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XXXV.

thereby there lay

An huge great flone, which stood upon one end, And had not bene removed many a day; Some land-marke feemd to bee, or fign of fundry way. It feem'd to be fome land-mark-or, which stone feemed to be fome land-mark-For fo Spenser leaves us often to supply the conftruction. These ftones, thus ufed in boundaries, our forefathers called Dowle-ftones from dælan, dividere, partiri.-Thereby there lay an huge great flone which stood upon one end, idov xisperer in media, péλανα, τρηχύν τε μέγαντε, Hom. Il. xxi. Saxum antiquum ingens, Virg. xii. 896. Scaliger in comparing together Virgil and Homer (Poetices Lib. v.) fays Virgil's epithet, antiquum is more to the purpose than Homer's, édava, nigrum— he fays 'tis poffible too, it was not Tx, afperum, if it was placed as a boundary. It feems however plain to me, that Spenfer had Homer's epithet in view, Tax, by faying, a stone which food upon one end, for that is the meaning of Homer's epithet.

all attend

On whom the foufing eagle should defcend.

To foufe is to plung: the faulcon foufes, when the plunges and defcends upon her quarry. Wacht. faufen, ftrepitum edere. convenit iavoa, refonare.

XLI.

And his bright field that NOUGHT him now avayld.] I venture to say Spenfer did not write fo: or if he did, he forgot himself. This bright shield reprefented allegorically Truth and Reason, which gets the better over all illufive phantafms, and ever did avayle: fee the defcription of this fhield, B. i. C. 7. St. 33, 34, 35. He seldom used this fhield, thinking he was fufficient without its extraordinary affiftance. See B. i. C. 8. St. 19. Never but once. See B. v. C. 8. St. 37. With a very little alteration, I reduce the paffage, agreeable to the history and allufion of this inchanted shield. And his bright fhield that MOTE him now avayld. His fword he laid afide, and his bright fhield that might have now availd him; the most infallible refource against fuch illufions.

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The fhallop was floating when thruft from the who does not now fee that the former IT was ftrand.

And forth yewd, as on the readie flore
Of fome theatre, a grave perfonage.

B. iii. C. 12. St. 3. This grave or tragical perfonage was ready and prepared for the part, which he was to per

form: not the flore on which the mask or pa

geant was to be acted.

But as he lay upon the humbled grafs.

B. vi. C. 7. St. 26. i. e. as he lay humbled upon the grafs. This conftruction gives a figurative air to the diction, and places it above vulgar ufe: and hence it has been adopted by the best of poets.

-poftquam arma dei ad Vulcania ventum est. i. e. quando ventum eft ad arma Vulcani dei.

Virg. xii. 732. Tyrrhenufque tubae mugire per aethera Clangor. i. e. Clangor Tyrrhenae tubae. Virg. viii. 528. Non animum modo uti pafcat profpectus inanem, vel, inanis profpectus. Virg. G. ii. 285. And I believe Virgil wrote, premit alto corde dolorem, Æn. i. 213. and not altum, as the more poetical language. So Statius ix. 796,

-baud unquam deformes vertice mitras' Induimus, TURPIQUE manu jaƐtavimus haftas. i. e. nunquam manu jalavimus TURPES baftas, viz. Thyafos.

Pofitofque vernas, ditis examen domus,

Circum renidentes Lares.

Horat. Epod. ii. 65. renidentes properly belongs to vernas (viz. renidentes circum Lares) but that is profaical: 'tis therefore in conftruction joined to Lares, which is more poetical and figurative. Premant Calenâ falce, quibus dedit Fortuna vitem. Horat. Lib. i. Od. 3r Dr. Bentley alters this, and reads Calenam vitem. See note on B. i. C. 4. St. 48, and note on B. iv. C. 8. St. 16.

Ibid.

Adowne he keft IT with fo puiffant wreft,
That back againe IT did alofte rebound.] Spenfer
very often repeats his words by way of empha-
fis; many inftances of which kind of repeti-
tions are given in a note on B. üi. C. 2. St. 16.
17.

