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I think your readers will agree with Mr. Hudson Turner, when he says:

One of the earliest instances of a gem used as a personal seal is the secretum of John, as Earl of Mortaine (c. 1170), in which the head of one of the later emperors is used with the legend SECRETUM IOHANNIS; engraved in Sandford's Genealogical Hist., p. 55. The counter-seal of Roger, Archbishop of York (d. 1181), is formed of a gem representing a chimera with three heads, with legend allusive to the Trinity (Arch. Journal, v. 6). The thumb-ring of Seffrid, Bishop of Chichester (1125), was an Abraxas gem. Randle, first Earl of Chester, for his privy seal used an antique gem with a double motto in French and Latin round it. Mr. Fitch, of Norwich, had in his collection three examples, which are engraved in Papers of Norfolk Archeological Soc., iii. 422. These are the seal of Sir Gilbert de Hulcote, with a sea-horse on the gem; one with a bacchanalian figure, with medieval inscription LECTA TEGE, found near North Walsham; and a rude figure of a cock on a blood-stone, with legend IOHANNES CHRISTI AMICI, found at Thwaite, Suffolk. Mr. Hudson Turner thinks the latter was a mediæval attempt at counterfeiting an ancient gem, and, if so, exceedingly interesting. Descriptions of three more examples of medieval appropriation of gems will be found in the Archeological Journal, iii. 76. The device on one is a genius holding a head (or mask) in his hand, giving it to a little faun. It was found in a field near the collegiate church of Stoke, by Clare, Suffolk, and was probably used as a seal by one of the members of the church, which was dedicated to St. John the Baptist, from a supposed assimilation to the scriptural history of the delivery of the head of St. John. The mediæval legend on this seal is IESVS EST AMOR. The two other seals have a lion resting his paw on a bull's head, with the legend SVM LEO QOVIS EO NON NISI VERA VEO; and an eagle displayed, with CONSILIVM EST QVODCVQE CANO. Mr. Alling ham, of Reigate, on another occasion, submitted to the Institute an example found between that town and Linkfield Street. It is a figure of Mars on a cornelian, and in the Middle Ages had been

"A catalogue of the subjects of all intaglios of which ancient impressions are known to exist in England would form a curious, and possibly valuable, contribution to glyptographical knowledge.' JOHN PIGGOT, JUN., F.S.A.

P.S. An engraving of the privy seal of Prior Walter (1220), of Leominster, in Messrs. Townsend and Freeman's Town and Borough of Leominster, furnishes another instance of a Roman engraved stone being used as a seal. The prior became Abbot of Shrewsbury. The legend is— QUI SE HUMILIAT EXALTABITUR. Mr. Ready of the British Museum has sent me four examples of these seals, and tells me he has many more examples in his numerous collection.

It was not at all an uncommon thing for our forefathers, when they found an antique gem, to turn it to use by inserting it in a seal. It is said, but I do not remember on what authority at this moment, that they were commonly thought to be natural productions. The Chapter of Durham were wont to use a seal of this sort. Mr. Raine, in his North Durham, thus speaks of it:

"A very beautiful head of Jupiter Tonans, encircled by the inscription CAPUT SANCTI OSWALDI REGIS, formed the reverse of the old capitular seal of Durham. The obverse, a cross, with the legend SIGILL' SANCTI CUDBERHTI PRÆSULIS S'CI, the matrix of which still exists in the Dean and Chapter library, had been for some time in use when the monks found at Lanchester, or some neighbouring station, a handsome intaglio; which, by an explanatory legend on a surrounding margin of brass, they converted into the head of their patron king, and The treasury abounds with antiques of a similar nature. The cloth merchant of York, and the prebendary from Lanchester, generally seal with some beautiful relic of Roman times discovered in this neighbourhood." – Note, p. 53.

thus sealed the obverse and reverse till the Dissolution.

"THE GARDEN OF THE SOUL" (4th S. vii. 513.) There is not the least obscurity as to the authorship of this well-known Catholic Prayer-book. The author was certainly Bishop Challoner; it has never been even attributed to any other. Nor is it quite correct to say that it is not noticed by Barnard in his Life of Bishop Challoner, for in his chapter xxi. p. 154, he says: "in the year 1767 he published several other things for the good of his flock; such as the Garden of the Soul," &c. Barnard's work, however, is very defective; and it is surprising that he should not have known more about this publication. It certainly had been published long before 1767; for in a catalogue at the end of Gother's Instructions for hearing Mass, printed in 1740, among the works published by Bishop Challoner, I find The Garden of the Soul, price 1s. 6d.; and I have now before me an edition " printed for T. Meighan, in Drury Lane, 1764," which is stated in the title-page to be "the ninth edition, corrected and enlarged by the author." I have also that of 1778, called in the title-page "the tenth edition, corrected."

