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ensuing spring it approached the Copper Mine River, which it descended until it fell into the ocean. The expedition proceeded in two canoes to explore the coast eastward from the mouth of the Copper Mine River towards Hudson's Bay; but in consequence of the approach of winter so early as the latter end of August, heavy falls of snow, dense as mist, and an extremely ill-provided wardrobe, the expedition was prevented from accomplishing its design, farther than exploring about 500 miles of the coast which lies to the northeast of the Copper Mine River, and ascertaining, that, so far as the eye could penetrate, the sea which lay before them was quite open, and perfectly free from ice. In forcing their way through the untravelled wilds between the Copper Mine River and the Great Bear Lake, they fell completely short of provisions, and were for many days under the necessity of subsisting upon sea-weeds, and a powder produced from pounding the withered bones of the food which they had already consumed. In this struggle, Mr. Hood, nine Canadians, and an Esquimaux, fell un timely and regretted victims; and had not the survivors, who for several days were driven to the necessity of prolonging a miserable existence by feeding upon the tat tered remnants of their shoes, exerted them selves by a super-human effort to reach the Great Bear Lake, it is probable that they would have all suffered the most appalling martyrdom. Here they found the heads and the bleached bones of the animals that had served them for last winter's provisions, which afforded them the melancholy ingre dients for preserving life till their arrival at a post belonging to the Hudson Bay Company.

There exists at present in the British Isles, 103 canals, the course of which amounts to 2682 miles. One, 61 miles long, belongs to Ireland; five, which form together 150 miles in length, are in Scotland; the others, to the number of 97, intersect England as with a net-work. France, on the contrary, possesses only six canals, the united lengths of which are only 280

miles.

The following very interesting details of the periodical press and public libraries of France afford a view of the state of literature in that country :

The legislation on the press is founded on the decree of the National Convention of July 19, 1793; on the decree of Napoleon of 1st Germinal 13; 5th Feb. and 14th Dec. 1810; 2d Feb. and 21st Oct. 1814; 27th March and 8th Oct. 1819; 17th May and 9th June, 1819; 21st March, 1820; and what has been pre

scribed by the latest enactments, which are of the most arbitrary and degrading character, tending to destroy discussion, and the benefits which might result from a free press.

Public Libraries in Paris.

1. The royal library has above 700,000 printed volumes, and 70,000 manuscripts. 2. The library of Monsieur, 150,000 printed volumes, and 5000 manuscripts. 3. Library of St. Genevieve, 110,000 printed volumes, and 2000 manuscripts. 4. The magazine library, 92,000 printed volumes, and 3000 manuscripts.

5. Library of the city of Paris, 20,000 volumes.

All these are daily open to the public.

Besides these there are, in Paris and the Departments, the following libraries to which access may be obtained; the principal of which are the private libraries of the king in the Tuilleries, Fontainebleau, St. Cloud, Trianon, and Rambouillet; the library of the Legislative Body; of the Council of State (30,000 vols.); of the Institute; of the Invalids (20,000 vols.); of the Court of Cassation, formerly the library of the Advocates and Polytechnic School.

-Under the minister of the Royal Household are 10 libraries, of the Interior, 22-of War, 12-of Justice, 5-of Foreign Affairs, 1-of the Marine, 6—of Finance, 2.

The Chambers of the Peers and the Deputies have each a library; that of the latter contains 30,000 vols.

Among the printing-offices, the Imprimerie Royale claims the first place, on account of its extent and admirable arrangement. It prints the Memoirs of the Institute, and all other works which the king causes to be published, as a recompense or encouragement, gratis.

There are at Paris-79 printing offices, 18 lithographic presses, 38 letter-founders, 616 booksellers, 84 dealers in second-hand books, 201 bookbinders, 16 book-stitchers, 2 book-repairers, 390 copper-plate engravers, 11 wood-cutters, 17 map-engravers, 17 form-cutters, 17 die engravers, 9 music engravers, 127 copper-plate presses, 140 print-sellers, 11 map-sellers, 50 music-sellers, 43 wholesale stationers, 9 pasteboard manufacturers, 6 stained-paper manufacturers, 4 parchment manufacturers, 6 manufacturers of printers' ink, 4 press-makers, 2 joiners for presses, 3 dealers in printing materials.

