awareness and a deepening encounter with the Lord and with the Lord's injunction that all nations and peoples of the Earth live in peace and harmony with each other. So, perhaps a word or two is in order on the source of the violence that we've see this week. You see, dictators, like those in Libya or in Nicaragua, know how unpopular they are with their people. They know how shaky their rule is. They can never really feel secure. And that's why they're afraid of free elections. It's also why they need a secret police and so much armed might to intimidate those they fear most, their own people, to prevent them from even entertaining the hope that democracy will some day come to their own country. And that's why so many dictators have a special fear and hatred for the United States. American power, as long as it is used wisely and justly, is an undying symbol of hope for oppressed peoples around the world.

Recently, in nations like El Salvador, Grenada, the Philippines, and Haiti, we've seen how quickly that hope can blossom into democratic movements. We have a right to be proud that in all those instances the United States was able to help. So, let us be thankful this week that America has been permitted to further the cause of peace and freedom. And in particular let us give thanks for one of our most cherished freedoms: freedom of choice and religious belief, the freedom to worship, each in our

own way.

You know, a few years ago, when I spoke to some evangelical ministers, I noted that there was sin and evil in the world and that all of us had a spiritual obligation to fight it. This was interpreted by a few to mean opposition to totalitarian and Communist dictators. Well, of course, that's true. But the real context of that quote is rarely given. I was talking specifically then about America's own spiritual problems. I reminded those ministers that America, too, like any other people or nation, had what I called "a legacy of evil" to contend with, things like racism or anti-Semitism or other forms of intolerance. And I urged those ministers to help fight the battle against hate groups in their communities, who promote intolerance. And it really struck a note with them.

Well, that's what America is all about: freedom, tolerance, each different religious

and racial group looking out for the rights of the other. And I think this is a good theme for all of us to reflect upon as we worship and give thanks to the Lord.

Let us pray that America will always use her power wisely, justly, and humbly to defend our legitimate interests, to help those who are struggling for freedom. But let us pray, too, that God will give our country the humility to see our own faults and the strength to preserve our hard-won tradition of freedom to worship and religious tolerance.

As Lincoln said more than a century ago in the midst of the struggle to eradicate another great evil, slavery he was not so much concerned that God was on our side as he was that he was on God's side. In this season of Easter, in this coming season of Passover, and in every season, may this always be America's prayer.

Until next week, then, thanks for listening, and God bless you.

Note: The President spoke at 9:06 a.m. from Rancho del Cielo, his ranch near Santa Barbara, CA.

Soviet Nuclear Test Ban Proposal

Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Peter H. Roussel. March 29, 1986

The President has taken note of General Secretary Gorbachev's speech on Soviet television today.

The United States has repeatedly made it clear that the practical step now needed in the area of nuclear testing limitations is to enhance mutual confidence in the ability of the two sides to verify existing agreements, in particular the unratified Threshold Test Ban Treaty and the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty. The President has made a series of concrete proposals to the Soviet Union in this regard, most recently on March 14. In this initiative the President invited Mr. Gorbachev to send Soviet experts to the United States to examine our new CORRTEX verification system and to observe a U.S. nuclear test in mid-April at our Nevada test site. The President made it clear that if this meeting leads to an agree

ment on verification-incorporating CORRTEX-which meets our concerns, he is prepared to move forward toward ratification of these two treaties. This proposal is still valid, and we expect the Soviet Union to respond to it seriously, as we have responded to all Soviet proposals.

As far as a nuclear testing moratorium is concerned, the U.S. position has not changed. From the time that the Soviets announced their moratorium last year, we made clear why a moratorium is not in the security interests of the United States, our friends, and allies. The United States has learned through experience that moratoria cannot be counted on to lead to the enhanced security desired. While the total elimination of nuclear weapons remains an ultimate goal, nuclear weapons remain needed to deter aggression and secure the peace. As long as this is the case, a moderate level of nuclear testing is needed to ensure the continued reliability, safety, and effectiveness of our nuclear deterrent.

Regarding a meeting between the President and General Secretary Gorbachev, the two agreed at Geneva "to meet again in the nearest future," and the General Secretary accepted the President's invitation to come to the United States in 1986. In December the President indicated to the General Secretary which dates would be most convenient for this meeting. No reply has yet been received regarding this suggestion. Nevertheless, the President is confident that the General Secretary takes his agreement seriously and that he will respond in due

course.

In the President's view, meetings at the highest level should deal with the entire range of important issues between our two countries. Nuclear testing is one of them, but only one; and it is an issue which is directly related to others such as the needwhich we see as the highest priority-to reduce the levels of existing nuclear arms and to establish effective verification procedures. If the Soviet Union desires to make serious progress on the question of nuclear testing limitation, it should accept the President's longstanding proposal that we have our experts meet, and should respond positively to the President's most recent offer.

