hath been content to undergo the principal travel and manage of his affairs in his own person."-Memorial for the King's Speech. "A fellow that thinks with his magistrality and goosequill to give laws and manages to crowns and sceptres."Charge Against Talbot.* *"Lorenzo, I commit into your hands The husbandry and manage of my house." "This might have been prevented and made whole, Which now the manage of two kingdoms must -King John, I., 1. ("And put thy fortune to the arbitriment Of bloody strokes, and mortal-staring war." Richard II., V., 3. The expression of a profound philosophy: "It is the wars that are the tribunal seat, where the highest rights and possessions are decided."-Bacon's Device. "Wars (I speak not of ambitious, predatory wars) are suits of appeal to the tribunal of God's justice, where there are no superiors on earth to determine the cause: and they are (as civil pleas are) plaints or defences."— Considerations touching a War with Spain. 66 Strike up -King John, V., 2. "Will you show our title to the crown? Richard III., V., 2. "So is the equal poise of this fell war, -III. Henry VI., II., 5.) "as at that time Through all the signiories it was the first," "This is now, by the providence of God, the fourth time that the line and Kings of England have had dominions and signiories united unto them as patrimonies, and by descent of blood."- Case of the Post-Nati of Scotland. "And as for the Duke of Parma, he was reasonably well tempted to be true to that enterprise, by no less promise than to be made a feudatory or beneficiary king of England, under the signiory (in chief) of the Pope, and the protection of the King of Spain."- Considerations touching a War with Spain. "And Prospero the prime duke," "I have been somebody by your Majesty's singular and undeserved favor: even the prime officer of your kingdom."-Letter to King James. "Your grace being, as it were, the first born or prime man of the King's creatures, must in consequence owe the most to his children and generations: whereof I know your noble heart hath far greater sense than any man's words can infuse into you." Letter of Advice to Buckingham.* "being so reputed In dignity," + *66 King Henry. Have I not made you The prime man of the state?" Henry VIII., III., 2. †The following notes illustrate the intimacy of both thought and vocabulary: "For as the works of wisdom surpass in dignity and power the works of strength."- Wisdom of the Ancients. "I will take it for a good sign that you shall give honor to your dignity, and not your dignity to you."-Letter to Villiers. "And though it must be confessed that the ante-natus and the post-natus are in the same degree in dignities; yet were they "and for the liberal arts,* Without a parallel:"† If we adopt the theory of the critics that Prospero represents the Poet himself, the resemblance is here so striking that we are almost led to venture the further conjecture that the whole play is likewise symbolical upon the broadest lines; the contest between Prospero and his brother typifying the conflict actually waged in the Poet's breast; engendered by the attractions of power on the one hand, and the love of learning on the other, and exemplified in the vicissitudes of his life. Leaving this, however, to the future, and to the exegesis of merciful critics, the following citations are perhaps pertinent never so in abilities. For no man doubts, but the son of an Earl or Baron, born before his creation or call, shall inherit the dignity, as well as the son born after."-Speech Against Motion for Union of Laws. *"In the course of your study and choice of books, you must first seek to have the grounds of learning, which are the liberal arts."--Advice to Rutland, on his Travels. "Of all these arts those which belong to the eye and ear are esteemed the most liberal; for these two senses are the purest; and the sciences thereof are the most learned, as having mathematics like a handmaid in their train. . . . It has been well observed by some that military arts flourish at the birth and rise of States; liberal arts when States are settled and at their height; and voluptuary arts when they are turning to decline and ruin."-De Augmentis, Fourth Book, Chap. II. "For as Statuas and Pictures are dumb histories, so histories are speaking Pictures. Wherein, if my affection be not too great, or my reading too small, I am of this opinion, that if Plutarch were alive to write lives by parallels, it would trouble him for virtue and fortune both to find for her a parallel amongst women."-Letter to the Lord Chancellor, referring to the deceased Queen Elizabeth. "For in Prospero shall we not recognize the Artist himself."-Lowell. "I now come to the Art of Empire or Civil Government, which includes Economics, as a state includes a family. On this subject, as I before said, I have imposed silence on myself, though perhaps I might not be entirely unqualified to handle such topics with some skill and profit, as being one who has had the benefit of long experience, and who, by your Majesty's most gracious favor, without any merit of his own, has risen through so many gradations of office and honor to the highest dignity in the realm and borne the same for four whole years; . . and who also, besides other arts, has spent much time in the study of laws and histories."-De Augmentis, Eighth Book. "Seeing now, most excellent King, that my little bark, such as it is, has sailed round the whole circumference of the old and new world of sciences (with what success and fortune it is for posterity to decide), what remains but that having at length finished my course I should pay my vows."-De Augmentis, Ninth Book, Chap. IX. "those being all my study, The government I cast upon my brother,* "Not however that learning admires or esteems this architecture of fortune otherwise than as an inferior work. For no man's fortune can be an end worthy of the gift of being that has been given him by God; and often the *"If I cast part of my burden, I shall be more strong and delivre to bear the rest."-Note for Interview with the King. "Surely I think no man could ever more truly say of himself with the Psalmist than I can, 'My soul hath been a stranger in her pilgrimage.' So I seem to have my conversation among the ancients more than among those with whom I live, and why should I not likewise converse rather with the absent than the present, and make my friendships by choice and election, rather than suffer them, as the manner is, to be settled by accident?" -Letter to Casaubon. worthiest men abandon their fortunes willingly, that they may have leisure for higher pursuits."-De Augmentis, Eighth Book, Chap. II. 6. · My nature can take no evil ply; but I will, by God's assistance, with this disgrace on my fortune, and yet with that comfort of the good opinion of so many honorable and worthy persons, retire myself, with a couple of men, to Cambridge, and there spend my life in my studies and contemplations without looking back."-Letter to Essex, in 1594. 66 "being transported And rapt in secret studies." Amongst which (if affection for learning transport me not) there is not any more noble or more worthy than the further endowment of the world with sound and fruitful knowledge."-De Augmentis, Second Book, Dedica tion. "Let those who distrust their own powers observe myself, one who have amongst my contemporaries been the most engaged in public business, who are not very strong in health (which causes a great loss of time), and am the first explorer of this course, following the guidance of none, nor even communicating my thoughts to a single individual; yet having once firmly entered in the right way, and submitting the powers of my mind to things, I have somewhat advanced (as I make bold to think) the matter I now treat of.”—Novum Organum, Book I., 113. We now pass, in transition, into the counter realm of statescraft and policy, governed by laws of its own, taught by experience. And here, as by a master hand, the very springs of action are laid bare before us, so that we may even discern the peculiar antithesis inherent in their movement; for as Bacon profoundly observes, in his Essay, Of Empire, "To speak now of the true temper of empire, it is a thing rare and hard to keep; for both temper and distemper consist of contraries; but it is one thing to mingle |