at an auction sale in England, and her calf brought at the same sale $2,000. Despite the stringency in commercial affairs, Mr. Thorne has found no difficulty in disposing, at high prices, of all his surplus stock. Judicious selection, and an ample fortune, have conspired to make the American herd at Thornedale superior in its individuals to any other in the world. If we may judge from our past success, we are warranted in the belief that America will shortly be able to supply the mother country with short horn cattle and Southdown sheep, as it already has with reapers and pleasure yachts. CORRUPTION IN HIGH PLACES.-Senator Toombs, in a late speech at the capitol of the nation, is reported to have said: We speak of the corruptions of Mexico, of Spain, of France, and of other governments, with a great deal of truth, according to all accounts; but from my experience and observations, which have been somewhat extensive, I do not believe to-day there is as corrupt a government under the heavens as that of the United States. Mr. Hale. Nor I either. Several other senators. I agree to that. Mr. Toombs. And most of all its corruption is in the Legislative department. This is humiliating and disgraceful, perhaps even more so than the personal altercations and foul language which pass between members on the Legislative floor. During the session of Congress just closed, no less than five personal altercations have taken place between members, each of which indicated a duel, namely, Grow and Keitt, Clay and Cullom, Hughes and Harris, Davis and Benjamin, and Gwin and Wilson. It is pleasant to be able to state that nobody was hurt, though it is rare to see so much smoke without fire. As a specimen of the whole take the passage between two senators: General Wilson spoke of the extravagance of government in California. Gwin, referring to it, used the word "demagogue." Wilson said he "would rather be a demagogue than a thief." Gwin said if the language was applied to him, that Wilson was a "slanderer, calumniator, and coward." Senators Crittenden, Seward, and Davis, interposed, and the difficulty was compromised. Wilson did not mean it, and Gwin did not mean it, all parties were sorry and glad, and so it ended. - THE ALL-HUSHING GRAVE.-More than ten years ago a bitter feud sprang up between General Houston and Governor Henderson, of Texas. During all that time, even while, since the death of Rusk, they have been colleagues in the Senate, they have never spoken to each other, but have nursed their deep wrath. On Saturday, June 5th, it became Mr. Houston's duty to announce the death of Henderson and pronounce a eulogy upon him. The stern old man recounted with an effort the early life of his colleague and spoke of his career, until he came down to the time of their hostility. Here the speaker's voice grew tremulous, his giant frame shook with emotion, and after an ineffectual attempt to proceed, the stoic of war and frontier life, staggered back into his seat, and burying his face in his hands, sobbed and wept like a child. The scene required no explanation. THE SWILL MILK EXCITEMENT, originating in the disclosures made by a weekly paper in this city, appears to be extending to other places. It would seem that at Cincinnati, milk purchasers are treated nearly as bad as they are here. One of their papers, the Gazette, gives a description of the manner in which the cows are kept and fed, but the developments, while they are sufficiently sickening, do not equal the disgusting revelations made here. The cows in Cincinnati are turned out to feed during a portion of the day in the summer season. The distillery slops, however, for which they acquire a morbid appetite, are dealt out to them in large quantities all the while. At Chicago they fare still worse. Democrat says: The There are several persons in our city who supply families with milk that have not a cow in the world. They manufacture milk from chalk and drugs. BRIBERY.-Punch thus parodies a wellknown passage of Shakspeare's: The quality of bribery is deep stained; Into the voter's palm. It is twice dirty; It droppeth from a hand behind the door It dirts both him that gives and him that takes, "Tis basest in the basest, and becomes Low blacklegs more than servants of the crown. Those swindlers show the force of venal power, The attribute to trick and roguery, Whereby 'tis managed a bad horse that wins; But bribery is below their knavish "lay." REPLIES TO CORRESPONDENTS.-The Buffalo Republican, in imitation of its more ambitious neighbors, gives the following answers to queries propounded by correspondents: Inquirer. The Fourth of July does not occur on the 22d of February, nor is it, as you suppose, commemorative of anything that ever happened to the Rochester Union. Robertson. He was not hid in the slop-pail. He was under the bed. Mother. Reverse and spank. Bride. Victoria pins can be had at S. O. Barnum's. Statistics. Seven times five are thirty-five. Helen. You can keep them up with "elastics." Medicus. Apply shoemaker's wax and then squeeze it. Geographer. Rochester is on the canal east of Lockport. Stumucake. Fifteen drops each of laudanum and camphor, and rub it. Ambition. Very few men will descend so far. reputation, friends, and citizenship. You can To be spoken of for aldermen, involves loss of imagine what a man must be to be elected as such. BOOTS.