sidered as a happy escape from famine, are known at last to die in reality of a disorder caused by hunger, but which in common language is often called a broken heart. Some of these I have known myself when very little able to relieve them."

Goldsmith is said to have borrowed the point of the well-known epitaph from De Cailly. R. W. H. NASH, B.A.

5, Florinda Place, Dublin.

RICHARDSON AND CLARISSA (4th S. viii. 453.) There is no doubt that Richardson was solicited to spare the virtue, as well as the life, of Clarissa. It is rather singular that an urgent appeal with respect to the former was made by the more than questionable Lætitia Pilkington, who quotes the opinion of Colley Cibber in support of her request. She says: "If she" (Clarissa) "must die, if her heart must break, let her make a triumphant exit, arrayed in white-robed purity." And proceeds in the same letter, with a candour that disarms rebuke: "Consider, if this wounds both Mr. Cibber and me (who neither of us set up for immaculate chastity), what must it do with those who possess that inestimable treasure."-Correspondence of Samuel Richardson, 1804, vol. i. cx. (Life, by Mrs. Barbauld), and vol. ii. p. 130.

CHARLES WYLIE.

"BETWEEN THE STIRRUP," ETC. (4th S. viii. 479.)

"A gentleman falling off his horse, brake his neck, which suddain hap gave occasion of much speech of his former life, and some in this judging world judged the worst. In which respect a good friend made this good epitaph, remembring that of St. Augustine, Misericordia Domini inter pontem et fontem':

'My friend, judge not me,
Thou seest I judge not thee;
Betwixt the stirrop and the ground
Mercy I askt, mercy I found.'

,

Camden's Remaines concerning Britaine,
1636, p. 392.

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

"HISTORY IS PHILOSOPHY TEACHING BY ExAMPLES (4th S. viii. 437.)-The above dictum from Bolingbroke, and that essayist's remark "I have read it somewhere in Dionysius of Halicarnassus "are quoted by DR. RAMAGE, with a friendly challenge to myself in particular to assist him in finding the passage in question. I therefore reply, that it may be found in the Ars Rhetorica of Dionysius, chap. xi. sec. 2, p. 212 (Tauchnitz text): Τοῦτο καὶ Θουκυδίδης ἔοικε λέγειν | περὶ ἱστορίας λέγων· ὅτι καὶ ἱστορία φιλοσοφία ἐστὶν ἐκ παραδειγμάτων. Then follows, a quotation from Thucydides, i. 22, 4; but the dictum itself is due to the rhetorician, not to the historian, as is sometimes supposed. J. E. SANDYS.

St. John's Coll. Cambridge. NOVELS FOUNDED ON EGYPT (4th S. viii. 185, 270, 426.)-The Priest of the Nile: a Tale of

JACOBITE CIPHERS (4th S. viii. 415.)-This appears to be a very simple form of cipher-the substitution of one letter for another. The key word dyometrical, it will be observed, contains no duplicates, and embraces nearly half the alphabet; the rest of which follows (or should follow) in alphabetical order, omitting such letters as have already been made use of, viz. B F (in lieu of the first H) G H K N P Q S V W X Z, and being placed in equal rows would read thus: D for F, F for D, Y for G, G for Y, and so on. Substituting then for g in some instances, as suggested, the ciphered paragraphs would run thus:· Kwqlowxx FnIpqnn Wik(1)hqwxx Femn Wxznkwqxn Vowqxi Wffnqxng

.

P(ff)hen

Ewqzhqqhai

Fepng

Awqqi

Marshall.

Déstree.
Adm(?)yrall.
Duke.

Albemarle. Charls. Adderley. T(yr?)one. Narborrows.*

Dutch.

Warrs.

I am at a loss to account for the "it" before "Vowqxi," as also for the "I" in the third ciphered word, and the double in the eighth; but these may possibly be errors of transcriptiona question which could only be decided by careful inspection of the original document.

The clue I have here given may possibly be sufficient for your correspondent; but if I can privately render him any further assistance, I shall be happy to do so if he will write me on the subject. CHAS. PETTET.

13, Oxford Villas, Hammersmith.