Death of James Cagney

Statement by the President. March 30, 1986

Nancy and I have lost a dear friend of many years today, and America has lost one of her finest artists. We offer our heartfelt condolences to Jimmy Cagney's wife, Bill, and to the other members of his family. Jimmy burst upon our movie screen with an energy and a talent we have never seen before and we will never see again. He was the best at whatever he did—a hero, a villain, a comic, or a dancer. But the versatile actor who showed us so many faces on the screen in a multitude of roles was, in private life, a gentle man, a gentleman, and a loving husband and father. Jimmy Cagney was the classic American success story, lifting himself by determination and hard work out of poverty to national acclaim. I believe the entire Nation loved Jimmy Cagney, and I think he must have loved us, too, because he always gave us his very best. We will miss Jimmy, but we know he has found eternal rest and peace in God's arms. Goodbye, dear friend.

Foreign Unfair Trade Practices

Statement by the Principal Deputy Press Secretary to the President. March 31, 1986

Consistent with his announcement last fall of his belief in a "free but fair" trade policy, the President today announced three new trade policy actions aimed at eliminating foreign unfair trade practices and securing open markets for American exports.

In the most significant case, the President has decided that the United States will take action against new European Community (EC) agricultural restrictions, which could affect as much as $1 billion in U.S. farm exports. The new restrictions were recently imposed by the EC following Spain and Portugal's accession to the EC. Unless the Community rescinds its illegal quotas and promptly provides compensation for its in

creased tariffs, the United States will offset the new restrictions by establishing quotas and increasing tariffs on EC products entering our market.

In the first use of new authorities granted in the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 to address restrictive investment practices, the President has also directed U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter to initiate an investigation of Taiwan's automotive export performance requirements, which distort trade by forcing manufacturers to move a certain percentage of their production into export markets.

The President has further directed Ambassador Yeutter to make fact-finding inquiries to determine whether the European Community's Third Country Meat Directive may unfairly penalize American exports of as much as $125 million worth of

meat.

The United States has been fully supportive of the enlargement of the European Community to include Spain and Portugal. We do not, however, believe that the EC should use this occasion to impose new trade barriers. Americans should not have to pay for the benefits which EC member States will enjoy.

Amending the Generalized System of Preferences

Proclamation 5452. March 31, 1986

TO WITHDRAW PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES FOR CERTAIN ETHANOL MIX

TURES

By the President of the United States of America

A Proclamation

1. Section 504(a) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (the Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2464(a)), provides that the President may withdraw, suspend, or limit the application of the duty-free treatment accorded under section 501 of the Trade Act, as

amended (19 U.S.C. 2461), with respect to any article or with respect to any country for purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Section 504(a) further provides that, in the event of such withdrawal, suspension, or limitation, the rate of duty to be imposed thereafter on such article is the rate which would apply in the absence of the preferential treatment accorded under the GSP.

2. On the basis of advice from the United States Trade Representative, and after taking into account the factors set forth in section 501 of the Trade Act, I have determined, pursuant to section 504(a) of the Trade Act, that it is appropriate to withdraw the application of duty-free treatment under the GSP to certain chemical mixtures containing ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Accordingly, the nomenclature of certain existing items of the TSUS must be subdivided and amended to provide for such withdrawal.

3. Section 604 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2483) confers authority upon the President to embody in the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202) the substance of the relevant provisions of that Act, of other acts affecting import treatment, and of actions taken thereunder.

Now, Therefore, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, including but not limited to Title V and section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, do proclaim that:

(1)(a) In order to withdraw benefits of the GSP for certain chemical mixtures containing ethanol the TSUS is modified as set forth in section A of the Annex to this proc lamation.

(b) In order to continue the existing preferential treatment of other articles previously designated as eligible for benefits of the GSP and provided for in new items created by the Annex to this proclamation, the Rates of Duty Special column for items 407.13, 413.54, and 432.28, inclusive, shall contain the duty rate of "Free" followed by symbol "A" in parentheses, and such column for item 407.19 shall contain the duty rate of "Free" followed by the symbol "A*" in parentheses.

(2)(a) In order to provide staged reductions in the rates of duty and to continue existing tariff treatment for products of east developed developing countries and for products of designated beneficiaries under the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act for those new TSUS items created by section A of the Annex to this procamation, Annex III to Proclamation 4707 of December 11, 1979, Annex III to Proclamation 4768 of June 28, 1980, and Annexes V, VI, and IX to Proclamation 5365 of August 30, 1985, are superseded to the extent inconsistent with this proclamation.

(b) Effective with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after January 1, 1987, the rates of duty set forth in the Rates of Duty 1 column in the following new TSUS items created by section A of the Annex to this proclamation shall be stricken and the rates of duty provided by section B of such Annex inserted in lieu thereof: 407.11, 407.13, 413.52, 413.54, 432.26, and 432.28, inclusive.