Daily and other Periodical Publications.

Political Journals, (11.)-Moniteur, Gazette de France, Journal de Paris, Constitutionnel, Journal des Débats, Courier Français, Quotidienne, Journal de Com

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Half Periodical Works, (10.)-L'Ami de la Religion, le Défenseur, Lettres Champenoises, Lettres Normandes, l'Intrépide, l'Observateur, l'Organisateur, le Parachute Monarchique, le Pilote Européen, O Contemporaneo.

Religious Journals, (3.)-Chronique Relig. Archives de Christianisme au 19 Siecle; Annales Protestantes.

Scientific Journals, (9.)—Annales das Sciencias, das Artes, e das Letras; Annales de Chimie et de Physique; Annales des Mines; Annales Encyclopédiques; Annales Françaises des Sciences et des Arts; Bibliothèque Physico-Economique; Bulletin des Sciences; Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts; Journal des Savans.

40,000; Amiens, 40,000.-613 printingoffices; 26 lithographic printing-offices; 5 letter-foundries; 1025 booksellers; 192 paper manufactories.

The waters of the Polar Seas abound with a variety of tints, from a deep blue to an olive-green. This does not depend on the state of the atmosphere, but merely on the quantity of the waters; they appear to be subdivided into spaces or partitions of different shades, wherein the fishermen more frequently find whales than in any other part of the sea. It has long been conceived that the greenish waters derive their colour from the bottom of the sea; but Mr. W. Scoresby, captain of a whaler, and member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, has discovered in these waters, by aid of the microscope, a vast number of spherical globules, semitransparent, accompanied with small fine filaments, loose, not unlike little portions of very fine hair. These globules carry on their surface twelve nebulosities, consisting of brownish points, in alternate pairs of four or six. Mr. Scoresby considers these globules as animals of the Medusa kind. The filamentous or thready substance is composed of parts which, in their greatest dimensions, are about the 1710th part of an inch. When examined with the strongest lens, each filament appears to be a series of moniliform articulations, the number of which in the largest filament is about 300; the diameter is about 17300th part of an inch. These substances were found many times to vary their aspect; and Mr. S. is unable to deterJournals for Arts and Professions, (12.)-mine whether they are living animals, caamong which are, Annales du Musée et de l'Ecole des Beaux Arts; Mémoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle.

Literary Journals, (15.)-Bibliographie de la France; Annales de la Littérature et des Arts; Archives de la Littérature et des Arts; Conservateur Littéraire; Courier des Spectacles, de la Littérature, et des Modes; Galignani's Repertory of English Literature; Hermes Classique; Journal Général de la Littérature de la France; Ditto de la Littérature Etrangère; Journal des Théâtres, de la Littérature, et des Arts; le Lycée François; le Mercure Royal; la Minerve Littéraire; Revue Encyclopédique; Tablettes Universelles.

Journals relative to Law and Jurisprudence, 22.

Medical Journals, 14.

Military Journals, (2.)—Journal Militaire Officiel; Archives Françaises.

Journals for Education, (3.)—Journal d'Education; un Quart d'Heure de Lecture; Journal des Villes et des Campagnes.

Geographical Journals, (2.)-Annales (Nouvelles) des Voyages, de la Géographie, et de l'Histoire; Journal des Voyages, Découvertes, et Navigations Mo.. dernes.

Journals of Fashions, (2.)-Journal des Dames et des Modes; l'Observateur des Modes.

