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tem. To oppose the progress of liberty by armies, is no longer practicable, and what can a despot find as a substitute? Nothing. Then liberty must triumph, and when established, will flourish for ever.

The Cortes of Spain has opened its Session, and, although I cannot but admire what has taken place in that country, still I grieve to think that there is such a thing as a King left, to turn it into ridicule. Whoever has read the speech of the King to the Cortes, and the short reply that was made to it, must feel convinced that it is replete with the most glaring falsehood and absurdity. Where there is a King there must be flattery, they are born and nursed in flattery, and cannot live without it; and moralists have ever taught, that flattery is the worst of crimes. I do not despair of a further improvement in Spain, as their constitution is founded on that powerful and self-renovating basis, that it cannot increase its errors; but I must confess, that I threw down the paper which detailed the particulars of the King's visit, and his speech, with disgust, and should have blushed to have been a member of the assembly, to have had to countenance such language, which every individual in the educated world must have known to be both fulsome and false. However, they have made one step towards improvement, and I for one am so far content.

There appears to be a strange disposition in the British army, such as was never known before. In a provincial paper published at Sherborne, I last week saw it mentioned, that the first regiment of foot-guards had refused to turn out for a review! That twenty-two of the most refractory had been sent to a guard-house, and the review, which was intended to have been honoured with the royal presence, was obliged to be deferred! How does this tally with the late general order issued by the Commander-in-chief? He said, that with the exception of a few discontented instigators in one of the battallions of the third regiment, the foot-guards were in the highest state of discipline and satisfaction. The first regiment have given him an answer, they have contradicted his assertion, and that within a month of the issuing of the general order. There have been times when such a conduct as has lately been displayed in the guards, would have caused half of them to be shot, and the other half to be banished to some rock in the ocean: but now they are masters and appear to do

just as they like. Refuse to turn out for a review! Why this is a revolution, why need we look abroad for it?

A few days after we are told that the King intended to review the horse-guards, but that the gout, the weather, or some other nonsensical excuse, prevented him, although his equipage and guards attended in the same manner as if he had been present!!!

To be sure the spirit of dissatisfaction has not reached his Janizaries: it cannot be, I will not believe what the newspapers endeavour to insinuate! A summer's shower prevent the King from reviewing his favourite guards? Impossible! It must be false! The King must have had the gout in the heart to have occasioned such a circumstance, to say that it is the gout in the hand is worse than sedition-it is high treason! One day we are told that the Commander-in-chief had quarrelled with the King, and was about to espouse the cause of the Queen; another day, that the King was about to retract and avow repentance for his late conduct to the Queen; and every day something or other new. Lord Castlereagh's respectable part of the press is become ten times more seditious and blasphemous than the twopenny trash ever was. The Lord's anointed is vilified in the most daring manner. It will be necessary before the Parliament is prorogued, to pass half a dozen new statutes to keep the newspapers in order, or social order will be in more danger than ever. The newspapers are become the very vehicles of treason, and all that is sacred is by them set at nought and ridiculed. A censorship, Lord Castlereagh! a censorship, and your lordship as sole censor, will be the thing:-see all the paragraphs before they are printed, or by heaven and hell you are in danger. Your very friends are beginning to bark at you and your royal master, and what must be expected to follow this? What are you about, Castlereagh; your holy alliance defeated abroad, and all your exertions paralysed at home! This looks strange, and to you must end strange, unless you shew your commission from above and work a few miracles.

Dorchester Gaol, July 24, 1820.

R. CARLILE.

A PICTURE OF MONARCHY,

With a few observations on its absurdity, and its disgrace to a society of rational beings.

There cannot be a more favourable time than the present, to exhibit to the people of Great Britain, a true picture of that worm, monarchy, which has so long preyed upon their vitals, as to leave them consumptive, meagre, and squalid. At a moment when it displays itself in a stronger light than usual, by encreasing its expences amidst the crying miseries of the people, and in outraging their feelings, and putting their virtues to the blush, by its glaring vices, and profligacy, it is probable, and much to be hoped, that the people of these countries will begin to reflect on its utility or injury to the nation at large. The picture from which I copy was drawn in the reign of William the Dutchman, and since that time, the reader will feel assured, that nothing has been lost of what then existed, nor any effort omitted to augment the absurdity and expence! Since that time we have had added to the store, not only all the nonsence which exists in the Courts of Europe from St. Petersburgh to Lisbon, but our present king has enriched the store by importing every thing that was to be found in Asia, from Pekin in China to Constantinople. That excellent and important publication lately published, entitled The Black Book, has amply laid down the expences and influence of monarchy, but my business is to paint the absurdities, the minutiae of the Royal Household, which that publication does not embrace fully.-The household is under the superintendance of three great officers, the Lord Steward, the Lord Chamberlain, and the Master of the Horse.

The Lord Steward is the principal officer of the king's household. To whom the state of the house is committed, to be ruled by his discretion, and all his commands in court to be obeyed and observed. His authority reaches over all officers and servants of the king's house; except those of the king's chamber, the stable, and the chapel.