The French book mentioned was a translation of Challoner's Book of Meditations; but why the translator chose to call it Le Jardin de l'Ame, I cannot imagine. Such a title was calculated only to mislead. F. C. H.

referring to the blessing of horses at Rome, I think a still older copy, which bore the initials of "R- C- The reply to Middleton was either prefixed or appended, I forget which. I am inclined to think that the Catholic Christian instructed and mentioned by Gorton, is the same work. I have had also a two-volume edition

of Meditations for every Day in the Year that does not appear in his list of works by Gorton, although it may be among the "et ceteras" that he alludes

to.

Carisbrook.

J. A. G.

PASSAGES IN SHELLEY (4th S. vii. 455.)—I have only just now (June 25, 1871,) seen this query in your number of May 27. The passage should stand thus:

"And that tall flower that wets-
Like a child, half in tenderness and mirth-
Its mother's face with heaven-collected tears,
When the low wind it playmate's voice it hears."

In my two-volume annotated edition of Shelley, and in all editions whatsoever prior to that, the line "Like a child," &c., does not appear: it had been lost. When the two-volume edition appeared it was reviewed in a very valuable article in the Westminster Review, July, 1870. This article gave a number of important emendations, obtained by Mr. Garnett from a recent reinspection of the MSS. now in the possession of the Shelley family. One of the emendations was the recovered line "Like a child," &c. My onevolume unannotated edition of Shelley was then in course of preparation. I inserted this line in its proper place. The printer printed it, but by a disastrous lapsus, he missed out, by way of compensation as it were, the other line, "Its mother's face," &c. As soon as the one-volume edition appeared my kind correspondent and your valued contributor, the REV. DR. DOBBIN, called my attention to the blunder. I corrected it, and the copies of the one-volume edition now and lately in course of being issued give the passage accurately.

W. M. ROSSETTI.

STAFFORD OF BLATHERWICK, GRETTON, SUDBURY, ETC. (4th S. vii. 387.)-In answer to A.'s appeal, I am sorry that I cannot furnish him with any information as to the manor of Gretton. With regard to the manor of Sudbury, its localityalthough the name has passed away and not a vestige of the manorial rights any longer exists was near Eaton-Socon in Bedfordshire.

In 1460, Sir John Fray, Kt., Chief Baron of the Exchequer, died possessed, inter alia, of the manor of Sudbury, co. Beds. and of a messuage in the town of St. Neots, co. Hunts. From him it passed to the Staffords of Blatherwick, by marriage of his fourth daughter and coheir, Catherine Fray, with Humphry Stafford, Esq. At her de

cease, in 1482, she was possessed of this manor and its appurtenances; and so likewise her husband-in her right-at his decease in 1486. Their eldest son, Sir Humphry Stafford of Blatherwick, Kt., at his death in 1545 was also possessed of it. His grandson, Humphry Stafford, Esq., who died in 1607, leaving no male issue, styled himself of Sudbury, co. Beds; and by indenture, dated 13 Oct. 44 Eliz. 1602, he, with his brother, William Stafford of Blatherwick, Esq., conveyed to trustees, inter alia, the manor of Sudbury with its appurtenances in Eaton-Socon, co. Beds, and in St. Neots, co. Hunts, to certain uses, with ultimate remainder-failing Humphry's issue maleto his brother William Stafford and his heirs.

A resident in the neighbourhood informs me that the manor of Sudbury does not exist, and the very name seems to be forgotten; and that the manor of Eaton-Socon, or a manor in that parish, of which the Dukes of Bedford claimed-down to about 1820-to be lords (but which claim was given up before 1830) no longer exists. It is therefore quite possible that the late Duke of Bedford's claim was the last gasp of the manor of Sudbury.

In Gorham's History of St. Neots, 1820, there are extracts from the cartularies of the monastery of St. Neots. Among them there is a notice of grants of fishery in the river Ouse from William de Sudbir to that monastery. The lands of this William de Sudbir adjoined those of the Beauchamps: the site of whose castle on the banks of the Ouse close to Eaton-Socon is traceable in the large earthworks that still remain.

