fubfidies, aids, &c. given and fent in from the munificence, and free gifts of the fubject; and he calls by an easy kind of metonymy that munificence, which was fent in or given by munificence, viz. fubfidies. I cannot think the poet by munificence meant munition, ammunition, or fortifications: but however the reader is to think for himself.

XVII.

Encountred him in batteil well ordain'd.] This is a Latinifm, Praelio bene ordinato: copiis bene ordinatis. The reader may fee this ftory in Jeffry of Monmouth. Milton alludes to it in his Mask and fo does Drayton, Polyolbion,

pag. 90.

XIX.

Pronounce Cairleon as of two fyllables.
XXVI.

Behold the boiling baths at CAIREADON.]
Bladud fucceeded Hudibras, and built Kaer-
badus, now Bath--He studied magic, and at-
tempting to fly to the upper regions of the air,
fell upon the temple of Apollo, and was dashed
to pieces. Jeffry of Monmouth. B. ii. C. 10.
See too the Mirror of Magiftrates, Fol. 30. 2.
where 'tis mentioned that he studied at Athens,
and brought with him from thence fome learned
men, whom he fettled at Stanford, and there
built a college. See Drayton, Polyolbion pag.
112. And the notes of Selden. Our old Cro-
nicler Hardying thus writes of Bladud.
When at Athens he had fludied clere,

The one she slew upon the present floure.] So the Ift He brought with him four philofophers wife,

quarto, but the 2d and folios.

The one she flew in that impatient floure.

How oft that day did fad Brunchildis fee The green field dyde in dolorous vermell? That not fcuith guiridth it mote feeme to bee, But rather y Jeuith gogh, figne of fad crueltee.] Ebrank had twenty fons, and these twenty brothers or germans conquered, and gave name to Germany; and thirty daughters, who went into Italy. His eldeft fon was Brutus furnamed Greenfhield. See Jeff. of Monm. B. ii. C. 8. This Brutus to repair his father's lofs, fought another battle in Henault with Brunchild, at the mouth of the river Scaldis, and encamped on the river Hania. Compare Holinfhed. B. ii. pag. 12. And Milton's hiftory of England. I have two copies of the 1ft quarto edit. printed anno, 1590. In one copy the Welsh words which fignify the green field, and bloody fhield are omitted, and likewife figne of fad crueltee:" in another copy the words are fupplied.

XXV.

And built Cairleil and BUILT Cairleon ftrong.] Leill
the fon of Brute Greenfield being a lover of peace
builded Carleile and REPAIRED Carleon. Stowe
p. 14. and fee Rofs, p. 22. and Holinfhed, p. 12.
fhould we not therefore read,

And built Carleil and REBUILT Cairleon ftrong.
VOL. II.

Schole to hold in Britayn and exercyfe.
Stamforde he made, that Stanforde hight this day,
In which he made an univerfitee.

His philofophers (as Merlyn doth fay)
Had fcholers fele (i. e. many) of great habilitee.
Compare B. iv. C. 11. St. 35.

Ibid.

That to HER people wealth they forth do well.] Forth
do well, i. e. pour forth. Spenfer, among the
Errata, has written their for her.-The old poets
write her, and not their; following the Anglo-S.
hina, hene, illorum. Urry in his edition of
English ber, i. e. their, into ther: and hem into
Chaucer (very unwarrantably) changes the old
them, for which he is cenfured by Dr. Hickes in
his Sax: Gram. p. 29. " Agen: plur: hiɲa et
"heona pervetuftum illud her, quod in antiquis
"autoribus noftris fignificat ut hodiernum their." I
have obferved that in fome paffages in his fhep-
herd's calendar, Spenfer ufes her for their: but
he thought it too antique for his epic poem.
There are other paffages where her is printed for
their, as it feems to me.

And these rich heapes of wealth doeft hide apart,
From the world's eye and from HER right ufance?
B. ii. C. 7. St. 7.

the received reading; which appears not fo
much after Spenfer's manner, as the follow-
ing,

Ab! who can love the worker of their fmart?
Again, B. ii. C. 2. St. 28.

But her two other fifters ftanding by

Her lewd gainfaid, and both HER champions bad
Purfew-

So the 1st edition, but others read, THEIR
champions.

XXIX.

