A

TO BE LET, AND ENTERED UPON ON THE 21ST OF 5TH MONTH, 1850, CONVENIENT DWELLING-HOUSE, with Garden, Orchard, Stable, and Gig-house attached: situate in the village of Terril, in the county of Westmoreland, within three miles of the market-town of Penrith, and two miles of the Lake of Ullswater. The house contains, on the ground floor, two Parlours, two Kitchens, Store-room, and Pantry, with five Lodging-rooms above.

The above property is vested in the hands of trustees, on behalf of Strickland Monthly Meeting; and, as there is a Friends' Meeting in the village, it will be found a desirable residence for a member of the Society, and any Friend wishing to become a tenant will be liberally treated with. Farther information may be had, by applying to JOHN GRAHAM, grocer, Penrith; or to THOMAS JACKSON, of Terril, who will show the premises, and treat for the same. Penrith, 3d Month, 26th, 1850.

G

COMP

UTTA PERCHA TUBING being unaffected by moisture, acids, alkalies, grease, &c., is useful for the conveyance of Water, Oil, Chemicals, Liquid Manure, &c. It is peculiarly valuable for Drain and Soil Pipes.-In case of any stoppage, an incision can be made in the Tubing with a sharp knife, and readily closed again by means of a warm iron. Its strength is extraordinary; the small half inch diameter tubing having resisted a pressure of 250 lbs. on the square inch without bursting.

Gutta Percha is totally impervious to wet, and may be steeped in water or buried in damp or marshy ground for years. From its peculiar property as a non-conductor, it is not affected so soon by frost as metal.

HOSE who study COMFORT and ECONOMY, are requested to give this establishment a trial.

An excellent Reading Room is attached.

BY THE QUEEN'S ROYAL LETTERS PATENT, GRANTED 1839. BEL MORRALL, sole inventor of the Manufacturer of NEEDLES in general, PINS, BUTTONS, HOOKS and EYES, &c., Studley, Warwickshire, and 134, Upper Thames-street, London.

Shopkeepers supplied on the same terms as at the Manufactory, by MICHAEL THOMAS MORRALL, Small-ware Dealer, 19, London-road, Manchester.

GENUINE Captured from slavery, imported and sold from ONE POUND upward, at the low price of 8d. to 10d. per pound, according to the quantity taken, by W. WESTON, jun., and Co., African Warehouse, No. 73, Gracechurch-street, London. Also, pure CAYENNE PEPPER, manufactured by same parties. Sold in small or large quantities, at very low prices.

ENUINE ARROW ROOT, the produce of the

BRITISH AND FOREIGN SCHOOL SOCIETY.

THE

SPECIAL STATEMENT.

HE COMMITTEE of the BRITISH and FOREIGN SCHOOL SOCIETY having greatly ENLARGED and IMPROVED their NORMAL SCHOOL, and otherwise met the many claims made upon them of late years for extended effort, are obliged, in consequence of the heavy expenditure in which they have been involved, again to APPEAL to the PUBLIC for ADDITIONAL AID.

Their annual expenditure now greatly exceeds their annual income; a deficiency of £1200 must be immediately met; and a great increase of annual subscribers will be required, in order to justify further extension.

The Committee are happy to state, that the loss experienced by the secession of friends who took opposite views to their own in relation to Government aid, has not been so large as was at first apprehended; while the assistance received from the Committee of Council has not been accompanied by any of the evils which those friends were led to anticipate. Eight years have now elapsed since the Society received the donation of £5000 from the Government towards the erection of the new Normal School, and six years since, the grant of £750 a year was first made; and the experience of the Committee justifies them in assuring their friends that, with the exception of the painful differences already referred to, the inspection of the Committee of Council, and the aid received from Government, has been most decidedly a benefit to the Society. During the entire period, the visits of the Tub-inspectors have been welcomed, both in the model and local schools; the strictest regard to the principles of the Society has always been observed by them, and in no one case, so far as the Committee are aware, has the slightest disposition been shown to interfere with the management, or to entrench on the independence either of the local schools or of the Society.

