By it God the Father is made our Father. The incarnate God-man is made our elder brother, and we are made-1. Like Him. 2. Intimately associated with Him in community of life, standing, relations, and privileges. 3. Joint-heirs with Him of His glory (Rom. viii, 17, 29; Heb. ii, 17; iv, 15). The Holy Ghost is our indweller, teacher, guide, advocate, comforter, and sanctifier. All believers, being subjects of the same adoption, are brethren (Eph. iii, 6; 1 John iii, 14; v, 1). A. A. Hodge.

ADOPTION-Spirit of.

Sometimes the soul, because it hath somewhat remaining in it of the principle that it had in its old condition, is put to question, whether it be a child of God or not; and thereupon, as in a thing of the greatest importance, puts in its claim, with all the evidences that it hath to make good its title. The spirit comes and bears witness in this case. It is an allusion to judicial proceedings in point of titles. The judge being set, the person concerned lays his claim, produceth his evidences, and pleads them; his adversaries endeavouring all that in them lies to disannul his plea. In the midst of the trial a person of 1.nown

and approved integrity comes into the court, and gives testimony fully and directly on behalf of the claimer, which stops the mouth of all his adversaries, and fills the man with joy and satisfaction. So is it in this case. its own conscience, is brought before the The soul, by the power of that he is a child of God, that he belongs law of God; there a man puts in his plea, to God's family; and for this end produ ceth all his evidences, everything whereby faith gives him an interest in God. Satan, in the mean time, opposeth with all his might; many flaws are found in his evidences; the truth of them all is questioned, and the soul hangs in suspense as to the issue. In the midst of the contest the Comforter comes, and overpowers the bears down all objections, that his plea is heart with a comfortable persuasion, and good, and that he is a child of God. When title, He comes in and bears witness on our spirits are pleading their right and our side. At the same time enabling us to

put forth acts of filial obedience, crying

Abba, Father” (Gal. iv, 6). Dr. J. Owen.

ADOPTION-The Trinity in.

God the Father adopteth, as the fountain of adoption; God the Son, as the conduit; God the Holy Ghost, as the cistern; faith, as the cock whereby it runs into our hearts. T. Adams.

ADOPTION-What is implied in.

1. Derivation of nature from God (John i, 13; Jam. i, 18; 1 John v, 18).

God, bearing His likeness (Rom. viii, 29; 2. Being born again in the image of 2 Cor. iii, 18; Col. iii, 10; 2 Pet. i, 4).

3. Bearing His name (1 John iii, 1; Rev. ii, 17; iii, 12).

4. Being the objects of His peculiar love (John xvii, 23; Rom. v. 5-8; Titus iii, 4; 1 John iv, 7-11).

5. The indwelling of the Spirit of His Son (Gal. iv, 6); who gives an obedient spirit (1 Pet. i, 14; 2 John, 6), a spirit free from sense of guilt, legal bondage, fear of death (Rom. viii, 15, 21; 2 Cor. iii. 17; Gal. v, 1; Heb. ii, 15; 1 John v, 14); a spirit elevated with a holy boldness and royal dignity (Heb. x, 19, 22; 1 Pet. ii, 9; iv, 14).

6. Present protection, consolations, and abundant provisions (Ps. cxxv, 2; Isa. lxvi, 13; Luke xii. 27-32; John xiv, 18; 1 Cor. iii, 21-23; 2 Cor. i, 4).

7. Present fatherly chastisements for our good, including both spiritual and temporal afflictions (Ps. li, 11, 12; Heb. xii, 5—11).

8. The certain inheritance of the riches of our Father's glory, as heirs with God, and joint-heirs with Christ (Rom. viii, 17; Jam. ii, 5; 1 Pet. i, 4; iii, 7); including

ADOPTION AND JUSTIFICATION.

Justification is the act of God as a Judge, adoption as a Father. By the former we are discharged from condemnation, and accepted as righteous; by the latter we are made the children of God, and jointheirs with Christ. By the one we are taken into God's favour; by the other into His family. Adoption may be looked upon as an appendage to justification, for it is by our being justified that we come to a right to all the honours and privileges of adoption. J. Guyse.

ADVERSITY-Discipline of.

