Pagina-afbeeldingen
PDF
ePub

it is for the learning that had been diffused over it, and the notes in which it had been explained.

Had not his characters been depraved like every other part by improper decorations, they would have deferved uncommon praife. He gives Saul both the body and mind of a hero :

His way once chofe, he forward thrust outright,
Nor turn'd afide for danger or delight.

And the different beauties of the lofty Merah and the gentle Michol are very juftly conceived and ftrongly painted.

Ryiner has declared the Davideis fuperior to the Jerufalem of Taffo, "which," fays he, "the poet, "with all his care, has not totally purged from

[ocr errors]

pedantry." If by pedantry is meant that minute knowledge which is derived from particular sciences and studies, in oppofition to the general notions fupplied by a wide furvey of life and nature, Cowley certainly errs, by introducing pedantry, far more frequently than Taffo, I know not, indeed, why they fhould be compared; for the resemblance of Cowley's work to Taffo's is only that they both exhibit the agency of celestial and infernal fpirits, in which however they differ widely; for Cowley fuppofes them commonly to operate upon the mind by fuggeftion; Taflo represents them as promoting or obftructing events by external agency.

Of particular paffages that can be properly compared, I remember only the defcription of Heaven, in which the different manner of the two writers is fufficiently difcernible. Cowley's is fcarcely defcrip

tion, unless it be poffible to defcribe by negatives; for he tells us only what there is not in Heaven. Taffo endeavours to reprefent the fplendours and pleasures of the regions of happiness. Taffo affords images, and Cowley fentiments. It happens, however, that Taffo's defcription affords fome reafon for Rymer's cenfure. He fays of the Supreme Being, Hà fotto i piedi e fato e la natura

Miniftri humili, e'l moto, e ch'il mifura.

The fecond line has in it more of pedantry than perhaps can be found in any other ftanza of the poem.

In the perufal of the Davideis, as of all Cowley's works, we find wit and learning unprofitably fquandered. Attention has no relief; the affections are never moved; we are fometimes furprized, but never delighted, and find much to admire, but little to approve. Still however it is the work of Cowley, of a mind capacious by nature, and replenished by study.

In the general review of Cowley's poetry it will be found, that he wrote with abundant fertility, but negligent or unfkilful felection; with much thought, but with little imagery; that he is never pathetick, and rarely fublime; but always either ingenious or learned, either acute or profound.

It is faid by Denham in his elegy,

To him no author was unknown,
Yet what he writ was all his own.

This wide pofition requires lefs limitation, when it is affirmed of Cowley, than perhaps of any other poct. He read much, and yet borrowed little,

His character of writing was indeed not his own he unhappily adopted that which was predominant. He saw a certain way to prefent praise; and, not sufficiently enquiring by what means the antients have continued to delight through all the changes of human manners, he contented himself with a deciduous laurel, of which the verdure in its fpring was bright and gay, but which time has been continually ftealing from his brows.

He was in his own time confidered as of unrivalled excellence. Clarendon reprefents him as having taken a flight beyond all that went before him; and Milton is faid to have declared, that the three greatest English poets were Spenfer, Shakspeare, and Cowley.

His manner he had in common with others; but his fentiments were his own. Upon every fubject he thought for himself; and fuch was his copiousness of knowledge, that fomething at once remote and applicable rushed into his mind; yet it is not likely that he always rejected a commodious idea merely because another had ufed it: his known wealth was fo great that he might have borrowed without lofs of credit.

In his elegy on Sir Henry Wotton, the laft lines have fuch refemblance to the noble epigram of Grotius on the death of Scaliger, that I cannot but think them copied from it, though they are copied by no fervile hand.

One paffage in his Mistress is so apparently borrowed from Donne, that he probably would not have written it, had it not mingled with his own thoughts,

fo

fo as that he did not perceive himself taking it from another:

Although I think thou never found wilt be,

Yet I'm refolv'd to fearch for thee;

The fearch itself rewards the pains.
So, though the chymic his great fecret miss
(For neither it in Art or Nature is),

Yet things well worth his toil he gains:
And does his charge and labour pay
With good unfought experiments by the way.

COWLEY.

Some that have deeper digg'd Love's mine than I,
Say, where his centric happiness doth lie:-

I have lov'd, and got, and told;

But should I love, get, tell, till I were old,
I should not find that hidden mystery;
Oh, 'tis impofture all!

And as no chymic yet th' elixir got,
But glorifies his pregnant pot,
If by the way to him befal

Some odoriferous thing, or medicinal,

So lovers dream a rich and long delight,
But get a winter-feeming fummer's night.

Jonfon and Donne, as Dr. Hurd remarks, were then in the highest esteem.

It is related by Clarendon, that Cowley always acknowledges his obligation to the learning and induftry of Jonfon: but I have found no traces of Jonfon in his works to emulate Donne appears to have been his purpose; and from Donne he may have learned that familiarity with religious images, and that light allufion to facred things, by which readers far fhort of fanctity are frequently offended; and which would

not

not be borne in the prefent age, when devotion, perhaps not more fervent, is more delicate.

Having produced one paffage taken by Cowley from Donne, I will recompenfe him by another which Milton feems to have borrowed from him. He fays of Goliah,

His fpear, the trunk was of a lofty tree,

Which Nature meant fome tall fhip's mast should be.

Milton of Satan:

His fpear, to equal which the tallest pine
Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the maft
Of fome great admiral, were but a wand,
He walked with.

His diction was in his own time cenfured as negligent. He feems not to have known, or not to have confidered, that words being arbitrary muft owe their power to affociation, and have the influence, and that only, which cuftom has given them. Language is the drefs of thought: and as the nobleft mien, or most graceful action, would be degraded and obfcured by a garb appropriated to the grofs employments of rufticks or mechanicks; fo the moft heroick fentiments will lofe their efficacy, and the moft fplendid ideas drop their magnificence, if they are conveyed by words ufed commonly upon low and trivial occafions, debafed by vulgar mouths, and contaminated by inelegant applications.

Truth indeed is always truth, and reafon is always reafon; they have an intrinfic and unalterable value, and conftitute that intellectual gold which defies deftruction; but gold may be fo concealed in bafer matter,

that

« VorigeDoorgaan »