-A worthy divine, one of the preachers in attendance upon the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, from the state of Arkansas, stopped at the St. Cloud Hotel. Upon retir ing to bed he told the servant who conducted him to his room that he wanted his boots blacked. The servant told him to set them outside the door, and the boot-black would attend to them. He did so, and in the morning the boots came up missing. Instead of setting the boots out in the hall he had placed them outside the front door. That preacher had not a very elevated opinion of the morality of the people of Nashville. He wears a pair of new boots. A FLOGGING CIRCULAR.-The Albany Transcript, which has a schoolmaster among its editors, is responsible for the following: The principal of one of our select schools has been sending a circular to the parents of the pupils, which, signed and returned, will authorize him to inflict such punishment, corporeally or otherwise, as may in his judgment be proper. The following answer proves that some of the parents are pleased with the idea: "Deer Mr. Ratten, your flogging cirklar is duly received. I hope as to my John you will flog him as often as you kin. Heas a bad boy, is John. Hitherto I've bin in habit of teaching him miself, it seems to me he never will larn anithing, his spellin is outrageously difishent. Wallupp him well, ser, and receive my thanks. P. S. What accounts for John bein sich a bad scollar is that he is my sun by my wife's fust husband. THE MARRIAGE SERVICE.-Sir John Bowring, the British embassador to China, who by the way wrote "Watchman, tell us of the night," as well as many other charming pieces of church psalmody, is said to be a very eccentric man. On one occasion he was animadverting upon the "wickedness," as he expressed it, of the marriage service as prescribed by the Church of England. "Look at it," said he: "with this ring I thee wed, that's sorcery; with my body I thee worship, that's idolatry; and with all my worldly goods I thee endow, that's a lie." JERROLDIANA.-Sterne describes the difference between the malignity and the festivity of wit, as equivalent to the difference between the taste of that which is bitter, and of that which is salt. Wit in which the bitter predominates, is the most common, and it seems to be much more agreeable to the professed wit; perhaps it is easier to sting than to please. The late Douglas Jerrold was an exception to this rule. An inveterate punster, and celebrated for his readiness at a repartee, he was one of the very few professed wits who were more loved than feared. Determined always to have his joke, he was tender of the feelings of others, and in his laughter there was nothing malignant. From an extended collection of his witticisms and bon mots we copy a few: THE DELIGHTS OF JESTING.-Take a sulky fel low with a brow ever wrinkled at the laughing hours, let them laugh never so melodiously; who looks with a death's-head at the pleasant fruits of the earth heaped upon his table; who leaves his house for business as an oger leaves his cave for food; who returns home joyless and grim to his silent wife and creeping childrentake such a man, and, if possible, teach him to joke. "Twould be like turning a mandril into an Apollo. A hearty jest kills an ugly face. THE TREE OF GENEALOGY.-It is with the tree of genealogy as with the oak of the forest; we may boast of the timbers it has given to a state vessel, but say naught of the three-legged stools, the broomsticks, and tobacco-stoppers made from the ends and chips. A BASE ONE.-A friend was one day reading to Jerrold an account of a case in which a person named Ure was reproached with having suddenly jilted a young lady to whom he was engaged. Ure seems to have turned out to be a base" un," said Jerrold. CUP AND SAUCER.-A gentleman, who was remarkable at once for bacchanalian devotion and remarkably large and starting eyes, was one evening the subject of conversation. The question appeared to be, whether the gentleman in question wore upon his face any signs of his excesses. "I think so," said Jerrold; "I always know when he has been in his cups by the state of his saucers." THE ANGLO-FRENCH ALLIANCE.-Jerrold was in France, and with a Frenchman who was enthusiastic on the subject of the Anglo-French alliance. He said that he was proud to see the English and French such good friends at last. Jerrold. "Tut! the best thing I know between France and England is the sea.' A LAND OF PLENTY.-Earth is here so kind, that just tickle her with a hoe and she laughs with a harvest. AN USHER'S DUTIES AND REWARD.-Twenty boys are handed over to his keeping. Hence he is expected to see them all safe in bed; to have an eye upon them while dressing and washing; to take his meals with them; never to leave the school-room; and above all, when the young gentlemen recreate themselves in the playground, or take a walk, or go to church, he is to accompany them, giving his most vigilant attention, his every thought to their doings, and, indeed, at all times and in every respect studying the interest of his employer as if it were doubly his own. For he must remember that the salary is twenty pounds per annum! There are positively many footmen who do not get so much. A FRENCH COOK EXTINGUISHED -I pity you French. Talk of consomme de grenouilles; did you ever taste our habeas corpus? No! Ha! A WORD FOR THIEVES.-When the full-grown thief is hanged, do we not sometimes forget that he was the child of misery and vice, born for the gallows, nursed for the halter? Did we legislate a little more for the cradle, might we not be spared some pains for the hulks? FLATTERY.