The smaller sizes of the Tubing may be had in lengths of 100 feet, and the larger sizes of fifty feet each.

The extraordinary power possessed by Gutta Percha ing as a Conductor of Sound, renders it invaluable for conveying messages from one room or building to another. The saving of time and labour which these Speaking Tubes will effect, commends them to the notice of the proprietors of Mines, Mills, Warehouses, Hotels, &c., as well as to householders generally. It is this peculiar property of conducting sound, that renders the Gutta Percha Ear Trumpets and Stethoscopes so valuable.

TO EMIGRANTS, CAPTAINS, SHIPPERS, &c. No one should leave England without a Stock of Gutta Percha Soles and Solution. The ease with which these soles can be applied in countries where no shoemaker can be found-their power of keeping the feet perfectly dry, thus preserving the body from coughs, colds, &c., in lands where medical advice cannot be had-and their great durability and cheapness, render them invaluable to all who propose sailing to distant countries. Gutta Percha Wash Basins, Chamber Bowls, Bottles, Flasks, &c., are suited for shipboard, as they can so readily be converted into life buoys in the event of a shipwreck.

Manufactured by the GUTTA PERCHA COMPANY, Patentees, Wharf-road, City-road, London; and sold by their wholesale dealers in town and country.

The Committee have great pleasure in referring to the extended Report, on the day-schools of the Society, prepared by Joseph Fletcher, Eq.. one of the inspectors, and published in the Minutes of the Committee of Council for the year 1846. Its perusal, they are sure, will gratify the friends of the Institution, while it will satisfy all candid readers that the Society is every way worthy of support.

They now earnestly and confidently appeal to the friends of education for assistance, for liberal donations, and especially for new or enlarged annual subscriptions.

blessings of scriptural education to every neglected district
Their desire is to be greatly instrumental in extending the
HENRY DUNN, Secretary.
of the land.

Borough-road, February 15, 1850.

Donations and Subscriptions will be thankfully received by SAMUEL GURNEY, the Treasurer, at 65, Lombard-street; by HANBURY and Co., Bankers, 60, Lombard-street; and at the Society's House, Borough-road.

GLASGOW, 5TH MONTH, 1ST, 1850.

there, which proved comfortable. Went home with Jacob Green, about two miles from the meeting-house; his wife a nice woman, and four sweet children. Here we dined, drank tea, and spent part of the evening, and enjoyed the company of our friends very much. Returned to Lisburn, where arrived the same evening J. J. Gurney, Elizabeth J. Fry, and Elizabeth Fry. Several other Friends came from different parts to attend the School Committee, which was held next morning. It was difficult getting to it, on account of a great fall of snow, yet it was well attended; and the children, on being examined, were thought to perform well. J. J. Gurney took an active part, and endeavoured to put the teachers in possession of his method of teaching Scripture lessons, which they had not been used to. The Quarterly Meeting of Ministers and Elders, held in the evening, was to my comfort.

First-day, 4th.-The forenoon meeting was satisfactory, although not so large as it probably would have been, by reason of the extremity of the weather. A public meeting was held in the evening, in which J. J. Gurney and his sister were largely engaged. E. Fry, and one or two others, had also some share in the service.

