replied, I have no orders for doing so.' The ameer smiled, and said he was a mehmoon (guest). When you, Joseph Wolff, made your Salaam before the ameer, the Shekhawl took slightly hold of your shoulders to make you bow down; you submitted with your book in the hand; but when the Shekhawl only touched Colonel Stoddart, he laid his hand on his sword and drew it. Nothing was said to this. The house of Toora, the same house in which you live, was assigned to him as his quarters. When a few days after the Rais (one of the mullahs who watch over the people, and have power to flog any one who does not observe strictly the Muhammedan religion) sent one of his friends to Stoddart and asked him whether he was an Eljee (ambassador) or a Sodagur (mer chant)? Stoddart replied, "Eat Dung!' His imprisonment upon this occasion the Nayeb passed over in silence, and continued, At last, from fear, Stoddart said he would become a Musssulman, and according to the Muhammedan religion, if a person says he will tura Mussulman, he must either do so or die. He became a Mussulman, and a short time after openly avowed again the Christian religion. At last it was agreed that he should write to England to be acknowledged as the accredited agent of Great Britain at the court of Bokhara, and that the king of Bokhara should be acknowledged sovereign of Turkistaun, &c.; and Colonel Stoddart promised that in four months an answer should arrive from the government of England. Though at his (Stoddart's) request, JaparKhanas (post-houses) were established from Bokhara to Sarakhs, which did not exist either at Bokhara or in the land of Turkistaun from the time of Afrasiab, fourteen months elapsed and no answer arrived. "During the time that Colonel Stoddart was at Bokhara, Captain Conolly went from Organtsh (Khiva) to Khokand, where he stopped a considerable time, exciting both countries to wage war against the ameer of Bokhara. He at last arrived at Bokhara, announcing himself as a British agent, without having any letters from the British government; and whatever Colonel Stoddart had agreed to he upset, announcing to the king of Bokhara that the British government would never interfere with the affairs of Turkistaun, and all that Colonel Stoddart had agreed to went for nothing. Thus it was clear that Colonel Stoddart was a liar. During the stay of Conolly and Stoddart they took every opportunity of despatching, in the most stealthy manner, letters to Cabul; and on this account his majesty became displeased, and both Captain Conolly and Colonel Stoddart were brought, with their hands tied, behind the ark (palace of the king), in presence of Makhram Saadat, when Colonel Stoddart and Captain Conolly kissed each other, and Colonel Stoddart said to Saadat, "Tell the ameer that I die a disbeliever in Muhammed, but a believer in Jesus-that I am a Christian, and a Christian I die." And Conolly said, "Stoddart, we shall see each other in Paradise (Behesht), near Jesus." Then Saadat gave the order to cut off, first the head of Stoddart, which was done; in the same manner the head of Conolly was cut off.' "W. I thought strangling was the mode of killing at Bokhara. "N. Strangling was formerly used, but the king of Bokhara said, Strangling gives more pain, and the rascally khan of Khiva strangles people; and therefore, out of mercy, I command the heads of evildoers to be cut off with a common knife.' "Then the Nayeb said to me, 'Have you some request to make?' "W. First of all, I am astonished that his majesty should have thought that the government of England would enter into a correspondence with him as long as Stoddart was a prisoner, and thus forced to write whatever his majesty pleased. Secondly, I am astonished that Colonel Stoddard should have expected that government would, under these circumstances, listen to his proposals. "N. (knocking upon the table on which the breakfast was spread). But JaparKhanas (post-houses) were established on Stoddart's account, which existed not from the time of Afrasiab. "W. Yet he was a prisoner. "N. (again in the same manner). But Japar-Khanas were established on Stoddart's account, which existed not from the time of Afrasiab. " W. Then I have to observe, that the correspondence between England and Persia was carried on for a long_time through the governor-general of India. Now I have been informed that Lord Ellenborough, the present governor-general of India, wrote to his majesty the king of Bokhara. "The Nayeb evidently appeared embarrassed, and said, 'I never saw such a letter from the governor-general;' and then immediately asked me, 'What is to be done?' I saw clearly that there was nothing else to be done but to contrive to get away from Bokhara as soon as possible, and in the best and safest manner I could. I therefore saw clearly, that if I did not hold out some hopes of reconciliation, that I should not be allowed to go back to tell the story, and therefore thought the best way to effect my escape would be to propose to the ameer to send an ambassador with me; for even if he had suffered me to go alone, I had reason to be apprehensive