motives of the Indians in beginning the war, their besieging and taking most of our finall fortreffes on the Ohio, with the first expedition against them under col Bouquet, and the defeat he gave them at Bufhy-Run Auguft the fifth, 1763. To the account of the engagement is annexed a plan of the fame. After this introduction we have an hiftorical account of this brave officer's fecond expedition against them in 176, with a plan of the disposition for marching through the enemies country. It was in this expedition that the well known event of delivering up the English prifoners with the Indians took place. This affecting scene is reprefented here in a print, and the conference held previous to it between col. Bouquet and the Indian chiefs, in another executed by Grignion. The English reader will conceive a much more competent idea of thofe tranfactions from prints, than he could poffibly do from words. He will find too in this narrative many inftances of humanity and affection in the savages,, which may touch his heart and excite his admiration. To this account the author has added fome very useful reflections on the conduct of a war with the Indi The füccefs of fuch a war muft undoubtedly be promoted by a proper knowledge of their temper and genius, with which the author has judiciously commenced his reflections. He then gives a general idea of an establishment of light troops, for the fervice of the woods, with their cloathing, arms, and exercise. He very properly recommends the having bloodhounds with the troops, which would indeed war against the favages much more effectually than men. To thefe is added a plan for frontier fettlements and encampment, and fome directions concerning the conftruction of forts in the Indian country, with an account of those already built; and lastly the names of the different Indian nations in North-America, with the number of their fighting men or warriors, which amount to 56,500.

ans.

We think our readers may find in the perufal of this book, matter both of entertainment and instruction.

VIII. The Life of Cardinal Reginald Pole, written originally in Italian, by Lodovico Beccatelli, Archbishop of Ragufa; and now firft tranflated into English. With Notes Critical and Hiftorical. To which is added, an Appendix, fetting forth the Plagiarifms, falfe Tranflations, and falfe Grammar in Thomas Phillips's Hiftory of the Life of Reginald Pole. By the Reverend Benjamin Pye. Svo. Pr. 35. 6d. Bathurst.

TH

THE notes added to this work by the reverend tranflator discover a number of plagiarisms committed by Mr. PhilLips, the author of that hiftory of the life of cardinal Pole.

which we have already reviewed *. From the volume before us it appears, that Mr. Phillips, in compofing his work, tranfcribed his chief materials from the collections of cardinal Quirini, who lately published several volumes in quarto, containing every fragment he could discover of the cardinal's writing, and every particular relating to his perfon. As to the biographical performance of Beccatelli himself, it would not only be feductive, but contemptible, were it not for the excellent notes of the translator. It does not add greatly to the character of Pole's learning or genius, that though he had for his intimates, inftructors, and dependants, the finest writers of that or perhaps any age fince, yet his own compofitions are tame, frothy, miferable performances. As we have in fact exhausted the subject in former reviews, we can only observe, that Dr. Pye agrees much better with the ideas we have endeavoured to impress of the cardinal's morals and character than any of Phillips's other anfwerers. When Beccatelli speaks of Pole's objection to be promoted to the cardinalate, "because fuch a dignity would at this juncture be very unfeasonable, as it would deftroy all his influence in England, where every body would be ready to fufpect he would be too much biaffed to the intereft of the papal fee; befides the manifest ruin it would bring on his own family;" the following reflection of Dr. Pye on this passage is equally accurate and juft.

It is impoffible for any one, who fits down to read C. POLE's life and writings without being poffeffed of that extravagant Ebooμos (which one of his friends remarked in his compofition, Quirini vol. ii. epift. 8.) with which he lived and wrote, to comprehend the meaning of his arguments on almost any fubject, which feem altogether wild and contradictory, and either far beneath, or rather beyond the ufual flight of truth. and foberness. For inftance, Beccatelli here relates. • He objected with great modesty to Paul III's intended promotion of him to the cardinalate, as a very unfeasonable step, and what would destroy all his influence in England." To the parliament of England, who remonftrated with him on his accepting it, he replies, with a warmth of affeveration that shocks one,- Si aliquid in terris præter honorem veftrum, utilitatem veftram me movebat ut acciperem, me non recufare ut a cœlis perpetuò excludar.' Quirini Apol. ad Parl. vol. i. fect. 6.'