It is not easy to decipher without a complete example before one; but I can make one suggestion to MR. PAGET which may possibly enable him to read the letters, or more probably the secret messages contained in them.

In the examples given, I followed by a colon does not occur; while F, which is found in the examples, is not found in the key. Can one of the Hs be a mistake for F? I think so; for if we change the first H into F, the key will consist of the word diametrical, spelled dyometrical to avoid the repetition of any letter, followed by all the remaining letters of the alphabet in order. The advantage of this is obvious, as easy to carry the key in the memory without committing it to paper.

Now to the examples:-"Femn Wxznkwgxn" is Duke Albemarle; "vowqxi Wffnqxng" is Charls Adderley; and "fepuo awqqi" is Dutch

An evident allusion to Sir John Narborough, at that time a Commissioner of the Navy, and a Jacobite to his death in 1688.

wars. The remainder of the examples will not translate; but I fancy it was not uncommon to write a lot of nonsense with the true message, as an additional safeguard against its being read. MR. PAGET will easily be able to tell if this is so by taking a whole letter, and seeing if a sensible message can be extracted from it. T. W. G.

"ASPIDE QUID PEJUS," ETC. (4th S. viii. 418.)— This epigram is evidently a copy, or a parody on a well-known epigram (I do not know the author):

"Cortice quid levius? pulvis. Quid pulvere? Ventus. Quid vento? meretrix. Quid meretrice? Nihil." The penult of muliere is short, so the word cannot occur in an hexameter or pentameter line.

Dublin Library.

H.

THE STIGMATA OF ST. FRANCIS AND OTHERS (4th S. viii. 325.)-This story (omitted in Petit's edition) was probably one of the "interpolations et additions" of Henri Wircksburg. (See Brunet, Manuel, tom. ii. p. 1187, 5th edit., art. "Fasciculus.") According to Brunet, the Fasciculus of Rolewinck was continued by J. Linturius to A.D. 1514.

Fasciculus Temporum.-This requires a separate notice; for I possess a copy of the Fasciculus (Paris, Jehan Petit), which was unknown to Brunet, and which brings down the chronicles six years later than the editions he describes, viz. to 1518. It ends at the verso of fo. xciii. thus:

Florence of Worcester gives Cerdic's genealogy as follows:

"Cerdic was the son of Elesa, who was son of Esla, who was son of Gewis, who was son of Wig, who was son of Freawine, who was son of Freothegar, who was son of Brand, who was son of Bealdeag, who was son of Woden." G. M. T. DRUIDS AND GREEKS (4th S. viii. 479.)-The author of The Amenities of Literature had probably the following passage in his mind when he wrote the sentence quoted by your correspondent:

"Neque fas esse existimant ea literis mandare, quum in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus

POUSSIN'S DANCING FAUNS IN THE NATIONAL GALLERY (4th S. viii. 453.)-The Bacchanalian Dance by Nicholas Poussin, in the National Gallery (No. 62), has been engraved "by G. T. Doo, R.A., for the Associated Engravers; by Van Merlen, by R. Cooper, and by S. S. Smith, for Jones's National Gallery" (Wornum). G. M. T.

LONDONDERRY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY (4th S. viii. 480.)-Your correspondent will find some account of this society in the

"Learned Societies and Printing Clubs of the United Kingdom, by the Rev. A. Hume. With Supplement, by A. T. Evans." Edition 1853, p. 214.

CHARLES MASON.

3, Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park.

WREKIN (4th S. viii. 480.)-This name may be connected with that of the neighbouring Uriconium, the derivation of which I attempted some time since in "N. & Q." Or it may come from the British yr uch wyn, or y crug wyn-“ the fair eminence or mound"; or simply from y crugyn, "the hillock." Hillock, however, is scarcely the proper term for so considerable an eminence as the Wrekin. R. S. CHARNOCK.

Gray's Inn.