Tho when he felt him dead adowne he keft
Adowne he keft with fo puissant wrest,
That back againe IT did alofte rebound

inferted in the context by the Printer's ufual blunder of fuffering his eye to be caught by the word juft under it ?-With fo puiffant a wrest, Wrest is fo fpelt for the rhyme, and used for i. e. with fo puiflant an arm; fo puiffantly. the arm: pars pro toto.

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Virg. G. iii.

-Tentanda via eft, qua me quoque poffim
TOLLERE HUMO.
Compare Fulgentius, L. ii. C. vii. who alle-
gorizes the fable of Antaeus and Hercules. An-
taeus in modum libidinis ponitur: unde et årríos
Graecè contrarium dicimus. Ideo et de Terrâ natus,
quod fola libido de carne dicitur. Denique e iam tactâ
terrâ validior exfurgebat. Libido enim quanto carni
confenferit, tanto furgit iniquior. When ever this
mifcreant touch'd the earth, he arofe more vi-
gorous. See St. 42. 44.

Quale il Libico Anteo fempre più fiero
Surger folea da la perceffa arena.

Arioft. ix. 77.

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GUYON

NT O

UrON through Palmers governance
Through paling perilles great

Doth overthrow the bowre of blis,

And Acrafy defeat.

The 2d quarto and Folio's read much better,
Guyon by Palmers gouernaunce

Paffing through perilles great

I.

III.

XII.

He foone in vomit up againe doth lay.] This gulfe
of Greediness is imaged from the gulf and
whirlpool Charybdis. The reader at his leifure
may fee Virgil's description, iii. 420. which
Spenfer feems to have imitated that deep en-
gorgeth, forbet in abruptum, which baving fwal-
lowed up he foon vomits up again.,
He foone in vomit up againe doth LAY.
I would rather read,

He foone in vomit up againe doth PAY.
i. e. He doth refund, or pay it back againe by
vomiting it up: lay it up, is very hardly expref-
fed. Rurfufq; fub auras Erigit.

Now gins THIS goodly frame of Temperance -] Spenfer among the Errata corrects, THAT.Now begins that goodly frame of Temperance fairely to rife, and to advance her head, to pricke of highest praife, to the utmost point of praise. [Anglo-S. pnica, punctum. Horat. Art. Poet. 343. omne tulit pun&tum. i. e. fuffragia judicum: quippe veteres non fcribebant fuffragia, fed puncto notabant.] Formerly grounded, heretofore grounded and faft fettled on the firm foundation of magnificence, imaged in Prince Arthur, Quaeq; vomit fluctus totidem, totidemq; resorbet. who routed the foes of Alma.

And this brave knight, that for this virtue fights

I fomewhat queftion whether this is not twice repeated by the careless printer,

And the brave knight, that for this virtue fights, viz. Sir Guyon.

II.

Upon the waves to spread her trembling light.] Il tremolante lume. Arioft. Orl. Fur. C. viii. St. 71. Tremulum lumen, Virg. viii. 22. Splendet tremulo fub lumine pontus, vii. 9. Virgil took this expreffion from Ennius:

Lumine fic tremulo terra et cava caerula candent.

Nunc forbere fretum, nunc REDDERE.
-ratibufque inimica Charybdis

Ov. Met. vii. 63

Epift. Med. 125. -vorat haec raptas revomitq; carinas. Met. xiii. 731.

Compare Hom. Od. p. 235.-In the following ftanza Scylla is alluded to: "the rocke fo ce"lebrated by the poets; whofe unacceffable

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height is fo hyperbolically defcribed by Hom. "Od. xii." Sandy's Travels, pag. 247. Compare Virg. iii. 424.

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Through which the damned ghofts-] The lake
Avernus is faid to be the entrance into hell.
See Virg. vi. 237. and from which likewise the
infernal fpirits are faid to afcend. Inde in vi-
ciniâ noftra Avernus lacus, Unde animae excitantur,
obfcura umbrâ opertae, oftio alti Acheruntis, falfo
fanguine, imagines mortuorum, Cicer. Tufc. Difp.
i. 16. Taenarus is likewife faid to be the dread-
ful hole of Tartare. Horat. i. Od. 34. berrida
Taenari fedes.

