tal funds. So I'd encourage this Committee to be watchful of that situation.

European and Japanese competition, and I did provide some pictures which I believe are circulating.

Mrs. LLOYD. We've just been reviewing your pictures.

Dr. MONCTON. There are three artist concepts, one of which is the Argonne Project and the other two are the European Project and the Japanese Project. And then there's a fourth picture which actually shows the work going on in a site in Japan where the Japanese are planning to build their new synchrotron as a centerpiece of a science technopolis. They're building a new science city; it's the third such science city in Japan which is being built to accommodate about 35,000 researchers in a town about 50 or so kilometers from Osaka.

The European facility is being built on the same site as the ILL reactor which is now the premier facility neutron scattering facility in the world. A number of-about 10 European nations are cooperating on the construction of that facility. Europeans have had considerable success with this type of common effort before. They constructed CERN Laboratory in Geneva where the Nobel Prizewinning W and Z particles were discovered, and they built the ILL also with a cooperative multi-national effort. And that's, of course, the facility that has gained the world lead in neutron research. So they're using that same model now with the European Synchrotron Radiation facility adjacent to the ILL. And that facility is well along in construction and scheduled to begin research in summer of 1993; so it's about a year to a year and a half ahead of our project on the current schedule.

The Japanese as I mentioned, are moving well along with the construction of this new science city. Their machine is scheduled to come on line in late 1995, just about the time of our machine. But it is interesting to note that a few years ago we were considerably ahead of them, and now they already have bulldozers moving on their site and we're still waiting to get the go-ahead to begin.

So with that, I'll conclude my testimony and be happy to answer any questions.

[The prepared statement of Dr. Moncton follows:]

Testimony Before the

SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

by

David E. Moncton

Associate Laboratory Director for the Advanced Photon Source

March 20, 1990

Madam Chairman and members of the Committee, I welcome the opportunity to testify today generally on the status of our country's neutron and synchrotron radiation facilities and our competitive position worldwide and specifically on the Advanced Photon Source project at Argonne National Laboratory which is to be the largest BES facility ever constructed. For twenty years, I have been personally and professionally captivated by these facilities, and by the unique science opportunities they provide. Particularly, the ability to determine the structure of complex materials which underlie virtually every modern technology, and the opportunity for collaborations among the country's best scientists from industries, universities, and national laboratories. It should also be mentioned that they offer an unmatched educational environment for graduate students. The existing facilities are national treasures, reflecting the post-war tradition of excellence in American science, providing scientific data critical to our technologies. They have enabled multidisciplinary research, promoted technology transfer, and greatly enhanced U.S. competitiveness long before these phrases were spoken on Capitol Hill. In spite of these successes, however, our facilities are no longer the best in the world, many of them are not even operating regularly. Some who do not understand how a modern country generates technology might argue that this is a sacrifice the country should make in the interest of balancing the budget. But no one would argue that we should spend 80% - 90% of the necessary funding and get only 20% - 30% of the results. Unfortunately, facilities have a large component of fixed costs, and a small component of variable costs, so the effect of a small cut is a devastating decrease in facility operating time. The analog of this situation for new facilities under construction is the tendency to slow down the funding and stretch out the completion dates

in order to "save" a few dollars in the current budget year. This approach ultimately costs the country far more in project inefficiency, delayed research and higher escalation than it saves. Below I would like to discuss in some more detail the difficulties of operating our existing facilities and of constructing the new ones which are currently underway using the facilities at Argonne as examples.

OPERATIONS OF EXISTING FACILITIES

Table 1 shows the operating funding provided for the BES neutron and synchrotron facilities since 1987. It was during that year that serious concern developed over chronic underfunding which culminated with a Spring 1988 hearing before this Committee that was pivotal in generating a significant budget increases as proposed by the FY90 President's Budget. Unfortunately, the actions taken by Congress during the appropriations process significantly diminished, and for certain facilities, entirely eliminated the needed additional funds. As shown in the right-hand column of Table 1, the Administration has proposed once again to increase facility operating funds in FY91. These funds are desperately needed and I would like to give my strongest endorsement to this proposal. You will hear specifically from representatives of most of the facilities mentioned here, and I will briefly discuss specifically the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source at Argonne as an example of the underfunding of existing facilities.