be held; and the road on this side of Cavan had been cleared for the high sheriff, and on the other side for the judges. We were thus enabled to proceed next morning, the 10th, to Longford, twenty-five Irish miles, which occupied the day. We did not get breakfast till twelve o'clock, and reached Longford between 6 and 7 P.M. The horses were nearly wearied out; yet, next morning, we were obliged to use the same horses, in order to try to get to meeting at Ballymurray, as we were unable to reach Moate. At Lanesborough, about eight miles on our road, we took breakfast; and it was with difficulty that we prevailed on our driver to go on with us to Roscommon, seven miles further, as his master, he said, had ordered him not to go further than Lanesborough. We did not reach Roscommon till twelve o'clock; there we dined, and engaged another chaise and horses for Ballymurray; but had not proceeded a mile before we were stopped by large masses of snow, which had prevented carriages from passing for several days before. We were earnest to get on, and employed several men to clear the road for some distance, so as to enable us to proceed; we left two carriages standing on the road, those who had occupied them having been obliged to leave them and Second day forenoon.-The Quarterly Meeting for go through the fields. We reached Ballymurray about Discipline commenced, Men and Women Friends apart. three o'clock, and on inquiring for the Friend's house The business was well conducted, and there were where we were to go (the widow Robinson's) we found she several communications in the line of ministry. Eliza- lived about three miles further. The wind blew trebeth J. Fry, and her sister-in-law, E. Fry, came into mendously all the time we were coming from Roscomthe Men's Meeting; and feeling my mind drawn to go mon; and had not my companion, S. L., got out of into the Women's Meeting, I had liberty so to do, and the chaise, and exerted himself very much, by promy companion accompanied me. We were best satis-mises, &c., to prevail on the men to clear the road, we fied to leave the adjournment of the Quarterly Meeting, could not have got through. I found it my place to and pay a visit at the Provincial School. We had a keep near the chaise, to guard it from depredators, or religious opportunity with the teachers; and after- it would, probably, have been soon stripped of all our wards with the boys and girls together, who appeared movables, as overcoats, &c. A great number of to be under good care. On Third-day was held the this description gathered about us. One woman got parting meeting for worship, which was largely attended to the chaise door, and called to her daughter, a stout by Friends and some others, and proved a memorable lass, who was evidently coming to help her, and, our season. Our English Friends were much engaged friends thought, would soon have taken our things off, therein. Jacob Green had good service; and our had I not intercepted them. The wretchedness which venerable friend, John Conran, was largely opened and we beheld in passing along, on the road, was beyond powerfully engaged. what I could have any idea of; far exceeding anything I had seen before, either in this land or in the back parts of America; many cabins in the bogs far less comfortable than our pig pens; the inhabitants—men, women, and children-in dirt and rags. When we reached the widow Robinson's, we found the family had not been to meeting, owing to the extremity of the weather; and that we were not expected, although they had heard of our intention of coming. We were kindly received by our friend, her son, and daughter; and concluded to have a meeting next day.

At Armagh, we called on two young women, the daughters of James Nicholson, and had a comforting religious opportunity with them. They reside there with two of their sisters, who were at the Quarterly Meeting, and not returned. They all appear friendly. J. J. Gurney and his fellow-travellers had been here, and visited the jail. Visiting prisons appears to be part of their business. They call on the principal men and their wives, and promote the formation of female committees for finding employment for the female prisoners, and otherwise increasing their comfort; for which purpose E. J. Fry obtained an order from the Home Secretary of State for free access to all the prisons in Ireland; so that, what with one thing and another, she and those with her have enough to do. Fifth-day, 3d Month, 8th.-Attended meeting at Cootehill, which was small; the weather very cold; and the house on a high hill, a bleak situation, and difficult of access, by reason of the snow. Notwith-lers came here last evening, The fore and afternoon standing, my companion inclined to have a public meeting with the inhabitants; this was held in the afternoon; the house was nearly full, but it was a low time.

9th. The weather being fine, we hoped to reach Moate the next evening, having signified our intention of attending meeting there on First-day; but on applying for a chaise, we were told we could not get one, as the road was stopped by the drifts of snow. This proved a great trial; however, in the course of the day, with much persuasion, we procured a car, with two horses, to Cavan, where the assizes were about to

Second-day, 12th.-The meeting was well attended by Friends and others, and proved comfortable. After dinner, we rode through Athlone, a large military town, to Moate; and, on the day following, attended their week-day meeting.

Seventh-day, 24th.-Attended the Quarterly Meeting of ministers and elders at Mountmellick.