-Whatever dirty-shirted philosophers may say to the contrary, flattery is a fine social thing, the beautiful handmaid of life, casting flowers and odoriferous herbs in the paths of men, who, crushing out the sweets, curl up their noses as they snuff the odor, and walk half an inch higher to heaven by what they tread upon. PUBLIC OPINION is the terrible inquisition of modern times, and those who, in a former age, were by their birth and office held the elect and questioned, and doomed to an auto du fe. chosen, are unceremoniously dragged forth, I REVOLUTIONARY HEROES.-NO VI. KNOW not whether the fact has been | ity, to justice, truth, and freedom. Such generally noticed, but few American generals of any note failed to see the triumph of the cause for which they fought. If it be melancholy for a man to die in youth, surrounded by loving friends in the quiet of his peaceful home, it is doubly so, methinks, for him to perish in a battlefield, surrounded by the faces of enemies, the din and horror of war. War, at the best, is a stern and terrible evil-an evil which nothing, perhaps, can outweigh, unless it be the blessings of a doubtful and shameful peace. If anything can ennoble war it is a noble cause-a cause involving a great principle, the triumph of which is more than life or death, not only to the man or nation engaged in it, but to humanVOL. XIII.-7 a principle was the cause of the American Revolution, and its triumph is the chief glory which crowns that eventful struggle. If anything could rob war of its horrors in the minds of our fathers, it was the knowledge that justice was on their side. They were fighting for others as well as themselves; for millions yet unborn; nay, if we look at it in the abstract, for the whole human race. It was not merely England and her colonies who were contending in the New World; it was Tyranny and Freedom, the two ideals of human right and wrong. The strife was glorious enough to sweeten even the pangs of death. We feel that, now that it is won. But eighty years ago, when it was still uncertain, the 1 thought that it might not be won after all; There must be a rosy-faced parson, the fear that must at times have come over the brave hearts of our fathers as battle after battle went against them; or, worse still, an early death in the moment of fruitless victory-such a death as Montgomery died at Quebec; these were bitter things, and should not soon be forgotten. The fall of a young warrior is as sad as that of a young poet. In my way of thinking it is sadder. For the poet knows that he leaves the better part of himself on earth in the shape of his beautiful songsswans on the river of Time, or larks in the heaven of Fame; but the fallen warrior, dying in the smoke of battle, can only guess how the victory, that victory for which he has laid down his life, will finally incline. Your Kirke Whites and André Cheniers have had tears enough shed over their graves. Let us recall André and Hale, or, what is more to our present purpose, let us glance at the life and death of Montgomery. He not averse to the seductions of whisky, and able to sing a good song; a famous lawyer, fresh from the circuit, and, above all, a red-coat-some jolly major or colonel. The military profession was at that time a favorite one in Ireland, and we accordingly find young Master Richard, after a short but liberal education in Trinity College, Dublin, the happy possessor of a commission in the British army. This was in his eighteenth year. Of the early portion of his military life we hear nothing; he seems, however, not to have seen active service until he was ordered to America. In 1757 the regiment to which he belonged was dispatched to Halifax. In May, 1758, it was a part of the army sent from that place against the French fortress at Louisburg. It is not necessary to go into a description of this expedition, further than to say that Montgomery acquitted himself to the satisfaction of his commanding officer, whose commendation procured for him an immediate promotion to a lieutenancy. His commanding officer on this occasion was the celebrated Gen Richard Montgomery was born at Convoy House, near the town of Raphoe, in the north of Ireland, on the 2d of December, 1736. His father, Thomas Mont-eral Wolfe, who was destined to meet his gomery, seems to have been an Irish gentleman of considerable means. had three children besides Richard-Alexander, who commanded a company of grenadiers in Wolfe's army, and was present at the siege of Quebec; John, of whom nothing definite is known, save that he lived and died in Portugal; and a daughter, name not given, who married Lord Ranelagh, and was the mother of two sons, who have since succeeded to the title. After the death of his father, Alexander represented the county of Donegal in the Irish Parliament. I mention these few facts, unimportant as they are, because there is really nothing else to mention concerning the early years of Richard Montgomery. Given the country of his birth and the number and station of his family, we must fill up the outlines from our imagination. If we happen to be novel-readers, the novels of Charles Lever will not come amiss. They are faithful, but by no means flattering pictures of Irish life and manners in the last century. We shall find in some of them, I dare say, a jolly old squire who will answer very well for the father of our hero. There will be fox huntings, and hard drinking o' nights at Convoy House, and now and then, perchance, a duel or two. death at Quebec in a little more than a year from that time. Louisburg surrendered on the 27th of July, and its garrison, consisting of five thousand men, were taken