Kingdom. PRICE LIST ON APPLICATION. MALEY, YOUNG & OLDKNOW, PROSPECTUS FREE ON APPLICATION. Under the Sanction and Approval of the REV. SIR FREDERICK THE MUSICIAN, A GUIDE FOR PIANOFORTE STUDENTS, BY RIDLEY PRENTICE. Contains analyses of well-known pieces progressively arranged, enabling the pupil to unite a study of musical form with the ordinary pianoforte practice. Saturday Review.-"We are far from suggesting that there is any royal road for acquiring technical knowledge, but we are quite certain Mr. Ridley Prentice's road is in every way the pleasantest that has yet been laid before any pianoforte student." Academy.-"A knowledge of form is imparted in simple and pleasant language. We heartily commend it to all who desire to understand, satisfactorily interpret, and enjoy beautiful music." Graphic.-"Written with the laudable purpose of helping the pianoforte student to understand and enjoy beautiful music." School-Board Chronicle.-" A useful book for earnest teachers." existence." W. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW; AND ALL BOOK AND MUSIC SELLERS. ESTABLISHED 1851. the Tubular Coupling Chamber. Some of the special advantages orgaf BIRKB built on this principle are: 1st. That as the Couplers do not affect the Keys, a uniform touch is obtained. 2nd. That they act more promptly than any ordinary arrangement can; and 3rd. That they require no extra pressure of wind, and, consequently, there is no extra cost to maintain them. The Clergy, Profession, and Organ Builders are respectfully invited to inspect the Organ at the Factory, 65A, High St., Clapham, S. W. The following is a description of the Organ built on the Tubular Principle by Messrs. A. HUNTER & SON : BANK. Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. Current Accounts opened according to the usual practice of other Bankers and interest allowed on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £50. No commission charged for keeping Accounts, excepting under exceptional circumstances. The Bank also receives money on Deposit, at Three per cent. interest, repayable on demand. Deeds, Writings, and other Securities and Valuables, the collection of Bills The Bank undertakes for its Customers, free of charge, the custody of of Exchange, Dividends, and Coupons, and the purchase and sale of Stocks, Shares, and Annuities. Letters of Credit and Circular Notes issued. A Pamphlet, with full particulars, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manage The Birkbeck Building Society's Annual Receipts exceed Five Millions. HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, with immediate Possession, and no Rent to Pay.-Apply at the Office of the BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with immediate Possession either for Building or Gardening purposes.-Apply at the Office of the BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. A pamphlet, with full particulars, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. Advertisement Agent, HARRY LAVENDER, 185, Fleet Street, E.C. Musical Standard A Newspaper for Musicians, Professional and Amateur. No. 1095. VOL. XXIX. FOURTH SATURDAY, JULY 25, 1885. WEEKLY: PRICE 3D. TRINITY COLLEGE, LONDON, President-The Right Hon. The EARL of ABERDEEN. SESSION 1885-6. An Examination will be held at Trinity College, London, in October, 1885, for each of the following Exhibitions:-The College Violin, Viola, Violoncello, and Double Bass Exhibitions. Candidates must be British Subjects by birth, and must not be over twenty-one years of age at the date of Examination. The successful Can didates will receive the value of the Exhibitions in the form of free instruction in the subjects of them. The Examination will comprise the performance of one or more compositions, reading at sight, and viva voce questions. The fee for examination is 5s., and the Exhibitions are tenable for one year. GEORGE WITHERS & CO. MUSICAL STRINGS, Regulations and Forms of application may be had from the Secretary, From Rome, Padua, and Naples. MAMICA Trinity College, London, W. ROYAL By order of the Academical Board. OYAL ACADEMY OF MUSIC.-Instituted 1822. Under the immediate patronage of Her Most Gracious Majesty the QUEEN and the Royal Family. Principal-Professor Sir G. A Macfarren. The NEXT STUDENTS' CONCERT will take place OCT. 23. The next Operatic Performances will take place on Tuesday and Thursday, the 21st and 23rd inst., at eight o'clock. JOHN GILL, Secretary. E. H. TURPIN, Hon. Secretary. 95, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, W.C THE "PERFECT" HYDRAULIC ENGINE for supplying Wind to Church, Chamber, American Organs, and Pedal Harmoniums, from the largest to the smallest made. Manufactured with all the latest improvements by J. F. BLENNERHASSET, are compact, effective, and cheap; they are made of gun metal, and will work for years, entirely superseding hand blowing, and require only a very small amount of attention to keep in the most perfectly reliable condition. Mr. Blennerhasset has fitted them to numerous Instruments up to FourManuals, and can give many references. May be seen every day at the "Royal Aquarium," where they supply the Large Organ, by Jones of Fulham, during the Recitals and Concerts. Estimates for the Engines, separately or for fixing, and all necessary work supplied free. Call and step it at work at Mr. Blennerhasset's Studio, supplying his Three-Manual Practice Organ, pronounced by competent J. F. BLENNERHASSET, IA VERNON STREET, PENTONVILLE, LONDON, W.C. Two minutes' walk to the right from the King's Cross Metropolitan Railway Station. LONDON MUSIC PUBLISHING CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. HE MARCH of the NATIONS. BY GEORG ASCH, HURCH ORGANS £50 to £300.-This Company, having purchased for cash a manufacturer's stock, are offering the same at about half their original cost. All ready for immediate use. Can A FINE COLLECTION OF ITALIAN INSTRUMENTS. Bows, Cases, Music Stands, &c. See Price Lists. 51, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, LONDON. HOIR.-There will be Vacancies for two CHOIR all expenses. Apply to Rev. R. H. Wix, M.A. WA ANTED.-An ORGANIST for the Helston Wesleyan Chapel. Salary, £35. Application, with references, to be forwarded to Mr. J. Lenton Sleeman, Helston. DOVER. By order of the Executors of the late Mr. ALGERNON PERKINS.-To be SOLD BY AUCTION, by Messrs. JAMES PERSON & SON, at No. 26, Waterloo Crescent, Dover, on THURSDAY, AUGUST 6th, 1885, at 10.30 o'clock precisely, with the Valuable and Costly Contents of the residence, A POWERFUL AND FINE-TONED CHAMBER ORGAN, by HILL & SON, London, with a manuals of 56 notes each; separate pedal organ of 30 notes; 5 stops on swell, and 5 on great;-in very handsome case of birds-eye maple, with decorated front speaking pipes. In condition equal to new. On view on Tuesday previous to the sale. Catalogues to be obtained of D. Robb, Music Warehouse, Castle Street, Dover. be purchased on hire system. Inspectio invite-Music Publishing Com- PROF. LOISETTE pany (Limited), 54, Great Marlborough Street, W. THE HE only edition as performed.-MESSIAH. 2s. CURE OF MIND WANDERING. Pianoforte Accompaniment arranged, and the whole edited and revised, with MOST IMPORTANT TO MUSICIANS. historical and analytical preface, by Sir GEO. A. MACFARREN. Prospectuses HE LONDON MUSIC PUBLISHING & GENERAL AGENCY PROF. LOISETTE PROSPECTUS POST FREE. Lectures in families. Day and Evening Classes, Private Lessons, AND BY POST. 37, New Oxford Street, London, W.C. E. H. HEINKE, 40, King's Road, Peckham-TRADE TERMS to the Clergy off every make of Pianofortes, American Organs NORMAN'S UNIVERSAL POLISH REVIVER. MALEY, YOUNG & OLDKNOW, ORGAN BUILDERS, KING'S ROAD, ST. PANCRAS, LONDON, N.W. PROSPECTUS FREE ON APPLICATION. Under the Sanction and Approval of the REV. SIR FREDERICK THE MUSICIAN, A GUIDE FOR PIANOFORTE STUDENTS, BY RIDLEY PRENTICE. Contains analyses of well-known pieces progressively arranged, enabling the pupil to unite a study of musical form with the ordinary pianoforte practice. Saturday Review.-"We are far from suggesting that there is any royal road for acquiring technical knowledge, but we are quite certain Mr. Ridley Prentice's road is in every way the pleasantest that has yet been laid before any pianoforte student." Academy.-"A knowledge of form is imparted in simple and pleasant language. We heartily commend it to all who desire to understand, satisfactorily interpret, and enjoy beautiful music." Graphic.-"Written with the laudable purpose of helping the pianoforte student to understand and enjoy beautiful music." School-Board Chronicle.-" A useful book for earnest teachers." Musical Review.-" Mr. Ridley Prentice has newly developed an importan though much-neglected branch of the teacher's duties." Monthly Musical Record.--"No more valuable work of the kind is i existence." W. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW; AND ALL BOOK AND MUSIC SELLERS. ESTABLISHED 1851. BANK. BIRK and interest allowed on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn Deeds, Writings, and other Securities and Valuables, the collection of Bills The Bank undertakes for its Customers, free of charge, the custody of of Exchange, Dividends, and Coupons, and the purchase and sale of Stocks, Shares, and Annuities. Letters of Credit and Circular Notes issued. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manage The Birkbeck Building Society's Annual Receipts exceed Five Millions. HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, with immediate Possession, and no Rent to Pay.-Apply at the Office of the BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with immediate Possession either for Building or Gardening purposes.