As weeds grow fastest in a fat and rank soil, so our corruptions grow and thrive, and are ready to overrun our souls, when our outward state and condition is most prosperous and successful; and, therefore, God's love and care of us constrain Him sometimes to use severe discipline, to nip those luxuriances, and to cut us short in our temporal enjoyments; which else, He sees, we should only turn into provision for our lusts. Bp. Hopkins. ADVERSITY-No Friends in.

As it is with the deer that is hunted, when the huntsman goes into the park, he rouses the whole herd, and they all run together; but if one be shot, and they see the blood run down, they will soon push him out of their company. Or, as a man being in his travel upon the road, and there being a sun-dial set up in the way, if the sun shine, he will step out of his way to take notice of it; but if the sun do not shine, he will go by a hundred times and never regard it. So let but the sun of prosperity shine upon a man, then who but he? he shall have friends more than a good many; but if a cloudy day come and take away the sunshine, he may easily number his acquaintance. And so when a man goes on in the credit of the world. he shall be welcome into all companies, and much made of by every one; but if he come once to be shot, and disgrace put upon him, then he shall soon perceive a cloud in every man's face, no one so much as regarding him. Spencer.

ADVERSITY-Influence of.

There are minerals called hydrophanous, which are not transparent till they are immersed in water, when they become so; as the hydrophane, a variety of opal. So it is with many a Christian. Till the floods of adversity have been poured over him, his character appears marred and clouded by selfishness and worldly influences. But

ADVERSITY-Others in.

Prof. Hitchcock.

So do the winds and thunder cleanse the air;
So working bees settle and purge the wine;
So lopp'd and pruned trees do flourish;
So doth the fire the drossy gold refine.
E. Spenser

ADVERSITY AND PROSPERITY.

If adversity hath killed his thousands, prosperity hath killed his ten thousands; therefore adversity is to be preferred. The

one deceives, the other instructs; the one miserably happy, the other happily miserable; and therefore many philosophers have voluntarily sought adversity and so much commend it in their precepts. Demetrius, that in his lifetime he had no misfortune. in Seneca, esteemed it a great infelicity Adversity then is not so heavily to be taken,

and we ought not in such cases so much to macerate ourselves. R. Burton.

ADVICE-Moral.

Be

Know thyself. Be contented with thy lot. Trust not wealth, beauty, nor parasites, they will bring thee to destruction. Have peace with all men, war with vice. Be not idle. Look before you leap. ware of Had I wist. Honour thy parents, speak well of friends. Be temperate in four things, lingua, locis, oculis, et poculis. Watch thine eye. Moderate thine expenses. Hear much, speak little, sustine et abstine. If thou seest ought amiss in another, mend it in thyself. Keep thine own counsel, reveal not thy secrets, be silent in thine intentions. Give not ear to

tale-tellers, babblers, be not scurrilous in conversation: jest without bitterness: give no man cause of offence: set thine house

in order take heed of suretyship. Fide et diffide, as a fox on the ice; take heed whom you trust. Live not beyond thy means. Give cheerfully. Pay thy dues willingly. Be not a slave to thy money; omit not occasion, embrace opportunity, lose no time. Be humble to thy superiors, respective to thine equals, affable to all, but not familiar. Flatter no man. Lie not, dissemble not. Keep thy word and promise, be constant in a good resolution. Speak truth. Be not opiniative, maintain no factions. Lay no wagers, make no comparisons. Find no faults, meddle not with other men's matters. Admire not thyself. Be not proud or popular. Insult not. Fortunam reverenter habe. Fear not that which cannot be avoided. Grieve not for that which cannot be recalled. Undervalue not thyself. Accuse no man, com mend no man rashly. Go not to law without great cause. Strive not with a greater

man.

Cast not off an old friend, take heed of a reconciled enemy. If thou come as a guest stay not too long. Be not unthankful. Be meek, merciful, and patient. Do good to all. Be not fond of fair words. Be not a neuter in a faction; moderate thy passions. Think no place without a witness. Admonish thy friend in secret, commend him in public. Keep good company. Love others, to be loved thyself. Ama tanquam osurus. Provide for a tempest. Do not prostitute thy soul for gain. Make not a fool of thyself to make others merry. Marry not an old crony or a fool for money. Be not over solicitous or curious. Seek that which may be found. Seem not greater than thou art. Take thy pleasure soberly. Ocymum ne terito. Live merrily as thou canst. Take heed by other men's examples. Go as thou wouldest be met, sit as thou wouldest be found. Wilt thou live free from fears and cares? Live innocently, keep thyself upright, thou needest no other keeper. R. Burton. AFFECTATION.

doing good well, and good acceptance of what is done. I hold it the part of a wise man, to endeavour rather that fame may follow him than go before him. Bp. Hall.