First-day, 25th.-J. J. Gurney and his fellow-travel

meetings were large, and much favoured. On Secondday, 26th, was held the Quarterly Meeting; and on Third-day, 27th, a meeting for worship, as a parting meeting. This last was largely attended, and proved a solemn, satisfactory meeting. In the evening, a public meeting was held, at the request of our friends J. J. Gurney and companions; it was largely attended, and was quiet and satisfactory. It was said that more than fifty Roman Catholics were present—a circumstance unknown before; seldom more than two or three on such occasions.

Fourth-day morning.-Our said friends left, but I

concluded to take the week-day meeting, not having before sat with Friends of this place by themselves, and was well satisfied in so doing; the meeting proving as much to my comfort as any I had attended.

Fifth-day, 4th Month, 5th.-Joseph Doyle and his son accompanied me to Ballitore, and next day I attended the Monthly Meeting there; some trying cases came before it. I was reminded whilst here, and in meeting, of the worthies who once occupied seats in that house -Abraham Shackleton, and his valuable son Richard; as, likewise, dear Job Scott; the burial-places of all of whom I saw; also, the house called the Retreat, where J. Scott died. Next morning set off for Ferns, about seventeen Irish miles, and put up at Joseph Haughton's, a Friend, who suffered greatly at the time of the rebellion, in 1798, of which he has kept a particular

account.

Fourth-day, 4th Month, 11th.-Rode to Waterford. In the evening, went to see our worthy friend, Mary Watson, who is quite blind, but very cheerful and lively in the Truth; and it was truly pleasant to be with her and her affectionate daughter and care-taker, Jane. Next morning, attended the week-day meeting there, which was large; afterwards, an adjournment of their Monthly Meeting. The meeting for worship was a favoured time. Dined at M. Watson's; afterwards, rode to New Town School, and paid a short visit to the care-takers, Richard Allen and wife, &c. The children looked well. Took tea at Isaac Jacob's, where we had the company of divers Friends, two of whom, in a religious opportunity at the close of our visit, were enabled to hand much comfort to my poor

mind.

Here were,

Meeting of ministers and elders, where I met with our
English friends again, J. J. Gurney, E. J. Fry, and
E. Fry, and Samuel Lloyd and his wife. Samuel had
finely recovered from a severe illness.
also, William D. Crewdson and Edward Pease.
Attended the tract meeting in the evening, at which
was a larger number of Friends than usual on that
occasion.

First-day, 29th.-Attended the forenoon meeting at Meath Street, at which were our friends, J. J. Gurney and companions, who had good service therein; it was a very comfortable meeting. After meeting, I was introduced to Richard Pope, a young man of extraordinary character and abilities for doing good, and who is, I believe, assiduously endeavouring to employ his talents for the benefit of others. In the evening, attended the meeting in Sycamore Alley; much crowded; many there not of our Society; it was a favoured meeting.

On Second-day, the Yearly Meeting for Discipline commenced, and continued till Sixth-day evening. A meeting for worship on Fourth-day, and another on Sixth-day, intervened. The business was conducted in much harmony and concord, and concluded under a previous covering.

Seventh-day.-A sitting of ministers and elders. (To be continued.)

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
For THE BRITISH FRIEND.

THE great error of our grammarians has been the
treating grammar as a series of arbitrary rules, derived
from some unknown authority, if not to be taken impli-

Sixth-day, 13th.-Set off by mail-coach for Youg-citly from theirs. hall, about fifty Irish miles.

14th.-Attended meeting there, which was a satisfactory one. After meeting, paid a visit to Hannah Chandler, who is rendered incapable of getting out to meeting by lameness, &c. She appeared much pleased to see me; made many inquiries after Friends with us, and parts adjacent, of whom she had made out a pretty long list.

First-day, 15th.-Attended the fore and afternoon meetings at Cork, which were large; and in which I was mercifully helped to do what appeared to be required of me, in the line of ministry.

