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LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

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Poetical Similarities, by C. Mansfield Ingleby

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"The Good Old Cause," by Thomas H. Gill

Minor Queries:- Winchfield, Hants-"Balnea, vina, Venus"-" Kicking up Mag's or Meg's Diversion" Shan-dra-dam-Kentish Fire Incantations at Cross Roads Odyllic Light-Trochilus and Crocodile Pickigni- Heywood Arms - Mémoires d'une Contemporaine Drawbridge - Saul's Seven Days Coudray Family-"Oh, go from the window!". The Furneaux Family. - Personators of Edward VI. -Barlaam's Commentary on Euclid - Venice Glasses Styles of Dukes and Marquises - Who was Colonel Bodens?" Who sent the Messengers ?"

MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:

St. Margaret and the Dragon Montebourg, Abbey of Virgilian LotsNewspaper Extracts

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Replies to Minor Queries:- Milton and TacitusEmaciated Monumental Effigies La Garde meurt -Baxter's "Saints' Rest"The Bright Lamp that shone in Kildare's holy Fane" - Exterior StoupHenry, Lord Viscount Dover-Government of St. Christopher in 1662 De Sanctâ Cruce- History of Commerce Physiologus-"Veiwe Bowes"- The Death-watch-William, Abbot of St. Albans-Lines on Crawford of Kilbirnie - Can Bishops vacate their Secs? Lines on Franklin - St. Augustinus "De Musica"- Giving the Sack, &c.

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Notes.

ORDEALS.

Ordeals, as the test of innocence or guilt, are of great antiquity. In the Book of Numbers v. 14. 31., the rite of the "waters of jealousy" appears to give them a Divine sanction. The idea was, however, common to the ignorance and superstition of all countries. Gaseous springs were among some tribes supposed to possess the power of detecting truth, either by increasing or mitigating bodily afflictions upon immersion. In the case of guilt, their beneficent effects were turned into a curse; as the wine of Mephistopheles becomes a consuming fire to the drunken student. Ordeal by fire was known to the Greeks: nine others of various kinds were sanctioned by the Brahmins. Fire is also mentioned in early Scandinavian songs. This custom, mingled with other orientalisms, passed probably into Europe during the migration of those northern hordes by which it was succes76 sively overrun. Some interesting literary anecdotes relative to the ordeals of the Middle Ages will be found in the article under that heading in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana. The object of these Notes is merely to refute, by an extract, the 80 opinion sometimes entertained, that the Church invented and encouraged this method of trial. The worst that can be said is, that the Church adopted, that it might control for its own ends, as it did other cases, that blind faith it could not purify:

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"L'esprit de parti a quelquefois accusé l'Église d'avoir imaginé ces moyens barbares et insensés de connaître la vérité; —jamais accusation ne fut plus injuste."

This is the opinion of M. Ampère, Histoire Littéraire, tome iii. p. 180.:

"L'Église, au contraire, dès le 9° siècle, protestait par la voix d'Agobard contre des abus dont elle ne fut jamais le principe; elle toléra quelquefois des institutions qu'elle n'avait pas fondées, elle eut le tort de les consacrer par ses rites, mais il faut voir dans de telles concessions le triomphe des préjugés du Moyen Age sur l'ésprit de l'Église, et non une conséquence de cet esprit."

As evidence of this he quotes at full the opinion of Agobard, bishop of Lyons in 816. Reference

to the Histoire Littéraire de la France, tome x. page 450., shows the continuance of this policy, and that whilst the Church condemned, it still employed the ordeal in the twelfth century :

"Un fameux voleur nommé Ansel, ayant pris des croix, des calices d'or, porta son vol chez un marchand de Soissons pour le lui vendre, et lui fit promettre avec serment qu'il ne le déclareroit point. Le marchand ayant ensuite entendu prononcer l'excommunication dans l'eglise de Soissons contre les complices de ce vol, vint à Laon et découvrit la chose au clergé. Ansel nie le fait le marchand propose de se battre pour en décider.

Ansel l'accepte, et tue le marchand. Il faut, dit sur cela Guibert Abbé de Nogent, ou, que le marchand ait mal fait de découvrir un secret qu'il ́avait promis avec serment de garder, ou, ce qui est beaucoup plus vrai, que la loi de se battre pour décider de l'innocence et de la vérité est injuste. Car il est certain, ajoute-t-il, qu'il n'y a aucune canon qui autorise une telle loi."

Nevertheless, it was employed in the case of some Paulician heretics, in the diocese of Soissons. Clementius and Evrard were examined—

"Mais l'évêque ne pouvant tirer la confession de leurs erreurs, et les temoins étant absens, il les condamna au jugement de l'eau exorcisée. Le prélat dit le messe, à laquelle il communia les accusés, en disant: Que le corps et le sang de notre Seigneur soit ajourd'hui une épreuve pour vous!"

Clementius was thrown in; but

"Loin d'aller au fonds de l'eau, il surnagea comme un roseau, et fut tenu pour convaincu !"

I was assured a miracle of this description was lately witnessed in the person of a very fat lady, who floated on the surface of the National Bath at Holborn, in spite of the repeated efforts of the bath-woman to keep her down. Clementius, unfortunately, only fulfilled the proverb "of falling out of the fire-pan into the fire." Whilst the bishop hesitated as to his orthodoxy, the mob determined that question, broke into the prison, and burnt him and his brother. The ordeal died

away as civilisation spread and legal institutions were established. It has been said, indeed, it was abolished in England in the 3rd of Henry III, A. D. 1219, by an ordinance of the King in Council, as given in Rymer, vol. i. p. 228. This seems, however, an "ad interim" order, made because that the ordeal of fire and water was condemned by the Church. I may add, that in the Bibl. Max. Patrum, tome xiii., two very interesting tracts by S. Agobard will be found; one, p. 429., “Adversus legem Gundobaldi;" the other at p. 476., contrà "Judicium Dei;" upon which J. Grimm, Deutsche Rechts Alterthümer, vol. ii. p. 909., should be consulted.