that Dil Assa Khanafraid that I should get him punished for his treachery by the Assaff-ood-Dowlawould murder me on the road to Meshed, and such an ambassador, therefore, would serve me as a protector. I therefore simply told the Nayeb, 'Let the king send with me an ambassador, to apologise in England for his conduct.' This whole conversation, at my proposal, was written down; and the Makhram Kasem, with the Mirza, instantly rode off to the palace, for the king was so impatient to know the result of the conversation, that he actually sent three Makhram on horseback, one after the other, from the palace to the garden of the Nayeb." The principal incidents of the Doctor's progress after his departure from Bokhara -the extravagant terrors which came over him. and his affecting madness to avert suspicion, have already been brought before the readers of the MIRROR. The bible he used as his sword and shield, and sought safety from displaying it on all occasions. On that, in every sense, he mainly depended. He says, in the true spirit of a Christian, "I felt my power was in that book, and that its might would sustain me." The date of the execution of Stoddart and Conolly was, on the authority of the king and the Nayeb, the month of Sarratan 1259-i. e. A.D. July 1843. THE FAMILY BURIAL GROUND. [From the Asiatic Journal.] In his early days, and while speaking with enthusiasm of the solemn glories of Westminster Abbey, Mr. Burke declared that he would rather sleep "in the southern corner of a little country churchyard" than in the tomb of the Capulets; that his dust might mingle with the ashes of his kindred. The family burying ground, he said, had something in it peculiarly soothing and dear. Sad, yet sweet the words that rolled Thou more than Antioch's champion, bright* O wondrous charm of truth and love, * Chrysostom. Fond the thought-and soft the sound; By all remember'd, none forgut:" Vision of hope, and joy, and rest :- As never yet since time began; RUSH THE PALE FAMILY OF MAN. PEACE EDUCATION. Hitherto, the war-spirit has, to a great extent, educated the people. There must be a peace education, if we would succeed in eradicating the love of war, and destroying the disposition to fight. It is more than time that this work was systematically and vigorously commenced. It must begin with the infant. It is needed in all families; for the same tendencies to anger and wrath everywhere appear. It must be carried into all schools; especially into all British and Sunday-schools, where the greatest number of children assemble, and of that class of people from which soldiers are chiefly drawn. It must be followed up by masters and employers, as, during the period of apprenticeship and early labour, the child advances into the youth, and the youth becomes a man. The importance of female influence in forming the character and habits of society must be duly appreciated. The children of the upper classes must be taught to lay aside their mistaken notions of natural superiority, and to feel towards all children of the human family, as brethren; improving the advantages of their more privileged station, to show kindness to others, and to give an example worthy of universal imitation. Teachers of youth, under all circumstances, from the rural village to the learned University, must begin to direct a decided effort against the principles and love of war; its sinfulness must be declared; its horrors exposed; its false and meritricious ornaments stripped off; and its naked deformity revealed. Ministers of religion must no longer be silent; they must pray against war; reiterating the commands of the Saviour, until, by their frequent repetition, men." men begin to feel that something is meant, when Jesus says, "Love your enemies;" "Resist not evil;" "Follow peace with all Christians of every name, in all their various spheres of movement, must join in the effort to disabuse the public mind on the necessity and lawfulness of war; and especially to encourage the young to cultivate peaceful dispositions, and to seek their happiness in love. The full force of Christian motives must be brought to bear upon the earliest developments of human character; it must be shown that "God is love:" that Jesus Christ "hath loved us;" that the Holy Spirit is the spirit of love; that Christianity is a revelation of divine love, claiming obedience upon the principles of love, forming a character whose grand element is love, and preparing its disciples for a world of everlasting love. Personal character must be more carefully watched, that all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil-speaking, be put away, with all malice;" and that "bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, long-suffering, be put on; forbearing one another" in all the walks of life; and "forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any; even as Christ forgave you." Peace can be successfully inculcated only in the spirit of peace; and the practice of it, by others, will correspond to the example of those who assert its claims. The full reign of pacific principle in individuals, will secure its prevalence in families; and the union of these will sanctify the nation; and thus will the doctrines of peace be diffused, and the practice of peace prevail, until the effect shall be "quietness and assurance for ever."