bonds; he can then be patient, undergo difficulties, fubdue his impetuofity, even fubmit to rebuke: nay, the established rules of common intercourse and society lay restraints, upon the paffions and tem pers of every one, as terms of admiffion into company. But thefe having been by continual use rendered fo familiar, they become in courfe little thought of; but fince they are restraints, and fo frequently practifed, why not make the victory complete? Let it be remembered, where there is no exertion there can be no virtue; and if the task be hard, the more noble will be the conqueft, more glorious the triumph. K 2 NOTES 1 NOTES HISTORICAL. A. D. 1514. Amount and value of an annuity for great fervices at this period. For the life of Dame Jane Guldeforde, widow of Sir Richard, in confideration of her great and faithful fervices to his father and mother king Henry VII. and queen Elizabeth, to his two fifters the queens of France and Scotland, and to himself, the king grants an annuity of 20. per ann. Form of a manumiffion or freedom granted in the year 1514, by Henry VIII. to two perfons. "Whereas originally God created all men free, "but afterwards the laws and cuftoms of na"tions fubjected fome under the yoke of servi"tude; we think it pious and meritorious with "God, to make certain perfons abfolutely free from fervitude, who are at prefent under vil "lenage elenage to us; wherefore we do now accordingly manumit and free from the yoke of "fervitude Henry Knight, a Taylor, and John Erle, a Husbandman, our natives (i. e. 86 our flaves), as being born in our manor of "Stoke Clymmyflande, in our county of Corn"wall; together with all their iffue born here"after, or to be born; and all their goods, chat“tels, and lands already acquired, or hereafter "to be acquired by them, fo as the faid two "perfons, with their iffue, fhall henceforth be deemed by us and our heirs free, and of free "condition." Difference in the Price of Labour. The daily pay of a master fhipwright at this period was 5d. with diet, and 7d. without diet. A hewer and able clinker was, with diet 4d. without 6d. N. B. During the last war, the earnings of a journeyman fhip-carpenter were from 3s. 6d. to ios. per day. A remarkable Law. Much arable land being inclosed and turned to pafture, a law was made in the 4th of Henry VIII. importing, that if any person should decay any town, hamlet, or houfe of husbandry, or convert tillage into pafture land, the immediate lord of the fee fhall have the moiety of the offender's land, until the offence be reformed. Whatever reafons might urge the making of fuch a law, there feems no doubt but that the study of agriculture was then but little cultivated. First Map of England. About this time George Lilly, the fon of the famous grammarian, who lived fome time at Rome with Cardinal Pole, published the first exact map that ever was till then drawn of this ifland. The progrefs made in this kind of knowledge fince this period has been great. Mufketa Mufkets. Hand guns, or muskets, were introduced into the fervice this year; yet the use of bow and arrows, in war, was not laid afide till near 190 years afterwards. English Coins. Gold was ordered to be coined into half angels, value 38. 4d. each; filver into groats, half groats, pence, and farthings. There is no mention of fhillings. This was the last time of coining filver farthings, which, from their littleness, must have been liable to be loft, and foon worn out. Low Rent of Houses. 1524. An ancient grammar-fchool in Bowchurch-yard being decayed, the school-house was let out to rent for only four fhillings a year, |