(c) Effective with respect to articles the product of Israel which are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the dates specified in section C of the Annex to this proclamation, the rate of duty set forth in the Rates of Duty Special column followed by the symbol "I" in parentheses for each of the new TSUS items created by section A of such Annex shall be stricken and the rate of duty provided in section C of such Annex inserted in lieu thereof.

(3) General headnote 3(e)vXD) to the TSUS is modified by striking out "407.16 Mexico" and by inserting in lieu thereof “407.19 . . . Mexico".

(4) The amendments made by this proclamation shall be effective with respect to articles both: (i) imported on or after January 1, 1976, and (ii) entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the date of signature of this proclama

tion.

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 31st day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eightysix, and of the Independence of the United

States of America the two hundred and tenth. Ronald Reagan

[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:01 a.m., April 2, 1986] Note: The annex to the proclamation will be printed in the Federal Register of April 4.

The text of the proclamation was released by the Office of the Press Secretary on April 1.

Amending the Generalized System of Preferences

Proclamation 5453. March 31, 1986

By the President of the United States of America

A Proclamation

1. Pursuant to Title V of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (the Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.), in Proclamation 5365 of August 30, 1985 (50 FR 36220), I designated specified articles provided for in the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202) as eligible for preferential tariff treatment under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) when imported from designated beneficiary developing countries. I also designated certain such countries as least-developed beneficiary developing countries, pursuant to section 504(c)(6) of the Trade Act, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2464(c)(6)), in order to afford such preferential tariff treatment without regard to the limitations imposed in section 504(c), as amended.

2. Pursuant to section 504(c) of the Trade Act, as amended, those beneficiary countries not designated as least-developed beneficiary developing countries are subject to limitations on the preferential treatment afforded under the GSP. Pursuant to section 504(c)(5) of the Trade Act, as amended, a country which has not been treated as a beneficiary developing country with respect to an eligible article may be redesignated with respect to such article, if imports of such article from such country did not exceed the limitations in section 504(c)(1)

during the preceding calendar year. Further, pursuant to section 504(d)(1) of the Trade Act, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2464(d)1)), the limitation provided in section 504(c)1XB) shall not apply with respect to an eligible article if a like or directly competitive article was not produced in the United States on January 3, 1985.

3. I have determined, pursuant to section 504(a) and (c)(1) of the Trade Act, that certain beneficiary developing countries should no longer receive preferential tariff treatment under the GSP with respect to certain previously designated eligible articles. have also determined, pursuant to section 504(c)(5) of the Trade Act, that certain countries should be redesignated as beneficiary developing countries with respect to specified previously designated eligible articles. These countries have been excluded from the benefits of the GSP with respect to such eligible articles pursuant to section 504(c)(1) of the Trade Act. Further, I have determined that section 504(c)(1)(B) of the Trade Act should not apply with respect to certain eligible articles because no like or directly competitive article was produced in the United States on January 3, 1985.

4. Section 604 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2483) confers authority upon the President to embody in the TSUS the substance of the relevant provisions of that Act, of other acts affecting import treatment, and of actions taken thereunder.

Now, Therefore, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, including but not limited to Title V and section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, do proclaim that:

(1) In order to provide preferential tariff treatment under the GSP to certain countries which have been excluded from the benefits of the GSP for certain eligible articles imported from such countries, following my determination that a country not previously receiving such benefits should again be treated as a beneficiary developing country with respect to such article, the Rates of Duty Special column for each of the TSUS items enumerated in Annex I to this proclamation is modified: (a) by deleting from such column for such TSUS items

the symbol "A*" in parentheses, and (b) by inserting in such column the symbol “A” in lieu thereof.

(2) In order to provide that one or more countries should no longer be treated as beneficiary developing countries with respect to an eligible article for purposes of i the GSP, the Rates of Duty Special column [ for the TSUS items enumerated in Annex II to this proclamation is modified: (a) by deleting from each such item the symbol "A" in parentheses, and (b) by inserting in such column the symbol "A*" in lieu thereof.

(3) General headnote 3(eXvXD) to the TSUS, listing those articles that are eligible | for benefits of the GSP except when imported from the beneficiary countries listed opposite the enumerated TSUS items for those articles, is modified as provided in Annex III to this proclamation.

(4) The eligible articles imported from designated beneficiary developing countries and provided for in the TSUS items enumerated in Annex IV to this proclamation shall not be subject to the limitations of section 504(c)(1)(B) of the Trade Act, as amended.

(5) Proclamation 5365 of August 30, 1985 (50 FR 36220) is superseded to the extent inconsistent with this proclamation.

(6) The modifications to the TSUS made by this proclamation shall be effective with respect to articles both: (a) imported on or after January 1, 1976, and (b) entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consump tion, on or after July 1, 1986.

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 31st day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eightysix, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and tenth.

Ronald Reagan

[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis ter, 11:02 a.m., April 2, 1986]

Note: The annexes to the proclamation will be printed in the Federal Register of April 4.

The text of the proclamation was released by the Office of the Press Secretary on April 1.

A