-Herald of Peace. The Gatherer. Connor and Good.-Connor is said to have witnessed the execution of Good. When Good fled from Roehampton to Tonbridge, he took the name of Connor. It is not a little remarkable that within so short a period, a man whose real name was that which he had assumed, should suffer on the same gallows on which that culprit died, for a like crime, the murder of a woman. Capital Punishments.-A weekly paper, under the title of The Hangman, began to be published in Boston, in January last. The object is to expose the inexpediency and unscripturalness of capital punishments. Sepoys.-The first battalion of Sepoys ever raised in Bengal was that called the Lal Pultan, or Red Battalion, which distinguished itself in the battle of Plassey and on other great occasions; but in 1764 it mutinied on the pretext of some promises that were made to it having been broken. It was easily reduced to obedience; but Sir Hector Munro, who then commanded Fits Prevented. When the Magdalen in Scotland was established, the first inmates appeared to suffer very much from nervous fits. The friends of the institution in eonsequence resolved on getting Baillie Wood, a magistrate of whom they stood in great awe, to speak to them. They were accordingly one morning brought before him. He took up his glass, and looked through it to the face of the first, and continued looking till she turned away her face. After doing the same to each of the ten, he said, "I know you all; you have been before me as culprits, and here you expect to live in idleness, diverting yourselves with fits. That shall not be permitted. I shall order a cellar under Bedlam to be cleared, and that shall be the residence of the fit-takers." This left a deep impression on their minds, and banished all their nervous fits, every one returning to her former occupation. Patriotic Festival.-In 1790, a series of dinners was commenced at the Crown and Anchor to celebrate the destruction of the Bastille; the stewards on the occasion wore the tri-coloured ribbon, and as an interesting relic, a stone, which had formed part of the demolished prison, was exhibited at the festival. Mr. Herbert, we may announce, has received a commission for the Hall of Poets, in the new Parliamentary buildings. Weber and his Pupil.-The following was the advice given by Weber to a pupil that was leaving him: "Your unsteadiness, your disregard of promises and appointments, have become a bye-word among your friends. It is the proud distinction of a man to be the slave of his word. Do not flatter yourself with the illusion that you may be careless in such matters, and not in things of greater importance. It is little matters that make up the mass of life, and the fearful power of custom will soon prevent the best intentions from being reduced to action." BURSTALL, Printer, 2, Tavistock-street, Strand. HAMMERSMITH CHURCH. This structure was erected in 1630, and consecrated, with the adjoining cemetery, on the 7th of July, 1631, by Archbishop Laud. Dr. Heylin mentions having called on him just as he was about to set out for that purpose, and was invited by the prelate to assist, in the place of one of his chaplains. The approach to the church is by three entrances with iron gates. The north, or principal entrance, is through an avenue of lime-trees, the branches forming a picturesque and natural arch; the churchyard and the walks are kept in excellent order. Until the year 1834, this sacred edifice was considered as the chapel of ease; but in consequence of the ecclesiastical division of the parish from Fulham, which was then made, it has now become the parish church, and will be henceforth considered accordingly. Its length, from east to west, is eighty feet; and its breadth, from the north to NO. 1280. the south transept, is forty-eight feet. The interior comprises a nave, chancel, and aisles, separated by four octagonal stone pillars, cased with wood, which support the galleries. On the front panels of the galleries are recorded, in gilt letters, the numerous parochial benefactions. The church is paved, and well warmed by a fire-stove put up in the year 1816, on which is inscribed "The Rev. T. S. Atwood, minister; W. Marshall, churchwarden." In the year 1825 the church was repaired, the galleries newly painted in imitation of wainscot, the monuments cleaned, and the inscriptions re-cut. In 1827 the Rev. Mr. Atwood gave two chairs, of antique form, for the communion service. In that year the church was broken into through the window near the north door, and robbed of the black cloth hangings and escutcheons which had been put up to the memory of his late royal highness the duke of York. VOL. XLVI. SCENES IN THE UNITED STATES. With a strange avarice for power, the republic once so lavish of professions of moderation has annexed, that is, seized on, Texas. Its contiguity made the step desirable, say Mr. Polk and his associates. The same reason will give them an equally good title to Mexico, as well as to Canada; and indeed it has been already proclaimed by some of the organs of the present government, that they must whip the British out of that continent." Such being the case, numerous as the descriptions we have had of America are, as every new publication adds something to the previous stock of knowledge, a few passages from the travels and geological observations just published by Mr. Lyell will not be out of their place in the MIRROR. 