In the Departments, there are Public libraries 25, with above 1,700,000 vols.; of which Troyes has 50,000; Aix, 72,670; Marseilles, 31,500; Dijon, 36,000; Besançon, 53,000; Toulouse, 30,000, and 20,000; Bordeaux, 105,000; Tours, 30,000; Grenoble, 42,000; Arras, 34,000; Strasburg, 51,000; Colmar, 30,000; Lyon, 106,000; Le Maus, 41,000; Versailles

pable of self-motion; but he entertains no doubt of the different tints of the Polar Seas being produced by them. By his calculation, a cubic foot of this water may contain 110,592 globules of the Medusa kind, and a cubic mile about 23,888,000 hundreds of millions. He conceives that these animalcula are the constant food of the scuttle-fish, and other species of the Mollusca kind, which are abundant in the Polar Seas, and which in their turn become the prey of different species of whales.

A Report on the comparative nutritive properties of food was lately presented to the French Minister of the Interior, by Messrs. Percy and Vauquelin. The result was as follows:-In bread, every hundred pounds weight are found to contain eighty pounds of nutritious matter; butcher's meat (averaging the various sorts,) contains only thirty-five pounds in one hundred; French beans (in the grain,) ninety-two in one hundred; broad beans, eighty-nine; peas, ninety-three; lentiles, (a kind of half pea, but little known in

England,) ninety-four pounds in one hundred; greens and turnips (which are the most aqueous of all vegetables used for domestic purposes,) furnish only eight pounds of solid nutritious substance in one hundred; carrots, fourteen pounds; and, what is very remarkable, as being in oppo. sition to the hitherto acknowledged theory, one hundred pounds of potatoes only yield twenty-five pounds of substance valuable as nutrition. One pound of good bread is equal to two pounds and a half, or three pounds of the best potatoes; and seventyfive pounds of bread, and thirty pounds of meat, are equal to three hundred pounds of potatoes; or, to go more into detail, three quarters of a pound of bread and five ounces of meat are equal to three pounds of potatoes; one pound of potatoes is equal to four pounds of cabbage and three of turnips; but one pound of rice, broad beans, or French beans (in grain,) is equal to three pounds of potatoes.

The following description of the cholera morbus, from a foreign journal, condenses what has been written on the subject in different papers, the author occasionally adding an observation or two of his own:-The cholera morbus, continues its dreadful ravages in India. This terrible malady appeared in the Delta of the Ganges, in the month of August, 1817; its first irruption took place at a town called Jessire, about thirty-three leagues north-east of Calcutta. The countries of Hindostan, between the extreme points visited by this pestilence, at the end of thirty-six months after its appearance,

would be found to contain an area of a thousand square leagues. Since that period the theatre of its disasters has been enlarged the number of inhabitants in Madras has been diminished; the villages in the district of Sanpore have lost nearly the whole of their population. Not limited or confined to the Continent, this dangerous disease has appeared in the Island of Java, producing similar effects; and, by maritime communications, has penetrated into the southern provinces of China, and the Archipelago of the Philippines. In spreading to the west, it traversed the Peninsula of India; and, by the month of August, 1818, had reached Bombay. In the month of September, 1821, this contagion had invaded the Province of Guzerat; and, spreading along both banks of the Indus, advanced as far as the Persian Gulf, frequently with fatal effects in its coasts and harbours. At Mascat, the Kent, an English ship, reported the destruction of the crews of almost all the Arab vessels. The disease at times was so active, as to carry off a person in ten minutes. In India the natives have been attacked by it rather than the Europeans; but it has visited some of the English, and there is reason to think that they carried the infection to Port Louis, in the Isle of Mauritius. As that colony had suffered by some contagion of a very dangerous character in 1819, rigorous precautions were adopted to prevent any communication with the infected vessel.

WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

An Essay on the Resurrection of Christ. By the Rev. James Dove, Walworth, London. Second edition.

The Precious Gift; or, the Improvement of Time the Greatest Wisdom; to which is added, the Felicity of True Religion; or, the Warning Voice of Providence to Man; and Specimens of Sacred Poetry, from H. K. White, Robinson, Doddridge, Cowper, Logan, and Watts. Second edition, enlarged, with a neat frontispiece. Price 1s.