In 8 Edw. III., Johanna, wife of John Sudbury, died possessed of the manor of Sudbury, co. Beds, as of the honour of Huntingdon, and of lands in Eton. In 22 Edw. III., William de Sudbury, Chr., died possessed of the manor of Sudbury, co. Beds. (Ing. p.m. Printed Calendars.) Southampton.

B. W. GREENFIELD.

THE MEMORY OF SMELLS (4th S. vi. 297; vii. 178, 413, 481.)-I think I can fully corroborate D. BLAIR'S very interesting observations on the "Memory of Smells." Like JoHN FEARN, I too can recollect the pleasure I felt when, a mere boy during the wars of the first Napoleon (1812-14)-(everything was then, as now-a-days, out of price, and business at a standstill)-my father used to send our servants to bake bread to a friend of his, who had an oven on his premises at the other end of the town, and their making for each of us children a small loaf of bread. Its peculiar flavour I remember to this day. Nor shall I ever forget the smell of an old fox, the first I ever bagged, whilst staying at the chateau of a French emigré in the heart of La Vendée in 1825. Its skin, a beautiful one, though now rather the worse for wear, still lies under my desk and keeps my feet

warm.

Then, again, how many pleasant associations I treasure up in my heart of heart of the African diffa I made at Blidah under a caroubier in 1846, on my way from Algiers, over the Teniah dé Mouzzaïa, to Medeah, in company with Count de Salvandy (minister of Louis Philippe I.), Marshal Bugeaud (Governor-General of Algeria), and a host of very distinguished officers, whose names have later acquired a world-wide reputationTrochu, Ladmirault, Bourbaki, Durrieu (lately Governor-General par intérim), and Rivet, who met with a glorious death at Malakoff. The peculiar smell of the couscoussou and of the entire roasted sheep brought under our noses by the Arabs I cannot forget.

I dare say, were old Jack Falstaff still alive, he would well remember that "rankest compound of villanous smell" that struck so forcibly on his olfactory nerves when shut up in the dirty clothes basket.

As to tastes, the most exquisite fruit I ever tasted-and many travellers are of my opinionis certainly the Javanese mangustin, the outer rind of which, of a dark red colour, is as bitter and astringent as the inner creamy bulb is savoury and delicious. P. A. L.

PARODIES: THE LATE STEPHEN KEMBLE, ETC. (4th S. vii. 15, 105, 177, 261.)-The Poetic Mirror is by Hogg. This has been already stated in "N. & Q." It is in the fourth volume, 12mo edition, of his Poetical Works.

Waters" emanated from the "Durham Wags," The following parody on the "Meeting of the It was aimed at the late Stephen Kemble, whose and originally appeared in the Durham Chronicle. frequent visits to Wynyard (the seat of Lord Stewart, afterwards Marquis of Londonderry) used to be celebrated by the great actor in poetry that was anything but "first rate":

"There is not in the wide world a mansion so sweet As the Hall where my Lord' and 'my Lady' I meet: Their kind invitations such pleasure impart, That house can be never erased from my heart. "It is not that well-polished tables so fine Within its apartments resplendently shine; It is not the green trees that round it I see: Oh no! there is something more pleasing to me! ""Tis because Noble Stewart the Patriot' is there, With his Lady so lovely, so charming, and fair; And who make all their tables in beauty improve When they spread them with dishes that dearly I love. "Hail, sweetest of mansions! how should I be blest, If I e'er might dwell there with the food I love best; Then the pangs I now draw from my crack'd harp should end,

And in stuffing and cramming my days would I spend. "STEPHEN STUFFBAGS." *

"Noble Stewart the Patriot" was a favourite expression of Mr. Kemble's. "The Wags" were a constant annoyance to Mr. Kemble, and the above is not the only effusion that they fired against him. I remember another poem which was a parody on some lines by Mr. Kemble. It began

"The welcome feasting season near
Draws the fat poet to the peer;

While Wynyard teems with ample stores, The bard in suppliant strain adores.” This also appeared in the Durham Chronicle. I regret that I cannot give all the lines, but I may perhaps obtain them. The parody was a glorious bit of fun. A parody by the "Wags on the "Lines on the Burial of Sir John Moore" may be found in Richardson's Border Table-Book, article "The Wags of Durham.” N.