So wedded th' one to Maglan king of Scots,
And th' other to the king of Cambria-
But without dowre the wife Cordelia
Was fent to Aganip of Celtica.] According to Jeff.
of M. the two eldest daughters were married to
the dukes of Cornwal and Albania (i. e. Scot-
land) and the youngeft, Cordeilla, was fent to
Gaul (Celtica) and married to Aganippus.
Compare Holinfhed, p. 13.

XXXIV.

His fon Rivall his dead roome did fupply,
In whofe fad time bloud did from heaven raine.]
Cunedagius was fucceeded by his fon Rivallo
in whofe time it rained blood three days to-
gether. Jeff. of Monm. B. ii. C. 16. Stowe
pag. 15. Holinfhed, p. 14.

Ibid.

THEN his ambitious fonnes-] So the rft quarto, the 2d TILL. the folios, WHEN his ambitious fonnes-The reading in the 2d quarto, TILL feems owing to the word above catching the eye of the printer, TILL far in yeare he grew.

Ibid.

Next great GURGUSTUS, then faire CAECILY,
In conftant peace their kingdoms did containe;
After whom LAGO and Kinmarke did raine,
And Gorbogud-] 'Tis very remarkable to fee
how variously these, and indeed almost all the
proper names, are written in our old British
Chronicle-compilers.
Moft of them write
JAGO inftead of LAGO-The race of Brutus
ended with Ferrex and Porrex.
Here ended Brutus facred progeny,
Which had feven hundred years this fceptre borne ;
According to Jeffry of Monmouth, 650 years:
but poets use round numbers. He fays facred pro-
geny, because defcended from the Trojan kings
and heroes, who claimed kindred with the gods.

This account of Brutus and his facred progeny, is taken chiefly from Jeffry of Monmouth: and as it will be almoft impoffible for the reader to understand many paffages in this episode, without perpetually turning to this author, so I fhall tranfcribe from him what may serve to illuftrate our poet. The whole history of Brutus is treated by fome of our best historians as a meer romantic fable; whilst others vindicate this old tale; and all allow it ferves very well for poetry.-Æneas, after the destruction of Troy, being fettled in Italy, was fucceeded by Afcanius, and he by Sylvius: whose fon, Brutus, having unfortunately flain his father, was banished the kingdom, and retiring into Greece, married Innogen, daughter of king Pandrafus and by him was furnished with a fleet to feek his fortune in a diftant country.Diana in a vifion appears to Brutus, and tells him to seek a western region beyond Gaul, where a new Troy fhould arife. Weftward therefore he fails, and arrived at what is now called Tot

The

nefs in Devonshire. This ifland, then called
Albion, was inhabited by giants, whom he and
his companions flew. The chief refidence of
Brutus was Troja nova, or Troinovant, now
London: where having reigned 24 years, he
divided his kingdom between his three fons ;
Locrine had the middle part, called from him
Loegria; Camber poffeffed Cambria or Wales;
Albanact had Albania, now Scotland.
youngest Albanact was flain by Humber king of
the Huns who enjoyed not long his victory,
being drowned by Locrine and Camber in the
river, which is this day called by his name.
Humber thus deftroyed, left among his fpoils
a fair lady named Effrildis, with whom Locrine
grew enamoured, and refolved to marry, though
contracted to the daughter of Corineus: but his
fear of the power of Corineus overcame his re-
folution fo that he openly marries Guendolen,
the king of Cornwal's daughter, and fecretly
loves Eftrildis, by whom he had a daughter
named Sabra. Mean time Corineus dying,
Locrine was divorced from Guendolen, and
Estrildis made a queen. The noble daughter
of Corineus could not brook to be thus dif-
dained. She haftens into Cornwal, levies an
army, vanquifhes her husband, and drowns
Estrildis with her fair daughter Sabra, in a river
called ever after her name, Severn. Guen-
dolen during her fon Madan's minority took the
government into her own hands. He reigned
in all about 40 years, leaving behind him Mem-
pricius and Malim: Malim was flain by the
treachery of his brother, and Mempricius after

