frontier of "the Pale; " it became of importance, therefore, soon after the Anglo-Norman invasion, and fortifications as well as religious establishments rapidly sprung up within its precincts. On the southern side are the ruins of a Dominican Monastery. This still extensive and picturesque ruin exhibits, in the long aisle and central belfry, traces of the pointed architecture of the fourteenth century. About midway between it and King John's Castle are the ruins of a square building, with windows of an ecclesiastical character, curiously ornamented with carvings of animals, human heads, and sundry fancy wreathings. Near this, on an adjoining eminence, is a church of ancient foundation.

The Bay of Carlingford and the adjacent scenery are of exceeding beauty; both its north and south borders are lined with villas, and small white villages-the resorts of bathers; trees grow in great luxuriance and abundance; it is surrounded by magnificent mountains, and a few small green islands, nearly at the entrance, give interest and variety to the scene.

One of the most picturesque and remarkable of the ruined castles of Louth is Castle Roche, which even now varies little from the account given of it, long ago, in the "Antiquities" of Grose. It stands on the summit of a rocky hill, and was formerly one of the frontier castles of the English Pale; the area within the rampart walls bears the form of a triangle, but more inclined to a semicircle, following the uneven form of the hill, taking advantage of the rock on which

it stands; the great chord, which is the longest side and front, is about eighty yards, and the reverse is about forty. At the opposite corner to the main dwelling there has been a tower of defence, and under it a sally-port. It is reported to have been constructed by a Rose Verdun, of an ancient English family of large possessions, and from her was called Rose Castle, corrupted into Roche Castle; in the year 1649 it held out for King Charles, and was demolished by Oliver Cromwell.

We must request the reader to return with us to Drogheda—a town very rich in historical associations, and memorable as the scene of a massacre hardly equalled for atrocity in the records of human-kind.

At present the character of Drogheda is that of a "compact" town; the suburbs indeed are sufficiently wretched, but the leading streets present an appearance of bustle and business; the quays look as if they were trodden by the foot of commerce; and the exhibition of a coarser kind of linen, on stalls, in various places, gives tokens of an approach towards the "manufacturing north." The sea is close at hand, and vessels of burthen may discharge their cargoes at the bridge -a bridge which divides the town, part of which is in the county of Meath. Few towns are more advantageously circumstanced for trade with England; it lies nearly opposite to Liverpool, is the great outlet for the produce of the rich counties adjacent; the river Boyne runs through it to the ocean, and a navigable canal facilitates inter

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