He is a white-staff officer, and the white staff is taken for a commission. In the king's presence he holds it up in his hand; and at other times, when he goes abroad, it is carried by a footman bareheaded. Upon the king's death, he breaks his staff over the king's hearse, and thereby discharges all court-officers under him.

To take the accounts for all expences of the king's household there is a place at court called the counting-house. And in this house is

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kept that ancient court of justice called the green cloth, of a green cloth whereat the court sits.

The officers that sit in the counting-house, and at the board of green cloth, with their respective salaries, are, besides the lord steward in chief, the treasurer and cofferer of the household, the comptroller, the master of the household, two clerks of the green cloth, and two clerks comptrollers.

Among which the lord steward, the treasurer, and the comptroller are usually of the king's privy council; and the two last are also whitestaff officers.

Their office in the counting-house is there to sit day by day, to take the accounts for all expences of the king's household, to make provisions for it, to make the payments, and such orders as they think fit for the servants.

In short, to them is committed the charge and government of the king's house; with power to correct all the servants therein that shall any way offend; and to keep the peace not only within it, but within the verge of the court. And, whereas the king's servants are free from arrest, the creditors of such as are backward to pay have no other way for payment, but to make their application to the board of green cloth.

In the lord steward's absence, the treasurer has power, with the comptroller and steward of the marshalsea, (by virtue of their office, and without commission) to hear and determine treasons, felonies, and other crimes committed within the king's palace; and that by verdict of the king's household. And, if any servant within the checkroll be found guilty of felony, he is incapable of the benefit of the clergy.

The comptroller's office is to control the accounts of the green cloth.

The cofferer pays the wages to the king's servants, above and below stairs; and for the household provisions, according to the allowance and direction of the green cloth. He has also a particular charge and oversight of the inferior officers of the king's house.

The master of the household surveys the accounts of the house. The clerks of the green cloth sum up all bills of comptrolment, parcels, and brievements. And the two clerks comptrollers do let and allow them.

But, besides the aforesaid officers belonging to the counting-house and green cloth, there are inferior officers and servants, relating to the same, viz. two yeomen, two grooms, a messenger.

In the inferior offices below stairs, all under the lord steward, there is,

In the bake-house,-A clerk, two yeomen, two grooms.

In the pantry,-A gentleman and yeoman, a yeoman mouth to the queen, three grooms.

In the cellar,--A sergeant, a gentleman and ycoman, a yeoman

mouth to the queen, and keeper of the ice and snow, two joint grooms, a yeoman field to the king, a yeoman field to the queen, a groom. In the buttery,-A gentleman and yeoman, a yeoman, three grooms.

In the spicery,-Two joint clerks, a purveyor.

In the chandlery,-A sergeant, two yeomen, three grooms.
In the confectionary,-Two yeomen, two grooms.

In the ewry-Two yeomen, two grooms.

In the laundry,-A laundress of the table and household linen. In the king's privy kitchen,-A chief clerk, a second and third clerk, a master cook, a yeoman of the mouth, a yeoman pottager, two grooms, two children, two scowerers, six turn-broaches, one doorkeeper.

In the queen's privy kitchen,—A master cook, a yeoman of the mouth, another yeoman, two grooms, two children, two scowerers, four turn-broaches, one door-keeper.

In the household kitchen,—A master cook, a yeoman, a groom, two children, two scowerers, four turn-broaches, a door-keeper. In the larder,-Two yeomen, three grooms.

In the acatry,—A sergeant, two joint clerks, a yeoman of the salt

stores.

In the poultry,-A clerk, a yeoman, two grooms.

In the scalding-house,-Two yeomen, two grooms,

In the pastry,-A clerk, two yeomen, two grooms, a child, a salsary-man, a turner.

In the seullery,---A clerk, two yeomen, two grooms, two pages, three children, two pan-keepers.

In the wood-yard,---A clerk, a yeoman, two grooms.

In the almonry,-The lord almoner, a sub-almoner, a yeoman, a groom.

In the verge, -A clerk, a coroner.

Harbingers, -Two gentlemen harbingers, five yeomen harbingers, Porters at the gate,-A sergeant porter, three yeomen, three grooms.

Cartakers, Three yeomen, three grooms.

Officers of the hall,-A marshal, three waiters. To which add, a cock and crier, four groom purveyors of long carts, two breadbearers, two wine-porters, a yeomau porter at St. James's.

So far we have gone through the offices that are under the lord' steward. Next to whom is the lord chamberlain, also a white-staff officer; who has the oversight of all officers and servants belonging to the king's chamber, and above stairs. Except the precincts of the king's bed chamber, which is wholly under the groom of the stole.

He has also under his charge the officers both of the standing and removing wardrobes, the heralds, pursuivants, and sergeants at arms, the king's physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, barbers, the revels, music, comedians, huntsmeu, messengers, and tradesmen retained in

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