Affectation is a greater enemy to the face
than smallpox.
St. Evremond.
AFFECTATION IN MINISTERS.

In man or woman, but far most in man,
And most of all in man that ministers
And serves the altar, in my soul I loathe
All affectation; 'tis my perfect scorn;
Object of my implacable disgust.
W. Cowper.

AFFECTATION AND VANITY.

I will not call vanity and affectation twins, because, more properly, vanity is the mother, and affectation is the darling daughter. Vanity is the sin, and affectation is the punishment; the first may be called the root of self-love, the other the fruit. Vanity is never at its full growth till it spreadeth into affectation, and then it is complete.

AFFECTION-Conjugal.

Sir H. Saville.

The man and woman should be made and moved to enter into the married state by the united perception of some excellence, real or supposed, in the person sustaining it; thus determining each to a particular object. A vivid delight would thus be felt by each in the contemplation of the object selected; and, as a consequence, each would desire nothing but good for the other. Now, there is conjugal love, an affection which supposes the existence of some quality or qualities in the beloved object, which, by virtue of the constitution of the mind, are capable of yielding it pleasure. And of this affection marriage is the visible symbol or means of ratification.

Dr. J. Harris.

Cavades, King of the Persians, being deposed and imprisoned by his subjects, his queen, who alone remained attached to him in all his misfortunes, never failed to bring him necessaries with her own hands, though she was not permitted to see him. But observing the keeper of the castle to be affected with her beauty, she soothed him so far as to gain access to her husband, and thereby procured his enlargement : for staying, as she often did, late in the evening, she changed clothes with the king, who by this means was enabled to leave the prison without being discovered. As she pretended to be sick, and not to leave her bed for some days, the cheat was not discovered till Cavades had time enough to make his escape. He fled to the King of the Euthalites, by whose assistance he was restored to his throne and kingdom. L. M. Stretch.

Cyaxares, uncle of Cyrus the Great, having been an eye-witness of the courage, conduct, and many amiable qualities of his nephew, was desirous of giving a signal testimony of the value he had for his merit. Cyaxares had no son, and but one daughter. This favorite princess he offered in marriage to Cyrus, with an assurance of the kingdom of Media for her portion. Cyrus, who loved the princess, had a grateful sense of it; but nevertheless did not think himself at liberty to accept it till he had first obtained the consent of his father and mother: thus leaving a noble example to all future ages of the respectful submission and dependence which all children ought to show their parents on the like occasion, of what age soever they be, or to whatever degree of power and greatness they may have arrived. L. M. Stretch.

Olympias, Alexander's own mother, was of such an unhappy disposition, that he would never let her have any concern in the affairs of the government. She used frequently to make very severe complaints on that account; but he always submitted to her ill humour with great mildness and patience. Antipater, one of his friends, having one day wrote a long letter against her, the king, after reading it, replied, “Antipater does not know that one single tear shed by a mother will obliterate

city was besieged, and at length obliged to Ancient history records that a certain surrender. In the city there were two brothers who had, in some way, obliged the conquering general; and in consequence of this, received permission to leave the city before it was set on fire, taking with them as much of their property as each could carry about his person. Accordingly the two generous youths appeared at the gates of the city, one of them carrying their father, and the other their mother. K. Arvine.

The three sons of an eastern lady were invited to furnish her with an expression of their love, before she went a long jourthe inscription of her name; another preney. One brought a marble tablet, with sented her with a rich garland of fragrant and thus accosted her :-"Mother, I have flowers; the third entered her presence neither marble tablet nor fragrant nosegay, but I have a heart: here your name is engraved, here your memory is precious, and this heart, full of affection, will follow you wherever you travel, and remain with you wherever you repose." K. Arvine. AFFECTION—Filial and Fraternal.