Athenæum.

S. H.

POETICAL SIMILARITIES.

I beg to send you a few odds and ends in illustration of what seems to be an inevitable consequence of writing poetry, viz. unconscious imitation:

1. Pope's line, in his Essay on Man:

"What thin partitions sense from thought divide!" is merely a verbal echo of Dryden's line in bis Absalom and Achitophel:

"And thin partitions do their bounds divide."

2. Milton's expression of orient pearl, at the beginning of the second book of Paradise Lost, is probably taken from Shakspeare, Richard III., Act IV. Sc. 4. :

"The liquid drops of tears that you have shed Shall come again transform'd to orient pearl."

I have never seen this resemblance noted.

3. And while I am on the subject of tears, I will mention a similarity between Tennyson and Milton. In the Miller's Daughter we have:

"And dews that would have fallen in tears

I kiss'd away before they fell."

Very pretty, no doubt, but to my mind evidently suggested by a most exquisite passage in the fifth book of the Paradise Lost, which is in every one's mouth:

"Two other precious drops that ready stood
Each in their crystal sluice, he ere they fell
Kiss'd."

4. What a wholesale imitation of Thomson's Castle of Indolence do we find in Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming. Thus, Gertrude of Wyoming, Part II. St. xI.:

"But stock-doves plaining through its gloom profound." Evidently imitated from Castle of Indolence, Cant. I. St. Iv.:

"Or stock-doves plain amid the forest deep." Again, Gertrude of Wyoming, Part II. St. XXII.: beyond

Which is very similar to Castle of Indolence, Expression's power to paint, all languishingly fond."

Cant I. St. XLIV.:

"As loose on flow'ry beds all languishingly lay." With your permission, I will send you a few Notes on Milton's Lycidas, which appear to me to be worthy of attention. C. MANSFIELd Ingleby. Birmingham.

FOLK LORE,

Northumberland Tradition.-Joaney or Johnny Reed, the parish clerk of a village near Newcastle, was returning home one evening, and in passing a gate by the roadside marvelled much to see nine cats about it. His wonder was changed to horror

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Weather Prophecy.-G. E. G. has not yet had the answer to his inquiry about "oaks and ashes." The proverb is,

"If the oak's before the ash, Then you'll only get a splash. If the ash precedes the oak, Then you may expect a soak." The present wet summer gives the lie to the adage, for the oaks were out first. P.P.

St. Mark's Eve (Vol. iv., p. 470.). -Your correspondent MR. PEACOCK has alluded to a popular superstition respecting St. Mark's Eve which has interested me very much. I cannot help quoting Collins' lines upon the same subject, and shall much thank MR. PEACOCK, or any of your other correspondents learned in Folk Lore, to adduce some additional instances :

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Cheshire Cure for Hooping Cough. Whilst passing a short time in the neighbourhood of Alderley in Cheshire, I found, among other instances of Folk Lore prevailing there, the propriety of communicating to the bees the death of any of the family keeping hives. I learnt also another case, that of a speedy and efficacious cure for the troublesome complaint the hooping cough, which I think ought to be put on record for the comfort of all mothers and children. The remedy consists in a plain currant cake, to be eaten by the afflicted child, the main virtue of which cake is, however, in its being made by a woman whose maiden name was the same as that of the man she married;" and

on no account whatever is any payment or compensation to be made directly or indirectly for the cake. My informant has the firmest belief in this specific, he himself having witnessed, in the case of his own child, the beneficial result; but he took care to mention, as probably an advantage, that the cake which cured his child was made by a woman whose mother had also married her namesake. F. R. A.

Sites of Buildings changed, &c.-There are other churches in Lancashire besides Winwick whose sites have been changed by the Devil, and he has also built some bridges; that at Kirkby Lonsdale owes much of its beauty to the string of his apron giving way when he was carrying stones in it. The stones may be seen yet in the picturesque groups of rock below the bridge. Old cross or boundary stones, with a hole full of water, are so common that nobody honours them with a plague story; but we abound in other traditions. Åccording to some a priest, according to others the Devil, stamped his foot into the church wall at Brindle, to prove the truth of Popery; and 'George Marsh the Martyr" did the same at Smithells Hall to prove the truth of Protestantism: the foot-marks still remain on the wall and the flag. There is unfortunately such a wearisome sameness in these traditions, one story doing for so many different places (except that at Winwick it was as a pig, at Leyland as a cat, somewhere else as a fish, that Satan played his pranks), that any attempt to gather them together for "N. & Q." would only tire out the editor and all his readers.

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BUCHANAN AND THEODORE ZUINGER.

Bishop Horne, in his Commentary upon Psalm cxxii.. involves me in rather a dilemma. He says: "Theodore Zuinger, of whom some account may be found in Thuanus, when he lay on his death-bed, took his leave of the world, in a paraphrase on the foregoing psalm; giving it the same turn with that given to it above. It may serve as a finished specimen of the noble and exalted use which a Christian may, and ought to, make of the Psalms of David,"

And in the note he says:

"A learned friend has obliged me with a copy of these Latin verses of Zuinger, transcribed from the 303rd page of Vitæ Germanorum Medicorum, by Melchior Adamus. They are as follow:

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