-Apply at the Office of the BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. A pamphlet, with full particulars, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. Advertisement Agent, HARRY LAVENDER, 185, Fleet Street, E.C. Musical Standard MA Newspaper for Musicians, Professional and Amateur. E. H. HEINKE, 40, King's Road, Peckham-TRADE TERMS to the Clergy off every make of Pianofortes, American Organs A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH CATHEDRAL BY JOHN S. BUMPUS (Member of the S. Paul's Ecclesiological Society.) (Continued from page 35). PART IV.-CATHEDRAL MUSIC IN ENGLAND DURING In the last chapter I dwelt, it may be remembered, upon the mediocrity, almost universally observable, in the compositions of the majority of our Cathedralists during the decade of the last century. The same feature characterized those of the first thirty or forty years of the present, after which an improved taste in all matters ecclesiastical began to arise, thanks chiefly to the Oxford Movement, the Cambridge Camden Society (or the Ecclesiological Society as they were afterwards known), and the Society for the Promotion of Church Music, whose valuable organ The Parish Choir, was the means of bringing about a better state of things, not only in Parish Churches, but in Cathedrals likewise. Among much Church Music that was second-rate there were, of course, compositions of a superior order; but these were few and far between. On the whole, ecclesiastical composition, both for use in Cathedrals and Parish Churches, was decidedly below the average. The slovenliness alluded to may be accounted for by the miserable selfishness of the various Deans and Chapters, which prompted them to appropriate nearly the whole of the funds of their respective choirs to themselves, thus leaving the working members, viz.: the minor canons, lay-vicars, and organist, in a state of comparative poverty; and this deplorable state of affairs was permitted to continue unabated until the present century was considerably advanced. In many of our Cathedrals the chorister-boys were equally uncared for, their education, in nine cases out of ten, being totally neglected by the Chapter whose business it was to see that they received a proper education in the Grammar School which we usually find attached to a Cathedral Church. So long as the boys appeared in their places in Choir at the appointed hours of Divine Service, the authorities knew little, and cared less, how their time had been spent in the interval. Of this latter abuse, S. Paul's Cathedral was a glaring instance, the neglected condition of the eight choristers on that foundation being, for a considerable time, the subject of much animadversion. It was in 1811 that a very worthy, clever lady-Miss Maria Hackett † then, and for many years, a resident in Crosby Square, Bishopsgate Street-interested herself greatly in the welfare of the S. Paul's choristers. With a view of proving incontrovertibly what were the rights of these In our large town churches the musical portion of the boys with regard to a proper board and education, Miss Service was, as a rule, confined to Double Chants, Kyries, Hackett solicited the permission of the Dean (then Dr. and Psalm-tunes of an inferior and flimsy character, sung Pretyman, Bishop of Lincoln) to search and examine by a select choir of "ladies and gentlemen," in red various documents preserved in the Muniment Room of curtained organ-lofts and singing-galleries, backed the Cathedral; but her request was refused point-blank. by a chorus of charity children. In village churches A lengthy correspondence ensued between Miss Hackett organs were a great rarity, and, even in these enlightened and several of the Cathedral dignitaries_respecting the days, are still occasionally wanting. In lieu thereof, a few Ancient Grammar School attached to S. Paul's, and this fiddles, a bass-viol, and a flute or two, usually played by correspondence she afterwards published, together with mechanics from the village, served as an accompaniment an Appendix consisting of evidences, &c., of the office, to the plain, but more frequently florid, psalm-tunes that and duties of the Magister Scholarum, or Chancellor of the Cathedral, also the duties of the Præcentor, the Music Master, the Cardinals, and the Almoner. were sung. Surpliced choirs were as yet unknown, either in town or country (the Cathedrals, of course, excepted), and when, in after years, they became gradually introduced, were usually regarded as innovations. Until 1843, the only surpliced choirs in London were to be found at S. Paul's, Westminster Abbey, and the Chapel Royal. In that year, the Temple Church was re-opened, after extensive restorations, with a Cathedral service sung by a choir properly habited. The earliest churches in London