Taenarias etiam fauces, alta oftia Ditis.
Virg. G. iv. 467.
Hoc (ut fama) loco pallentes devius umbras
Frames agit, nigriq; Jovis vacua atria ditat
Mortibus.

VII.

eft pulfa remis, PURPURASCIT. i. e. looks
BRIGHT and brilliant.

Spiritus Eurorum virides cum purpurat undas.
Furius apud A. Gell.

Purpurat, id eft, Gall. fait blanchier la mer. See
Tan. Fab. Epift. i. And Broukh. on Propert.
ii. xx. 5.

Qualem purpureis agitatam fluctibus Hellen.

XIII.

As th' ifle of Delos whylome men report
Amid th' Aegaean fea long time did fray,
Ne made for fhipping any certeine port,
Till that Latona traveiling that way,
Stat. ii. 48. Flying from Juno's wrath and hard affay,
Of her fayre twins was there delivered,
Which afterwards did rule the night and day:
Thenceforth it firmly was established,

-make shipwrack of their life and fame.] This is fcriptural, 1 Tim. i. 19. περὶ τὴν πίσιν ἐναυάγησαν i. e. interprete Hefychio, ixidóvevo av. Compare Cebes, ravayšou iv Cių.

X.

With his fiff oares did brush the fea fo ftrong,
That the boare waters from his frigot ran,
And the LIGHT bubles daunced all along
Whiles the falt brine out of the billowes fprong.]
Stiff oares, validis remis Virg. v. 15. the hoare
waters, son. Homer. brufh the fea, caerula
verrunt. Virg. iii. 208. Verrimus & proni cer-
remis. iii. 668. So below,
tantibus aequora remis. iii. 668.

St. 29.

And for Apolloes temple highly berried.] Delos was once a wandering or foating iland, πλωτὴ νῆσος, as Eolia defcribed by Homer, Od. x. 2. 'till Latona travelling or journeying that way, where the floating island swam, was there delivered of Apollo and Diana.-Hyginus (Fab. 140.) tells the ftory, and agreeable to him other mythologists, that Neptune hid Latona in the island Ortygia, afterwards called Delos, being perfecuted by Juno; and that here fhe was brought to bed. See Ov. Met. vi. 186. Virgil thus defcribes this facred ifland, Æn. iii. 73.

By Doris lov'd and oceans azure god,

But with his oares did fweepe the watry wilderneffe. Lies a fair ifle amid th' Egean flood;
Fairfax, xv. 12.

Some spread their failes, fome with ftrong oars fweepe.
The waters fmooth, and brush the buxome wave.
Spenfer fays, And the LIGHT bubles, &c. i. e.
And the bubles danced lightly, &c. But what if
we fuppofe our poet to have written,

And the BRIGHT bubles daunced all along
Whiles the falt brine out of the billows fprong.

i. e. The bubles look'd like fparkles of fire,
which was owing to the brine being brushed out
with the oars which is a ufual phaenomenon,
and what I myself have feen at fea. And this
is elegant: the fecond verfe expreffes the mean-
ing of the firft. To interpret light the fame as
bright, feems here ambiguous; which fault is
only to be avoided by this eafy change. Befide,
who is ignorant of Spenfer's perpetual allufions
to the poets? mare purpureum, xupa woppipor,
fluctus purpurei, Cicer. L. i. Quaeft. Academ.
Quid mare, nonne caeruleum? at ejus unda, quum

Which Phoebus fixd: for once be wanderd round
The Shores, and floated on the vaft profound.
But now unmovd the peopled region braves
The roaring whirlwinds and the furious waves.
Safe in her open ports, the facred ifle
Receiv'd us harrass'd with the naval toile.
Our reverence due to Phoebus' town we pay.—
Milton, Sonnet xii. had this ftanza of our poet
in view,

Which after held the fun and moon in fee.
Latona's twin-born progenie,

Thenceforth it firmly
Thenceforth it firmly was established: Virg. iii. 77.
Inmotamq; coli dedit. See Spanhem on Callim.
Del. ver. 11. & ver. 273. And for Apollo's
temple highly berried, i. e. and highly honoured
on account of Apollo's temple. Virgil calls
Delos Sacred, iii. 73. and Apollo's city; ver. 79.
See Spanh. in his learned Commentaries on
Callimachus, pag. 321. and pag. 484.