prisoners. The defeat of Abercrombie at Ticonderoga drew the élite of the British army to Lake Champlain, where they remained till 1760, when the French governor-general was compelled to surrender his garrison and province The brunt of the war being over, as far as the French power in Canada was concerned, detachments of the British army were sent against the French and Spanish West India Islands. What with the climate, and the extraordinary means of defense of the enemy, the two campaigns that followed were dangerous in the extreme; in a little over two months' siege the British loss amounted to twenty-eight thousand men. They were successful in the end, however; for Martinico surrendered to Moncton and Rodney, and a part of Cuba, including Havanna and the Moro Castle, to Albemarle and Pococke. Montgomery's conduct on this expedition procured for him the command of a company. The treaty of Versailles put an end to the war in 1763, and Montgomery's regiment having returned to New York, he obtained permission to revisit his home, from which he had been absent six years. From this time to 1772, a period of nine years, we have but few memorials of his life. It may have been spent among his relatives at Convoy House, or it may have been wasted in Dublin and London. He is said to have been intimate with Fox and Burke, and to have tried to purchase a majority, in what regiment is not stated. Failing in this he resolved to quit the service and the country; he sold out his commission, bade adieu to his friends, and, like many of his countrymen after him, started for the New World. He arrived at New York in January, 1773. Before the summer was over he had purchased a farm, and taken a wife. He married the eldest daughter of Robert R. Livingston, one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the province. His farm was in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County. In the spring of 1775 he was elected a member of the delegation from that county to the first Provincial Convention held in New York. Unlike most young politicians he had a modest opinion of himself and his talents. "For all the good I can do here," he wrote to his father-in-law, "I might as well, and much better, have been left at home to direct the labors of my people." Clearly a sensible man. "Con In June the National Congress went to work to organize an army. They appointed a commander-in-chief, four majorgenerals, and eight brigadiers. Among the latter was Montgomery, who was appointed without solicitation, or even knowledge on his part. He received the appointment with much seriousness, and seemingly with a kind of regret. gress having done me the honor of electing me a brigadier-general in their service," he wrote to a friend, "is an event which must put an end for a while, perhaps forever, to the quiet scheme of life I had prescribed for myself; for though entirely unexpected and undesired by me, the will of an oppressed people, compelled to choose between liberty and slavery, must be obeyed." Congress having adopted a plan for invading Canada by two routes, one by the River Sorel, the other by the Kenuebec, Montgomery recommenced his career as a soldier by taking charge of the armament which was to act by the former. army of three thousand men was organ An ized and placed under his command. Ticonderoga being the point selected for the principal rendezvous and outfit of the projected invasion, he repaired to that post, and endeavored to obtain a correct knowledge of the enemy's force and intentions. Learning that Carleton, the British general, who was at that time at Montreal, was preparing a naval force to act on Lake Champlain, he placed himself at the head of one thousand men, which was all that his boats would hold, and with two pieces of light artillery moved down the lake in the direction of the Isle-aux-Noix. The wind being against him he was ten days in reaching the position that he had selected. This was on the 5th of September. Major-General Schuyler, the commander-in-chief, arriving about this time, a nearer approach to the enemy was determined upon, and a landing was effected about a mile and a half from Fort St. Johns. The American army took up their march in the direction of the fort, but while crossing a creek they were attacked by an Indian ambuscade, which they succeeded in repulsing. In consequence of information which he received during the night, General Schuyler ordered the troops to be reconducted to their former position on Isle-aux-Noix. He was soon called to Ticonderoga, and the command devolving again on Montgomery, the latter resumed his position before St. Johns. Landing on the 17th at the place where he had formerly encamped, he proceeded to invest the fort with a corps of five hundred men. threw up a battery on a point of land which commanded the fort, the shipyards, and an armed schooner of sixteen guns belonging to the enemy. This was on the north side of the fort, and in wet and swampy grounds. There was a range of woods on the eastern side, and despairing of success from his first battery, he erected a second here, within six hundred yards of the fort, and opened on the garrison with two small mortars. His artillery was rather for show than use; his mortars were defective, he had no battering cannon, his artillerists were unpracticed, and, to crown all, his engineer was utterly ignorant of his art. The enemy returned his fire smartly, and made a brave resistance. The siege progressed but slowly until the arrival of an artillery company, under Captain Lamb, whom He |