TEMPLE COWLEY (4th S. viii. 454.)- Your correspondent JUNII NEPOS inquires about an old house at Temple Cowley, near Oxford. The house in question is well known to me, but I had never previously heard that it was of anything like the antiquity he would assign to it. Its appearance (external) would rather indicate late sixteenth century work, but if possible I will endeavour to obtain access to the interior. It is well known that the Knights Templars had a church here, for in their "Lieger Book" we read that in 1148 Robert D'Oilly and Edith his wife granted them land to the value of six shillings and fourpence per annum towards "the dedication of their churche at Covele," near Oxford. The charters also confirming this grant by Matilda and King Stephen are printed by Dugdale. At the present time, however, not a trace of this Templars' church is to be seen, and the very site is unknown; but this may partly be accounted for by the fact that either in Edward I.'s reign or in Henry III.'s they removed their house from Cowley. The present church is erected on the foundations of another twelfth century church, which is also mentioned in the same records.

The chapel referred to by your correspondent as existing between Cowley and Headington is still standing, and in very fair preservation. It is

dedicated to St. Bartholomew; and its origin is mentioned in the "Hundred Rolls" (7 Edw. I. = 1279), where we read :

"The House of St. Bartholomew without Oxford was founded by the old King Henry (1100-1135), who married the good Queen Maud, and it was assigned for the accommodation and support of infirm lepers," &c.

It is also mentioned in the "Patent Rolls," 51 Hen. III., m. 29 (1266); and that it was a celebrated hospital is shown by the numerous gifts to it in succeeding years, as may be seen by reference to the "Patent Rolls" of Edwards II. and III., in the former of which reigns it was restored. It was much damaged during the civil war, and again restored in 1651. Wood mentions a quaint service which was held there on Ascension Day by the Fellows of New College.

It will thus be seen that this chapel had no connection with the Templars of Cowley; so that if the underground passage referred to by your correspondent can be traced at all, it might possibly lead to the site of the old Templars' church. Still if the passage exists it is worth investigation, and if your correspondent could send me any further particulars he may have collected about the old house, I should be much obliged, as I hope, if possible, to be able to visit the house and to examine it thoroughly.

J. P. EARWAKER,

Hon. Sec. Oxford Architectural Society. Merton College, Oxford.

MEDAL OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (4th S. viii. 454.)-Supposing the story true, and the medal that was found was what is ordinarily called a medal, it must have been “planted," as pennies (silver) alone were coined by William the Conqueror, but I cannot answer for what he struck when only Duke of Normandy.

NEPHRITE.

"Une médaille" is the French term for a coin. Coins of William the Conqueror are by no means

rare.

66

311. CARNAC (4th S. viii. 478.)--The name Carnac (properly Karnak) has been translated by Ducange burying-place or cemetery." A Mrs. Stothard, on the authority of a priest, says "carnac" in the Breton language signifies "a field of flesh." The name properly means "heaps of stones," from Bas-Bret. karn, pl. karnek, karnez. Conf. the W. carn (pl. carnedd) Gaelic carn, a cairn; carnach, abounding in cairns. R. S. CHARNOCK. Gray's Inn.

P.S.-Carnac would translate "field of flesh" in Gaelic, but no in Armoric or Bas-Breton.

ORMISTON CROSS, HADDINGTONSHIRE (4th S. viii. 478.)-I quote from the Statistical Account, Edin. 1845, ii. 141:

"There is an old cross in the centre of the village. It seems to have been connected with a Roman Catholic

chapel, which about the beginning of the last century stood where the cross now is, extending across the street from north-west to south-east. That chapel was then used as the school-house, and one of the oldest inhabitants, now dead, told me he was educated there. Several of the parish records are dated in that school-house.”

About the year 1829 or 1830:

in some danger of falling; to prevent which, it was substantially repaired by means of a subscription, and is now in a state to stand for ages."

"The stones of the base were much decayed, and it was

cross

In Jeffrey's History of Roxburghshire (Jedburgh, 1855, vol. i.) will be found some interesting notices of crosses still existing in that county. According to the Statistical Account (vol. already mentioned, Berwickshire, p. 56), there is a or monument of white sandstone at Crosshall, about a mile to the north of the village of Eccles"; and we learn from a footnote that a description and drawings of this cross are to be found in the Trans. Soc. of Antiq. Scotland, 1792, vol. i.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

J. MANUEL.

There is a market cross in the centre of the

village of Doune, Stirlingshire. I speak from a recollection of forty years ago, but, doubtless, it still remains. It then stood on rather dilapidated shallow steps; a narrow column of one stone having some kind of animal sitting on its hind quarters on the top. W. B. SCOTT.