an

an infamous reign was devoured by wolves. His fon Ebraucus falved both their infamies: he was victorious in Gaul; and having returned from thence loaded with spoils he built feveral cities : he had 20 fons, and 30 daughters: his fons, excepting the eldeft, all fettled in Germany, which from these Germans or brothers, received its appellation, Ebraucus pufhing on his conquefts abroad, was flain by Brunchildis, lord of Henault. To him fucceeded Brutus, furnamed Green-fhield, who to repair his father's lofs, fought a second battle in Henault with Brunchild at the mouth of the river Scaldis, and encamped on the river Hania. After him reigned in order, Leil, Rudhuddibras or Hudibras, Bladud, Leir: whose three well-known daughters were married, the eldest to the duke of Albania, the second to the duke of Cornwal, and the youngest to a king in Gaul; who, though most injured by her father, was the moft dutiful: for the reftored him to the crown of Britain, which fhe enjoyed after him; but was deposed by Margannus and Cunedagius, her two fifters fons; and being imprisoned by them, fhe put an end to her life. These two bloody brothers divided the kingdom between them; but fuch kind of fellowship does not laft long. After Cunedagius, reigned Rivallo, in whofe time (fays Jeffry of Monmouth) it reigned blood. Next fucceeded Gurguftus, Sifillius, Lago or Jago, Kinmarchus, Gorbogudo or Gorbodego, who had two fons Ferrex and Porrex: these contended for the crown during their father's life, Porrex drove his brother into France, and afterwards flew him his mother Videna, who loved Ferrex beft, had Porrex afterwards affaffinated. And thus ended the famous line of Brutus, which reigned in this island, according to Jeffry of Monmouth, 650 years, or as Spenfer in a round number says, 700 years.

XXXVII.

Then up arofe a man of matchless might-] Let me defire the reader to ftop a moment, and confider, with what poetical art Spenfer raises the expectation; and how he keeps you in fufpenfe and delay-Then up arofe a man-You know not who this man is; in the next Stanza you hear his atchievements; after that you hear of him as a lawgiver; then to fatisfy your curi ofity, and with the finest pathos he adds, Dunwallo dide. This hero, on whom Spenfer fo finely expatiates, was Dunwallo Molmutius. See Jeff. of Monmouth, B. ii. C. 17. And Drayton's Polyolbion; pag. 113.

XXXVIII.

And Ymmer flew of Logris mifcreate.] i. e. And
flew the mifcreate Ymner king of Loegria. See
note on the introduction to B. ii. St. 3.
XLII.

After him raigned Guitheline his hayre,
The jufteft man and treweft in his daies,
Who had to wife dame MERTIA the fayre-] In
Jeffry of Monmouth B. iii. C. xiii. She is cal-
led Martia. See Drayton's Polyolbion, p. 114.
and Selden's notes.

XLIII.

Her fonne SIFILLUS after her did raigne,
And then Kimarus, and then Danius;
Next whom MORINDUS] Upon the death
of Guithelin the government remained in the
hands of queen Martia and her fon SISILIUS,
then but feven years old; next reigned Kimarus,

to whom fucceeded Danius his brother. He

dying, the Crown came to MORVIDUS, [Mor indus in the Mirror of Magiftrates, fol. 61. and in Drayton's Polyolbion pag. 114.] who had made. an excellent prince, had he not been addicted to cruelty. Jeffry of Monmouth, B. iii. C. 13. and 14. 'Tis with great doubt and difficulty am led to propose any alteration in these proper names, very well knowing what latitude our poet particularly, and all the old poets allowed themselves in fpelling and in altering as they pleased.

I

Her fonne SIFILLUS [SISILIUS] after her did raigne.

In the Mirror of Magiftrates, fol. 59. 2. 'tis written Cicilius. In Stowe, Cicilius, in Holinfhed P. 19. Sicilius.

Ibid.

Against the forreine Morands-] In the reign of Morvidus, whom Spenfer names Morindus, a certain king of the MORINES, i. e. the old inhabitants of the Boulognois in France, landed with an army in Northumberland, but Morvidus marched against him and flew him. Jeff. of M. B. iii. C. 15. Compare Holinfhed, pag. 20. The Morands or Morines, whom Spenfer calls forreign, Virgil calls extremi hominum, Æn. viii. 727. So Pliny, ultimi homiuum exiftimati Morini. meaning that they lived on the utmost boundaries of the Roman government; oppofite to Britain, which was looked on as another world.

flain through the treachery of a Roman named
Levis Hamo disguised as a Briton -
In which the king was by a treachetour
Difguifed flain-

See the Mirrour of Magiftrates, Fol. 87, 88.
How Guiderius king of Britayne, was flain in
battle by a Roman Lælius Hamo. But Arvi-
ragus, his brother, feeing him flain, dreffed
himself in his brother's armour, and thus en-
couraging the Britons, routed the Romans,
and at length flew the treachetour Hamo. Jeff.
of Monm. B. iv. C. 13. Mirrour of Magiftrates,
Fol. 88. The reader may fee that Spenfer
omits Guiderius, and confounds the actions of
Kimbeline with Guiderius.