CHEPSTOW ESTRIGHOIEL (4th S. vii. 34, 290, 377.) The identity as to place of these two names, and the derivation and meaning of the latter, are fully set forth by Mr. Ormerod, the historian of Cheshire, in an unpublished work of his entitled Strigulensia: Archeological Memoirs relating to the District adjacent to the Confluence of the Severn and the Wye. 8vo, London, 1861.

In chap. vii. p. 64, "On the Identity of the Norman Estrighoiel of the Domesday Survey with the later and present Chepstow," which the author in a foot-note states is an amplification of a memoir of his own on the same subject printed in the Archeologia, xxix. pp. 25-31, he treats of Camden's mistake in assigning the locality of Strigul to the petty castellet of Stroggy, or Troggy, on Pencaemawr, near Usk, and then-under the several heads of, viz. 1, the Castle of Strigul; 2, the Port; 3, the Burgh; 4, the Priory; 5, the Church; 6, the Bridge; 7, the Honor, Manor, and titular Earldom of Strigul-he quotes a series of authorities which settle and prove the identity of Strigul and Chepstow.

In chap. viii. p. 72, "On the probable Derivation and Import of Estrighoiel, the Name given to Chepstow in the Domesday Survey," he gives his authorities for deriving the word from YsTraigyl, a turn or rolling about, and he rejects its derivation from Strata Julia as condemned by Leland, who makes the following comment on the annotation cited by MR. A. S. ELLIS, viz., "Sic ille, mihi tamen vix placet annotatio."

Southampton.

B. W. G.

GOUGH A SURNAME (4th S. iv. passim; v. 350, 455.) The connection pointed out by your correspondent (p. 350) between Gow and Gof or Gough, Anglice Smith, or a worker in iron, is very curious and interesting.

I am anxious to ascertain whether the arms which he describes-Azure, three lions rampant and a chief argent-were the true bearings of the

Graunt, otherwise Gough family. Burke attributes these arms, with the lions or, to Grant. A very similar coat-Vert, three lions rampant and a chief argent-was impaled in 1755 by Sir Nathaniel Hodges, Knt., of Bethnal Green, "by the name of Buttall" (Kent's Banner Displayed, p. 836). Or, three lions rampant gules, were borne, as appears from a monumental inscription in Wolfrelow church, Herefordshire (Duncumb, ii. 260), by the family of Buckle of Chaseley, co. Worcester; and "Buckland or Buckle," of co. Somerset, bore Gules, three lions rampant argent, on a canton sable a fret or. Azure, three lions rampant... occur on a seal of a family named Brettell, 1748.

In Mr. Papworth's Ordinary the coat, Azure three lions rampant or, a chief argent, is attributed to "Grant alias Buttell, as quartered by Weld," and also to Button of Wilts; whilst a similar coat, with the field argent and the lions and chief azure, the same writer assigns to "Grant of Crundall, Hants, 1716."

In Berry's Pedigrees of Hampshire Families (p. 34) there is a long pedigree of Button of Alton, Wilts, whose arms were, Ermine, a fesse gules.

A member of this family, Sir William Button, obtained a baronetcy in the reign of Charles II., and one of his ancestors, Howell Button, is described as "otherwise Graunt." The family at this period appear to have resided in Glamorganshire, and they contracted alliances with Welsh families. Possibly, therefore, this "alias Graunt" may have been derived from some marriage with an heiress of the family mentioned by your correspondent; but still the curious fact remains of these, or similar arms, being borne by families named Buttall, Buckle, and Buckland, and perhaps by Brettell; but there is no evidence to show that the three lions were intended for the arms of the last-named family, for the seal on which they occur may have belonged to some maternal

ancestor.

Is anything known concerning the ancestry of Lady Hodges née Buttall? H. S. G. MOURNING OR BLACK-EDGED WRITING-PAPER (4th S. vii. 209, 307, 378, 443.)—I am much obliged to the correspondents who so courteously have taken the trouble to assist in my inquiry. From their answers it appears that writing-paper blacked at the edges dates as far back as 1683; that such paper was disapproved by Allan Ramsay, who died in 1758; that 4to paper, with a black border as deep as one quarter of an inch, was used in 1759; and that black-edged paper was employed both in foreign and English correspondence.

In late years, the "sable-bordered" display has grown so obtrusive and so excessive, that even visiting-cards have been seen, later than the year 1854, entirely black, with the name only printed in white. Surely bad taste could go no further.