to adopt the surpliced choir and choral service were S. Paul's, Knightsbridge, and S. Andrew's, Wells Street, their example being speedily followed by S. Barnabas, Pimlico, S. Mary Magdalen, Munster Square. S. Matthias, Stoke Newington, Margaret Chapel, and other earlier churches, due to the Catholic Revival. To return to our subject. Slovenliness began to arise in all quarters, in matters pertaining to the performance of choral service in general, and daily service in particular, such as laxity of attendance on the part of the adult members of our various Cathedral choirs, and to this subject the following remarks will apply :-"It has been sometimes said, that the music of our Cathedrals is too good for the choirs ;-they who composed it for them did not think so but this notion is nearer the truth than the prevalent one that the choirs are too good for the music. To witness a mutilated service in churches so well endowed, is enough to move one with deep sorrow; but owing to the torpor of a century it may be witnessed in them too often. Whenever fewer than six lay clerks are present (not that six are sufficient where more have been appointed), the service suffers mutilation; for be it remembered, that Services and Anthems cannot be performed to have their due effect without two contra-tenors, two tenors, and two basses, that the verses may be sung alternately and chorus in eight parts. But there are cathe drals where, six days in seven, the 'verse' and 'full' parts of Services and Anthems are sung by the same number of voices, owing to the imperfect attendance exacted from the lay-clerks. * The words Decani and Cantoris, which occur on every page of their books, are thus rendered meaningless; and the beautiful distinguishing (i.e., the antiphonal) characteristic of Cathedral Service is utterly sacrificed."-(Preface to Rev. Anselm Bayly's Words of Anthems, 1769-Apology for Cathedral Service, 1839). * Several Cathedrals might be mentioned as instances of this, even at the present day. It appears that the once celebrated Grammar School attached to S. Paul's, designed "especially" for the education of "the boys belonging to that church," was coeval with the first establishment of the choir; at least, the earliest writers who treat on the subject acknowledge its antiquity. "In the earlier ages of the Church the choir-boys with the other members of the choral staff formed a part of the Dean's household, and until 1800 the boys of S. Paul's were well maintained and educated from the funds of that most richly endowed cathedral, but the sum allowed to the Almoner for their board, became, through the depreciation of money, quite inadequate to their support. The Almoner applied to the Chapter for an augmentation, but instead of complying with his request, that body declined making any addition to the sum anciently assigned for the maintenance of the Choristers, and the Almoner was under the necessity of dismissing them from his protection, dividing among them their trifling salary. In consequence of this arrangement many of the children reside at a considerable distance from the Church and from the singing master, and a great proportion of the day is consumed in loitering about the streets, having no one to call them to account for the employment of their time."-Extract from a letter from Miss Hackett to the Bishop of London, Jan. 12th, 1811. Matters stood as above until the resignation of John Sale, the Almoner previously mentioned, in 1812. On the appointment of his successor, William Hawes, some better arrangements were effected with regard to the choristers of S. Paul's. Instead of running about the streets all day when not wanted at the Cathedral, they were boarded and educated with Mr. Hawes at his house in Craven Street, Strand, until 1816, when he removed to more on commodious premises, at No. 7, Adelphi Terrace, on his assuming the additional charge of the Chapel Royal boys. This continued to be the home of the S. Paul's Choristers until 1846 when Mr. Hawes died; thence + Miss Hackett died in 1874 at the advanced age of ninety years. Three years later a handsome cenotaph was very appropriately erected to her memory in the Crypt of S. Paul's Cathedral. This estimable lady annually visited nearly every Cathedral in England for many consecutive years, and lived to see choir-boys better cared for, and schools for their sole use rising on every side. Schools, with an Abstract of their Statutes and Endowments, respectfully She published, in 1827, A Brief Account of Cathedral and Collegiate Addressed to the Dignitaries of the Established Church; likewise Correspondence and Evidences respecting the Ancient School attached to S. Paul's Cathedral (1832), and Registrum Eleemosynaria D. Pauli Londinensis, printed from a MS. in the Harleian Collection in the British Museum, with Notes, |