XV.

XV.

She them efpying loud to them can call.] So the two
old quarto editions; but changed into gan by
the following editors.-Prefently after he says,
And running to her boat withouten ore.
From the departing land it launced light.
Phaedria's boat had neither oar nor fail, but
the managed it by the turning of a magical
pin. See B. ii. C. 6. St. 5. departing land is
happily expreffed, for the land feems to depart
from the launched veffel. So above, B. ii.
C. 11. St. 4.

And faft the land behind them fled away.
Arioft. Orl. Furiof. xli. 8. Il lito fugge.
Fuggite fon le terre e i lidi tutti.
Cum fimul ventis properante remo
Prenderint altum, fugietq; litus.

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But th' heedful boteman.] The 1ft quarto reads, th' earnest boteman: but the 2d quarto and the Folios, read as we have printed it: and Taffo xv. 24. the alteration I make no queftion is the poet's own. That th' utmost fandy breach they fhortly fetch. What is made by the breaking in of the fea, they call a Breach: They fetch, they come up to, they arrive at. None of the books read, Beach.

Senec. Troas, 1044.
Qua vehimur navi, fertur, cum ftare videtur ;
Quae manet in ftatione, ea praeter creditur ire:
Et fugere ad puppim colles, campiq; videntur,
Quos agimus præter navim, velifq; volamus.
Lucret. iv. 388.

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The waves come rolling on, the billowes rore
Outrageously.—

Virg. iii. 72. The verfe by this reading, fo very little changed,
has much more ftrength; but the connective
particle debafes it.

This is well tranflated by Mr. Pitt,
Swift from the port our eager courfe we ply,
And lands and towns roll backward as we fly.
And not fo near the original, nor fo poetical,
by Dryden,

We launch our veffels with a profperous wind,
And leave the cities and the fhores behind.
Hence 'tis we fay, The land flies from us;
rifes or opens to us; terra recedit, aperitur, &c.
So Virgil. And Apollon. i. 582. dure Enás.
ver. 600. "Αθω ἀνέτελλε..

Templaq; Tifaeae mergunt obliqua Dianae:
Jam Sciathos fubfedit aquis; jam longa receffit
Sepias: attollit tondentes pabula Magnes
Campus equos..

XVI.

Valer. Flacc. ii. 7.

Them gan to bord and purpofe diverfely.] She merrily began to bord, to jeft with them, and to purpofe to difcourfe with them diverfly.

My wit is great although I borde or play.

XXIII.

Such as dame Nature felf mote feare to fee,
Or fhame-] Such as Nature herself might fear
to fee, or might take fhame to herself that ever
fuch monstrous productions escaped her. Com-
pare Boyardo, Orl. Innam. pag. 143. Berni,
L. ii. C. 13. St. 58, 59. 60. From Boyardo,
Ariofto took what he fays of the Witch Alcina,
Canto 6. St. 36, 37.-'Tis impoffible for the
reader to have any idea of these monftrous ap-
pearances from any other authors, but fuch as
are fond of ftrange and miraculous ftories: in
vain will he look into Oppian, or into his Dic-
tionaries and Lexicons: I have found the books
which Spenfer confulted; which were Olaus
Magnus, and Gefner.

I. Spring-headed hydres. i. e. Hydras with heads
fpringing or budding forth from their bodies.
Gefner, pag. 459.

II. Sea-fhouldring whales: whales that shouldered! Ch. Pardoner's Tale, 2294 on the feas before them.

TIL. Great

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