the Turks, and gladly gave up their lives without effecting a favourable result? Many, amongst us, have devoted themselves to the service of their country; and should I not die ?-Should we, to whom the deliverance and advantage is so essential, do nothing to effect it? Am I insensible of your affection, or do I value it lightly?-Believe it not! What else should encourage me to die, if not this very affection which you divide with my native country? Mother! you will say, "why have I brought up my son to manhood, he whom I loved, and who loved me in return; for whom I bore a thousand cares and anxieties; who, through my prayers, became good and virtuous, and from whom in the last days of my life's exhausted career, I looked for filial. regard: why does he now forsake me? Inestimable mother! may no other parent make the same lamentation! If our country requires it, and none will perform the deed, what is to become of the land? But far be all such lamentations from thee! Thou art unacquainted with such sentiments. Noble woman! Have I not heard thee deplore the lot of suffering humanity?—and if no other undertook the rescue of Germany, that would urge me to the strife: still there are two brothers and two sisters left to console you: they remain; I follow my destiny! "If I lived fifty years longer, I could not live more mentally or conscientiously than I have in these my "In joyful reliance upon thee, eternal God! I leave my country. May thy blessings flow upon the striving number of the nation who appreciate thy goodness; who, for the advantage of mankind, courageously hold up thy image on earth. "The last and best preservation consists in the sword: then press the spear to the true heart, for that is the only way to German freedom! Adieu! "From your ever united son, affectionate friend, and brother, "CHARLES LOUIS SAND." Written at Jena, in the beginning of March, 1819. UND SASITY EXTRACT, &c. Alluded to in p. 35. of 1815. "The Tugenbund, or Union of Virtue," formed with the most patriotic design in the Prussian states, included many young men, who, though they returned to their studies, could not forget the military life, or those ideas of public liberty, engendered during their absence in the campaigns The heads of this association, all of whom considered themselves as the restorers of German independence, soon formed connections with each other in the different universities. The tournament or gymnastic exercise, conducted on a military principle, and first suggested by Professor Jahn,* at Berlin, soon extended all over the confederation, and was considered by its advocates as eminently calculated to promote the revival of public spirit, and establish a greater share of li * This celebrated man has justly been consigned to one of the Prussian fortresses, together with many others.-ED. berty in Germany. The potentates assembled at the congress of Vienna had promised their people constitutions, and the abolition of all abuses, because their people were then wanted to aid them in their plans; but no sooner had the victory been gained, and the day of peril passed over, than those promises were forgotten! As might be expected, this greatly incensed the students, nearly all of whom had taken up arms, and marched, equipped at their own expence, to co-operate with the combined armies in 1815. Requisitions were in consequence sent from Jena to all the other German universities, to send deputies, for the purpose of celebrating the anniversary of the deliverance of Germany, in 1813. They were to meet at the Castle of Wartburg on the 18th of October, 1817, when it was also proposed to celebrate the third centenary of the reformation, and about five hundred students did assemble. After the festival a general union of all the universities was formed, under the name of Burschenschaft. The members present took the sacrament, engaging faithfully to support the rights of the society, and to persevere. It is supposed that the disturbance which took place at Gottingen in the summer of 1818, had some connection with this association. Kotzebue, who lived at Weimar at this period, and as the recognized diplomatic agent of Russia, sent half yearly reports on the state of German literature and politics, to the Emperor Alexander, while he published a weekly journal in the same city. In this, as well as his reports, he declared himself decidedly hostile to the political tendency of the students. But when the circumstance of his disapprobation become apparent, by the discovery and subsequent publication of a report intended for the Emperor his master, he was thenceforth regarded as an apostate and traitor to the cause of German liberty. Amongst others, Professor Oken, editor of a journal called the Isis, at Jena, loaded him with invective and ridicule, till at length, the imperial Counsellor, not thinking himself safe at Weimar, removed to Manheim, where, however, he still continued to publish his paper, violently attacking the proceedings of the Tourneyers [as they are styled] and Burschenschaft. When at the congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, where the HOLY ALLIANCE met, in October, the Russian agent Stourdza, a Greek and private secretary of Alexander, received a commission to draw up from documents and papers presented to the autocrat, by a German Court, his pamphlet entitled "Etat actuel de l'Allemagne," in which the universities are represented as being without subordination or discipline, the book was highly applauded by Kotzebue in his journal. This compilation of calumny and falsehood, which sounds the alarm of fire, if there is but an appearance of smoke, tended |