A Collection, for the Use of Schools. By the Rev. Andrew Thomson, is in the press, and will be ready for publication early in the month of January.

On the 1st of December will be published, the Loves of the Angels, a Poem. By Thomas Moore.

Mr. Allan Cunningham, author of Sir Marmaduke Maxwell, &c. is preparing for the press, the Adventures of Mark Macrabin, the Cameronian, a work intended to exhibit a faithful picture of the opinions, beliefs, superstitions, poeti. cal enthusiasm, and devotional and national character, of the people of the Scottish Lowlands.

Some Remarks on Southey's Life of Wesley will appear in the course of next month.

The literary world will be favoured in

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Blossoms; by Robert Millhouse, with prefatory remarks on his genius and situation. By the Rev. Luke Booker, LL.D. will speedily be published.

On the 1st of December will be published, embellished with a beautiful engraving of Bonaparte passing the Alps, from the celebrated picture by David, No. 1. of the Napoleon Anecdotes, illustrating the mental energies of the late Emperor of France, and the characters and actions of his cotemporaries.

Shortly will be published, in two volumes octavo, Fifty Lithographic Prints, Illustrative of a Tour in France, Switzerland, and Italy, during the years 1819, 1820, and 1821, from original drawings, taken in Italy, the Alps, and the Pyrenees. By Marianne Colston.

A Series of Portraits of the Kings and

Queens of Great Britain, to be engraved in the chalk manner, by Mr. R. Cooper, from the most authentic originals, are preparing to be published in numbers, each containing four Portraits. Part I. will shortly appear.

Count Las Casas has announced his intention of publishing a work in eight volumes, under the title of Mémorial de St. Hélene, in which every thing is to be recorded that was said or done by Napoleon at St. Helena, during the space of eighteen months.

Five Lectures on the Pretensions and Abuses of the Church of Rome. By the Rev. J. Birt of Manchester.

A quarto Duoglott Bible, English and Welsh. By J. Harris, Swansea.

The Domestic Guide to Literature and the Sciences. By the Rev. H. C. O'Denoghue, A. M.

Dr. Collyer has issued proposals for publishing, by Subscription, Sacred Parodies, adapted to popular airs.

The work of general Cotemporary Biography, which has been several years in preparation, will appear in a few days, under the title of Public Characters of all Nations. It will contain nearly 3000 articles, and 150 engraved portraits, forming three volumes like Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage.

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

RELIGIOUS.

Letters on Faith. 1st, The Nature of Faith. 2d, The Grounds of Faith. 3d, The Effects of Faith. 4th, The reasonableness of Faith in Christ. 5th, The importance of Faith in Christ. 6th, The improvement of the subject, addressed to a Friend; by the Rev. James Dove, Walworth, London, author of an Essay on the Resurrection of Christ, &c. 2d. edit. price 2s. boards.

The Little Stucco Image Merchant, by the Rev. Cæsar Malan, Geneva, translated from the French. Second edit. Price 8d. or 2s. 6d. per Dozen, for distributing.

A Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians; by Martin Luther. To which are now added, the life of the author; and a complete and impartial history of the times in which he lived, by the late Rev. Erasmus Middleton, B. D. Rector of Turvey, Bedfordshire. Price 10s. 6d.

Charles Lorraine, or The Young Soldier; by Mrs. Sherwood, author of Little Henry and his Bearer, &c. &c. with Engravings, 18mo. bds. 1s. 6d.

Eliza, or Traits of Character in Humble Life; by the same Author, with a neat engraving, 18mo. bds. 1s. 6d.

Providence and Grace, an Interesting Narrative; by the same Author, with a plate, 12mo. bds. 2s.

The Veteran Soldier; by the same Author, with a plate, 10d.

The Mountain Cottage; by the same Author, with an engraving, 4d.