16th.-A meeting for the youth was held this evening. I was very low and poorly in health before going to it, and ready to call in question all [my religious movements]; but was graciously helped therein. There was a large attendance of youths, of both sexes, and several further advanced; it proved a quiet, comfortable meeting, for which I hope I felt thankful.

Third-day, 17th.-Set out for Limerick, about sixty Irish miles; put up at Joseph Massey Harvey's, a little out of town, where I had been when in this land nearly eighteen years ago. Next day, attended an appointed meeting there, which was fully attended by the Friends belonging thereto, who are mostly shopkeepers. I was informed that they all shut up their shops to attend their week-day meetings; a Friend, named Samuel Alexander, who died a few years ago, set the example, and was followed by the rest. He was a valuable Friend, and has left a good savour behind him. I dined at his widow's; she has, I think, four sons and three daughters. Called on several aged and infirm Friends; among the rest, Benjamin Fisher, whose wife had been confined only ten days with her twelfth child. She was sitting upon the couch, and appeared finely. They had ten daughters, one after another, in succession; they were fine-looking children, and in good order the two last were boys.

Seventh-day, 28th,-At Dublin; attended the Yearly

Nothing could be more incorrect, nor any circumstance less calculated to present the subject to the mind of the pupil, in its true and simple character. language. Its principles are inherent in it; and I Grammar is essential to the very existence of should expect to find those principles as uniformly in languages which never have been represented by characters, or letters, as in those of the most polished and literary people. Therefore it is, I conclude, that

"Those rules of ours, discovered, not devis Are nature still, but nature methodiz'd;" and I confess it to be my opinion, that the rules of grammar never have been methodized advantageously.

Even the discriminating Murray could not free himself from the fetters with which the art of English grammar was bound.

Orthography, with him, as with others, is classed as the first great division of grammar. I believe it would be correct for me to assert, that it had nothing to do with grammar whatever. At all events, I shall dispense with every artificial classification, and pursue that which presents itself as the most simple and natural to my mind.

Grammar, then, I would say, is the art of conveying our thoughts with precision.

Language is the means by which those thoughts are conveyed.

Language is of two kinds-oral and written.
Oral is that which we speak.

Its simplest division is into words.

Words are of various kinds, called Parts of Speech. There are seven Parts of Speech, viz., the noun, or name; the adnoun, or adjective; the verb; the adverb; the conjunction; the preposition; and the interjection.

It will be observed, in the above nomenclature I have omitted the article and the promo reason, as respects the former, is, that I cou any analysis of its character, resolve it into a separate

NEWSPA

Part of Speech; and, even were I to recognize it as such, I should still be compelled to depose it from the very absurd position given to it, as the first Part of Speech. The pronoun, in the art of grammar, is essentially a noun, and not, in any respect, a distinct Part of Speech. That it is a noun of some kind, is indisputable. That it is a pro-noun, is very question

able.

I herewith proceed to give my definition to the several Parts of Speech; and if any words are found to exist in our own, or in any other language, not embraced by those definitions, I must admit the deficiency of my nomenclature, or of the definitions which I have assigned to it.

But I am of opinion, that the division I have made embraces all the several Parts of Speech that exist, or ever did exist, in any language; that no language ever did exist, or could, without them; with the exception of the interjection, which is, however, adopted as a Part of Speech in most languages, and which has the capacity of expressing emotions of the mind, with a fulness and propriety that the more legitimate Parts of Speech could not do.

As to the compound Parts of Speech, termed adjective pronouns, pronomial adjectives, &c., as I deny their existence, and deem them calculated to produce nothing but confusion in the mind of the pupil, I entirely discard them, and proceed to my definitions. A noun is the name of anything which exists, or which we can conceive to exist.

The adnoun, or adjective, qualifies the noun.
The verb expresses existence, action, or possession.
The adverb qualifies the verb.

The preposition expresses the nature of the relation between the verb and the noun.

The conjunction expresses the nature of the relation between one noun and another noun, or between one verb and another verb.