A short time since, just at sunset on a summer's day, I went to the grave of a dear sister of mine. Her two little boys went with me. When we had arrived there, I saw four little rose-bushes standing, two at the head, and two at the foot of the grave, bending over, as if to meet and hang over the grave.

"That is her grave-our mother's grave," said one of the boys.

"And those rose-bushes," said I, as the tears started in my eyes.

"Those," said the eldest, "brother and I and father set soon after she was laid there. Those two at the head she planted in the garden herself, and we took them up and set them there, and call them 'Mother's bushes.'

"And what do you remember about your dear mother, my boys?" "Oh! everything."

"What in particular?"

"Oh this, uncle, that there never was a day since I can remember in which she did not take us to her closet, and pray with us, unless she was sick on the bed!"

Never did that sister seem so dear to me as at that moment; and never did my heart feel so full a hope in the words which were engraved on the tombstone:

"No mortal woes Can reach the peaceful sleeper here, While angels watch her soft repose." Dr. J. Todd.

AFFECTION-Fraternal.

Fraternal affection approaches very nearly to self-love; for there is but a short remove from our own concerns and hap. piness to theirs who came from the same stock, and are partakers of the same blood. Nothing, therefore, can be more unnatural than discord and animosity among members so allied; and nothing so beautiful as harmony and love.

This relation is formed by nature, not by choice; and though it has many things in common, yet it is prior to the obligations of friendship, and the tenderness it inspires continues in the bosom of the just, even after friendship has become extinct; consequently, nature and reason dictate that there should be a peculiar affection between brethren. L. M. Stretch.

Fathers alone a father's heart can know; What secret tides of still enjoyment flow When brothers love: but if their hate succeeds,

They wage the war; but 'tis the father bleeds. Young.

As one of the water-bearers at the foun

tain of the Fauxbourg St. Germain, in Paris, was at his usual labours in August, 1766, he was taken away by a gentleman in a splendid coach, who proved to be his own brother, and who, at the age of three years, had been carried away to India, where he made a considerable fortune. On his return to France he made inquiry respecting his family; and hearing that he had only one brother alive, and that he

was in the humble condition of a waterbearer, he sought him out, embraced him with great affection, and brought him to his house, where he gave him bills for upwards of a thousand crowns per annum. K. Arvine.

AFFECTION-Maternal.

Entering the domestic circle, what marks of benevolent design appear in the arrangement by which the tender remembrances and yearning associations which "accumulate in the maternal mind during the period of gestation, should all be summed up amid the throes of parturition," and go to augment the affection

which she is henceforth to feel to her off

spring; by which the necessary aliment is

secreted in the maternal bosom, and the mouth of the suckling is provided with the means of abstracting and imbibing it; and in that by which the strength of the maternal regard is proportioned to the

helplessness and wants of her child, not waiting for its power of appreciating and returning her affection, but meeting it with caresses in the hour of its weakness and unconsciousness. Dr. J. Harris.

The poor wren,

The most diminutive of birds, will fight, Her young ones in her nest, against the owl. Shakespeare.

A Campanian lady, who was very rich, and still fonder of pomp and show, after having displayed, in a visit she made her diamonds, pearls, and richest jewels, earnestly desired Cornelia the illustrious, mother of the Gracchi, to let her see her jewels also. Cornelia dexterously turned the conversation to another subject, to wait the return of her sons, who were gone to the public schools. When they returned, and entered their mother's apartment, she said to the Campanian lady, pointing to them with her hand, "These are my jewels, and the only or naments I admire." And such ornaments, which are the strength and support of society, add a brighter lustre to the fair than all the jewels of the East.

AFFECTION-Mutual.

L. M. Stretch.

To see a father treating his sons like an

elder brother, and to see sons covet their father's company and conversation, because they think him the wisest and most agreeable man of their acquaintance, is the most amiable picture the eye can behold; it is a transplanted self-love, as sacred as friendship, as pleasurable as love, and as happy as religion can make it.

If every father remembered his own thoughts and inclinations when he was a son, and every son remembered what he expected from his father when he himself was in a state of dependency, this one reflection would keep fathers from being rigid, or sons dissolute. L. M. Stretch.