The Christian Indian, an interesting Narrative; by the same Author, plate, 6d. Euthanasia, or the State of Man after Death; by the Rev. Luke Booker, LL.D. 12mo. 4s. 6d.

Christian Correspondence, or a Collection of Letters, written by Mrs. Eliza Bennis to the Rev. John Wesley and others, with their Answers, 12mo. 5s.

On the Corruption of Human Nature; a Charge delivered to the Clergy and Archdeaconry of Ely; by the Rev. J. H. Browne, 8vo. 3s.

Asaph, or the Hernhutters; a Rhythmical Sketch of the History of the United Brethren, 3s. 6d.

National Psalmody; a Collection of Tunes, with appropriate Symphonies. Set to a course of Psalms, (N. V.) for the United Church of England and Ireland; by the Rev. J. T. Barrett, M. A. The Music harmonized, arranged, and adapted by B. Jacob, royal 8vo. 1. 1s.

Edmeston's Sacred Lyrics, 12mo. 3d Set, 3s. 6d.

The Christian's Daily Monitor; or Scripture Extracts, with Selections from the best Christian Poets, 3s.

A Funeral Sermon for the late Rev. John Owen; by the Rev. J. Hughes.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Life of Alexander Reid, a Scottish Covenanter, written by himself, and edited by Archibald Prentice, his Great Grandson, 18mo.

Memoirs of the late Mrs. Catharine Cappe; by herself, 8vo. 12s.

The Life of Ali Pacha of Janina, Vizier of Epirus, 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Memoirs of the Mexican Revolution; by William Davis Robinson, 2 vols. 8vo. 24.

Documents relative to the Reception at Edinburgh of the Kings and Queens of Scotland. Collected and arranged by Sir Patrick Walker, 4to. 12s.

The Journal of a Tour through the Netherlands to Paris, in 1821; by the Author of the Magic Lantern, foolscap Svo. 85.

A New Theory of the Heavenly Motions, showing that there are no such Principles as those of Newton, 8vo. 3s.

An Inquiry into the Action of Mercury on the Living Body; by Joseph Swan, 8vo. 1s. 6d.

A Guide to the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire; by John Robinson, D. D. 8vo. 15s.

Letters from America; containing Observations on the Climate and Agriculture of the Western States, &c. &c.; by James Flint, 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Wonders of the Vegetable Kingdom; by the author of Select Female Biography,

12mo. 7s.

Memoirs of the Rev. T. Brand, with his Funeral Sermon by Dr. Annesley; new edit. revised by Rev. W. Chaplin, 2s. 6d.

Original Memorials, or Brief Sketches of Real Character; by the Rev. T. East, Carate of St. James's, Bristol, 4s.

Letter to Sir J. Mackintosh, Knt. MP. Explanatory of the whole Circumstances which led to the Robbery of the Glasgow Sentinel Office-to the Death of Sir Alexander Boswell, Bart.-to the Trial of Mr. James Stuart, Younger of Dunearn-and ultimately to the Animadversions of the Hon. James Abercromby, in the House of Commons, upon the Conduct of the Right Hon. the Lord Advocate, and various Individuals; by Robert Alexander, Editor of the Glasgow Sentinel, 2s. 6d.

OBITUARY, ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS.

Died-On the 17th August, the Rev. George Murray, Minister of North Berwick, Presbytery of Haddington.

On the 5th September, the Rev. James Steele, A.M. Minister of the Presbyterian Church, Kingston, Jamaica.

On the 14th September, the Rev. Arthur Oughterson, Minister of West Kilbride, Presbytery of Irvine, in the 87th year of his age, and 52d of his ministry.

On the 23d September, the Rev. Dr. William Crawford, Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of St. Andrew's.

On the 9th of October, the Rev. John Bennet, Minister of Etterick, Presbytery

of Selkirk.

On the 31st October, the Rev. William Watson, Minister of Biggar, Presbytery of Biggar, in the 73d year of his age, and 35th of his ministry.

VOL. XXI. NO. XI.

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