"AN-HUNGERED " (4th S. viii. 435, 528.)-I regret to find that I am wrong in supposing this form to have originated with Tyndale. I did look in Stratmann's Dictionary, as MR. FURNIVALL recommends, and in others besides. Dr. Stratmann, under the word hungren gives ofhungren as the only compound; and this misled me. But he gives also anhungren under the heading and, with references which carry the word back to the time of Edward II. Anhungered is therefore a genuine form (the prefix being the A.-S. and-, G. ent-) existing side by side with ofhungren (where the prefix is the intensive of-). I still think, however, that the latter form is the older of the two; at any rate, it can be traced further back. I have already shown that of- and on- were used as prefixes in a nearly convertible manner. This correction is due to MR. FURNIVALL.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. Prolegomena to Ancient History: containing Part 1. The Interpretation of Legends and Inscriptions; Part II. A Survey of Old Egyptian Literature. By John P. Mahaffey, A.M., M.R.I.A., Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, and Lecturer on Ancient History in the University of Dublin. (Longmans.)

This volume contains the more essential parts of a series of lectures delivered by the author in the University of Dublin. The essays are, as the author says, not

so much history as prolegomena to history, being chiefly occupied in discussing the nature and the value of our evidences for human culture antecedent to that of Greece and Rome. The adverse judgment pronounced by our author on Thukydides (the orthography is Mr. Mahaffey's) is sure to provoke criticism; but the information which the lecturer has collected on Egyptian and cuneiform writing, and his General Survey of Old Egyptian Literature, in which he notices and records the labours of Continental and English scholars, will, as we have no doubt he justly anticipates, be acceptable not only to those who are now entering upon such studies, but to a larger class, who desire to weigh fairly the value of recent discoveries in enlarging our knowledge of Ancient History.

Character. By Samuel Smiles. (Murray.)

Under this brief title the author of Self Help has published an interesting series of Essays on Influence of Character; Home Power; Companionship and Example; Work; Courage; Self-Control; Duty-Truthfulness; Temper; Manner-Art; Companionship of Books; Companionship in Marriage; and The Discipline of Experience; which abound with right feeling and strong common sense. While as Mr. Smiles has the happy gift of illustrating the principles which he lays down by appropriate examples, the book is alike amusing and instructive; and just such an one as a judicious parent would like to place in the hands of his son on his entrance on the business of life.

To, At, and From Berlin. By R. F. H., Author of "Blythe House." (Wyman.)

A graceful and pleasant account from the pen of a lady of a journey to Berlin in June, 1871, for the purpose of witnessing the triumphal entry of the German army after their return from the Franco-German war; containing in addition to an account of that great scene, good notices of the chief objects of interest at Berlin. The Romance of Trade. By H. R. Fox Bourne. (Cassell.) Seeing that we are essentially a "nation of shopkeepers," and are not ashamed of being so, but the rather rejoice in it, Mr. Bourne may be congratulated on having chosen a subject which cannot fail to be popular. For, as the author well remarks, the whole history of trade, if read aright, is as interesting as it is instructive; for in it are to be found incidents and episodes as striking as in any other history. It has, therefore, not been a difficult task to prepare such a gossip-book about commerce as the one before us. A capital Index adds materially to the value of the work.

Little Lucy's Wonderful Globe. Pictured by L. Frölich, and narrated by Charlotte M. Yonge, Author of "The Heir of Redclyffe." (Macmillan.)

It would seem from the title-page that, in the work before us, the usual course of proceeding in the prepara- | tion of this book has been reversed; and Miss Yonge, instead of calling upon Herr Frölich to set off her story with his pictures, has employed her well-skilled pen to illustrate the pretty sketches of the German artist. But the result is very satisfactory; and her juvenile readers, while amusing themselves with Lucy's Wonderful Globe, will pick up a good deal of useful information respecting foreign countries and the characteristics of their inhabitants.