66 On the subject of the celebrated falls of Niagara, he offers some striking observations. He declares it to be his opinion that they were once situated seven miles further north, and have retrograded at the rate of one foot per annum. If this conjecture be well founded, 35,000 years must have elapsed to change their locality; to remove them from the escarpment at Queenston to their present site. He says: "However much we may enlarge our ideas of the time which has elapsed since the Niagara first began to drain the waters of the upper lakes, we have seen that this period was one only of a series, all belonging to the present zoological epoch; or that in which the living testaceous fauna, whether freshwater or marine, had already come into being. If such events can take place while the zoology of the earth remains almost stationary and unaltered, what ages may not be comprehended in those successive tertiary periods during which the Flora and Fauna of the globe have been almost entirely changed. Yet how subordinate a place in the long calendar of geological chronology do the suc cessive tertiary periods themselves occupy! How much more enormous a duration must we assign to many antecedent revolutions of the earth and its inhabitants! No analogy can be found in the natural world to the immense scale of these divisions of past time, unless we contemplate the celestial spaces which have been measured by the astronomer. Some of the nearest of these within the limits of the solar system, as, for example, the orbits of the planets, are reckoned by hundreds of millions of miles, which the imagination in vain endeavours to grasp. Yet one of these spaces, such as the diameter of the earth's orbit, is regarded as a mere unit, a mere infinitesimal fraction of the distance which separates our sun from the nearest star. By pursuing still farther the same investigations, we learn that there are luminous clouds, scarcely distinguishable by the naked eye, but resolvable by the telescope into clusters of stars, which are so much more remote, that the interval between our sun and Sirius may be but a fraction of this larger distance. To regions of space of this higher order in point of magnitude, we may probably compare such an interval of time as that which divides the human epoch from the origin of the coralline limestone over which the Niagara is precipitated at the Falls. Many have been the successive revolutions in organic life, and many the vicissitudes in the physical geography of the globe, and often has sea been converted into land, and land into sea, since that rock was formed. The Alps, the Pyrenees, the Himalaya, have not only begun to exist as lofty mountain chains, but the solid materials of which they are composed have been slowly elaborated beneath the sea within the stupendous interval of ages here alluded to." Passing from the natural history of the country to the manners of the people, we have a very amusing specimen : "I asked the landlord of the inn at Corning, who was very attentive to the guests, to find my coachman. He immediately called out in his bar-room, 'Where is the gentleman that brought this man here?' A few days before, a farmer in New York had styled my wife the woman,' though he called his own daughters ladies, and would, I believe, have freely extended that title to their maid-servant. I was told of a witness in a late trial at Boston, who stated in evidence that while he and another gentleman were shovelling up mud,' &c.; from which it appears that the spirit of social equality has left no other signification to the terms 'gentleman' and 'lady' but that of 'male and female individual."" It is proper to add, startling as this may seem, Mr. Lyell did not find the company of American coachmen, when sitting down to dinner with them in travelling, at all unpleasant; and much of the vulgarity found in America is furnished by persons who have emigrated from England. In London, we have often false alarms of fire; but at Philadelphia they are more frequent, and indeed are something like alarms: "We were five days here, and every night there was an alarm of fire, usually a false one; but the noise of the firemen was tremendous. At the head of the procession came a runner blowing a horn with a deep unearthly sound, next a long team of men (for no horses are employed) drawing a strong rope to which the ponderous engine was attached with a large bell at the top, ringing all the way; next followed a mob, some with torches, others shouting loudly; and before they were half out of |