Soone after this the Romans him warrayd;
For that their tribute he refusd to pay.
For 'twas Guiderius, Cymbeline's fon, that re-
fused to pay tribute; but Cymbeline himself,
or, as others call him, Cuno-belin, king of the
Cattivellauni, kept fair with the Romans, and
freely paid them tribute. He even coined
money, fome of which now remains in the ca-
binets of the curious, with the letters CUNOB
on one fide; on the reverse is seen a man ftamp-
ing money with these letters, TASCIA, by
which antiquarians guess 'twas defigned for the
payment of a tribute. See Cambden's Britannia.
LI.

Both in his arms, and crowne, and by that draught.]
i. e. by thus drawing fupplies to him. The
2d quarto,

Both in arms:

quifition of Lancelot de Lac with the tradition of the HOLY GRAAL about the fix hundred companions and the prince of Media - But I can find no better authority (fays Stillingfleet) for one part than for the other; and for all that I can fee, the HOLY GRAAL deferves as much credit, as the book taken out of Pilat's palace, or Melkinus Avalonius - Helinandus takes notice of the vision t the British Eremit about that time concerning Jofeph of Arimathea, and the difh, wherein our Saviour ate the pallover with his difciples, which fort of dish, he faith, was then called in French GRAAL; but others think the true name of SANGREAL, being fome of CHRIST'S REAL BLOOD, which he shed upon the cross, which was faid to be fomewhere found by king Arthur: and to confirm this, it is faid in the authentic writing of Melkinus, that in the blood and fweat of Jefus the prophet. Spenfer, coffin of Jofeph were two filver veffels filled with the by HOLY GRAAL, plainly means the facred difh wherein our Saviour ate the paffover: this is plain not only from what is cited above from Stillingfleet, but what follows from Menage, GRAAL ou GREAL un vaffeau de terre, une terrine. ce mot vient de grais, parce que ces vaiffeaux font fait de grais cuit. Il y a un Roman ancien, intitulé La CON QUESTE DU SAINGREAL [this romance was borrowed or imitated by the compiler of the History of prince Arthur. See Part iii. Chap. xxxv.] c'est à dire, du S. Vaffeau où eftoit le fang de Jefus Christ, qu'il appelle auffi le SANG REAL, d'eft a dire, le fang royal: et ainfi ces deux chofes font confondues tellement, qu'on ne connoift qu'avec peine quand les anciens Romans qui en parlent fort

omitting his, by an error of the prefs. The Jouvent, entendent le Vasseau ou le Sang.

Folios,

In arms and eke in crown.

LII.

His daughter Genuifa-] Claudius, emperor of Rome, married his daughter Genuiffa to Arviragus. Jeff. of Mon. L. iv. C. xv. See Holinfhed, p. 36.

LIII. Before that day Hither came Jofeph of Arimathy, Who brought with him the holy grail (they fay.)] They fay, i. e. 'tis the general opinion, ita aiunt, Terent. Andr. Act I. Sc. 2. See Donatus : and the ingenious Broukhous: in his notes on Propert. pag. 163.-Stillingfleet in his antiquities of the British churches thinks, with good reason, that this tradition of Jofeph of Arimathea, was an invention of the Monks of Glaffenbury to advance the reputation of their monaftery and in pag. 13. he mentions a book entitled, the Acts of K, Arthur, and the In

LXIII.

The Spoylefull Pits and fwarming Eafterlings.] The Picts came originally (as Jeffry of Monthia, and fettled in the north part of Brimouth, L. iv. C. xvii. writes) from Scytain; where likewife the Huns fettled under their leader Humber, L. ii. C. 1. The Eafterlings or Ofterlinghers, mean the northern nations in general. As to the famous Picts Wall here mentioned, the reader at his leifure may Cambden's Britannia, pag. 1043. and Gordon's confult Jeffry of Monm. L. vi. C. 1. Bede. Itinerarium feptentrionale. Compare B. iv.C.11. St. 36.

LXIV.

Three fonnes be dying left-] Conftantine 2d, of Armorica or Bretagne in France, left three fons, all under age, Conftans, Aurelius Ambrofius, Uther Pendragon. These three fons their tutors,

gathering