LORD BROUGHAM.-On Saturday last, at the Annual Public Meeting of the Académie des Sciences, Morales et Politiques, M. Mignet delivered an address on the life and labours of the late Lord Brougham, who was at the time of his death the oldest Foreign Associate of the Academy.

1

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

66

Goody Two Shoes" and the Nursery Literature of the last Century.

The Earl of Essex's Pocket Dial.
Was Anna Boleyn born in Ireland?
Superstition in the German Army.

Being anxious to include a large number of Replies in the present number, we have postponed until next week many Notes and Queries of interest, and abridged our usual Notes on Books.

THOMAS RATCLIFFE.-The Cornish arms are a field sable with fifteen bezants, not balls. These arms were borne by Condurus, the last Earl of Cornwall of British blood, in the time of William I., and were so borne until Richard, Earl of Cornwall, on being created Earl of Poictou, took the arms of such. See "N. & Q." 1st S. iv. 174.The newspaper entitled The English Mercurie, 1588, is clearly a forgery, as stated in "N. & Q." 3rd S.

ix. 373.

R. O. C. (Glasgow.)-For the practice of wood-engraving consult the following works: Art of Wood-Engraving, a Practical Handbook, by Thomas Gilks, 1867; Art of Wood-Carving, by George Alfred Rogers, 1867; Manual of Wood-Carving, by W. Bemrose and L. Jewitt, 6th edit. 1868; and Instructions in Wood-Engraving, by S. E. Fuller, 1868.

P. S. W. (Winchester.)-Burlesque (Italian, burlesco) is jocular, tending to raise laughter by unnatural or unsuitable language or images. -Extravaganza is anything out of rule, as in music, the drama, §c.

ERRATA.-4th S. viii. p. 530, col. i. line 9 from "bottom, for "former" read "latter"; col. ii. line 28 from top, for "Suror" read "Sura"; p. 535, col. ii. line 2 from bottom (of text) dele t, for note + belongs to the asterisk in p. 536, col. i. line 9.

NOTICE.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.

All communications should be addressed to the Editor at the Office, 3, Wellington Street, W.C.

To all communications should be affixed the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

Queries, with No. 212, an. 20, 1872. j

A

.on Bacon of "The Times," 25

Parish registers of Barbados, 36
Whitgift pedigree, 88

A. (A. M.) on time of funerals, 86
Abdie, its derivation, 77, 174, 272

A'Beckett (Gilbert Albert), sketch of the Duke of
Cumberland, 116, 143, 233

Abell (Mrs. Elizabeth), death, 59
Abhba on Bishop Wm. Cottrell, 516

Sackville (Lord George), 185

Ache on Calvary on tombs, 470

"Cast for death," 458

Quotations, 418

Acon, or Acre, an order of knighthood, 448

Adams (John Quincy), "Letter on Hamlet," 26

Addis (John) on Chaucer's "Miller's Tale," 22;
"Reeve's Tale," 144; "Hawe-Bake," 301
"Great griefs are silent," 254

Moon-gathered darnels, 132
Shoeing the goose, 335.

Spira (Francesco), 235

"The man shall have his mare again," 147

Addison (Joseph), supposed to be quoted, 515

A. (E. H.) on two centenarians, 85

A. E. I. on jewellery, 410

Elia Lælia Crispis, an enigmatical name, 56, 92
Agard, Agar, Egar family, 298, 377

A. (G. B.) on Robert Courthose's tomb, 353
Survey of crown lands, 486

Agnesi (Maria), curve called "the witch," 109, 157
A. (H.) on christening bit in Edinburgh, 506
A. (H. E.) on Leslie, Earl of Rothes, 152
Ailmar (Bishop), his will, 125, 217, 292
Ainger (Alfred) on ampersand, 468

A. (J. E. F.) on Ailmar, bishop of Almbam, 292
Garret and Gerald, 479

A. (L.) on Philip Scarlett, 127

Allam (Andrew) of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, 46
Allen (Thomas), projected "History of Southwark,"
353, 461

All-to, as an adverb, 6, 71, 148, 271

Almanacks, Yorkshire, 518