The interjection is a Part of Speech, admitted by courtesy or convenience as such, not essential to the sense to be expressed, but most expressive-often of the feelings, or emotions of the mind.

If any Part of Speech exist not included in the above definitions, I shall be obliged to any friend who may be kind enough to point it out, as my object is to arrive at truth, not to support a theory, though strongly impressed with the belief that our language, that all modern languages, are capable of being reduced to a degree of simplicity, beyond what some would deem credible; nor do I believe, that all the effects of ingenuity and theory to invent a universal language, could ever find so solid a basis to found it on, as is offered by some of our modern languages, in the foremost rank of which I would place the Spanish and our own.

classification, and Murray's definition, in other respects, to be correct, the conjunction employed appears to me altogether incorrect, it should be or: thus, "to point them out, or to show," &c., for the article does not always do both.

On the noun, we can scarcely have a difference of view; but I highly disapprove of the artificial mode for distinguishing nouns or substantives given by him; or "by its taking an article before it.'

This is teaching by rote, and separating the consideration of the words from that of the things which they represent.

"An adjective," says Murray, "is a word added to substantive to express its quality: as, an industrious man; a virtuous woman.'

a

Now, one, two, three; first, second, third; are adjectives, as well as industrious or virtuous; but can we say they express a quality, in the same sense? They qualify certainly, and so does the article; and under my definition, I believe, both are fully embraced. "A pronoun, says Murray, "is a word used instead of a noun, to avoid the too frequent repetition of the same word: as, the man is happy; he is benevolent; he is useful.”

Now, if, as I believe, and as judicious writers support me in the belief, that language was the immediate gift of inspiration, and came perfect from the source from which it was derived, pronouns could not have been the substitutes of nouns, but must have been coeval with them. Besides, what noun could represent the pronoun I? All nouns, so called by Murray, are of the third person; I is of the first; by what rule, then, is it rendered capable of representing the third person of the noun, which all nouns, according to the old grammarians, are?

Pronouns then, so called, are nouns of a specific character, and of a comprehensive one too, embracing more than any simple noun could embrace, and therefore something more than a mere substitute. What they are, I mean to show at a future time, but it would occupy too much of my present space to enter on the subject here.

A verb," says Murray, "is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer: as, I am; I rule; I am ruled.'

The second instance given, "I rule," is an abbreviation of the active verb "I do rule." The third instance is a modification of the first, the verb "to be." To ascertain how a verb may be distinguished, a rule is given by Murray, to which my observation on that accompanying the noun will equally apply;

The verb, it will be observed, I have defined to be a word expressive of existence, action, or possession: as, to be, to do, to have.

It will be observed in my definitions, that I have These are, in fact, the verbs, par excellence, of our materially deviated from the general routine of gram-language; perhaps I might say the only verbs, except marians, who seem never to have analyzed the appli- the speculative ones; for all the others are only modication of some of our words; the consequence of which fications of the action, station, or possession, expressed appears to me to have been, the frequent mis-applica- by these: thus, "I strike, I love, are contractions tion of them, by even some of our most celebrated of "I do strike, I do love;" the state of present being writers, and the still more general carelessness of their by the verb "to be," as, "I am writing, I am struck; application by others. I shall instance what I deem the circumstance of possession by "to have," as, "I great indefiniteness of definition, in the most discri- have written, I have been struck." minating, perhaps, of all our old grammarians. "An article," says Murray, is a word prefixed to substantives, to point them out, and to show how far their signification extends; as, a garden, an eagle, the

woman.

64

The verbs, to be, to do, and to have, are classed by Murray with the verbs, shall, will, may, can, should, would, might, could, let, and wast, as "auxiliary verbs." The former are entirely distinct in their nature and application from the latter.

66

As I have said before, "to be, to do, and to have," are the essential verbs of our language; "to let is as much a simple verb as to permit" and the nature of the other verbs, termed "auxiliaries, is altogether mistaken.

"To be, to do, and to have," represent facts. We