It seems Pole was fo earnest with the pope that his holiness gave a furlough, dispensing with his performing immediate duty in his ecclefiaftical corps; but fcarcely had our young recruit

* Vide Vol. xvii. p. 413 & feq.

taken

taken leave of his generaliffimo, than the latter changed his mind and fent Durante, one of his aid de camps, with positive orders for him to mount guard immediately. There is some humour in the manner in which Beccatelli relates this incident, and a Hogarth could have made a moft excellent picture of it.

'I happened to be with R. Pole when Durante brought the meffage, and the barber with him who was to officiate on this occafion. The good man, little expecting fuch a fummons, was the more confused when he heard it, and discovered great tokens of concern in his countenance; but as the time was fhort, and there was no room for farther remonftrance, as a fbeep before his fbearer, &c. he refigned himself; and on the zzd of December MDXXXVI he was proclaimed Cardinal with eleven more, among whom were the archbishop of Siponto, the lords bifhops Chieti, Sadoleti, Carpi, and others.'

The great motive of Pole's fudden exaltation was, that he might be immediately fent to the coafts of France and Flanders, to keep up the spirit of the popish party in England. He accordingly fet out upon this laudable miffion, which was, in plain English, neither more nor less than fomenting a spirit of rebellion in England against its lawful prince; and the French king, after receiving the cardinal very politely, ordered him immediately to leave his dominions at the request of Henry VIII.

• This application, fays our tranflator, of Henry VIII. to the king of France to deliver Pole into his ambassador's hands, was refented by the cardinal as a great indignity. Pope Leo X. thought it no injuftice to make the like request to the elector of Saxony not twenty years before, to put Luther into the hands of his legate Cajetan. Was the reformer Luther amenable to the court of the Rota for preaching treafon against indulgencies? and the traitor-cardinal privileged againft every jurifdiction, though he fent a libel to his king, an infolent remonftrance to the legislature, and came down on the frontiers of his country to encourage infurrections against the government?'

We cannot clearly discern the tendency of this note, unless the translator supposes Henry VIII. as pope of England, to have had as much power over Henry II. as king of France, as pope Leo the Xth. thought himself to have over the elector of Saxony, who had not then made any formal feparation from the church of Rome. Every reader of any learning knows that the popes of Rome to this day claim a fupreme authority in matters of religion over the fubjects of the princes in their communion.

We own ourselves as little edified by the following note upon the order fent by Francis to Pole, commanding the latter to depart from his dominions.

• This

This unfuccefsful miffion of the poor cardinal's on his first launching into the political world, fhewed the formidable dignity of the Englifh king in the principal court of Europe, and the contemptible infignificancy of a popifh legate (even when the triple crown had loft lefs of its splendour than it has fince) though invested with all the power and parade of his master. The mortification he felt on the cavalier treatment he met with at the court of France, breaks out in his letter of complaint to the pope's nuncio at Paris foon after he had left that city; in the whole of which there is more anger and less modefty than C. Quirini or Phillips will allow.

Non poffum non maxime obftupefcere tantâ regis chriftianiffimi patientiâ, qui vel eos qui id petièrent audire poffet, vel tam turpi poftulatione majeftatem fuam contemni, non ægrius ferret.' Quirini, vol. ii. ep. 17.

"Whoever reads this whole letter will laugh at all T. Phillips's endeavours to foften the cardinal's diftrefs and palliate his behaviour, as idle and ridiculous.'

Had Dr. Pye read the whole of this paffage with ideas lefs' confined to the fubject of his animadverfion, so narrow an obfervation never could have fallen from his pen. We cannot help lamenting that all the proteftant divines who have entered the lifts against Mr. Phillips, contemptible as his performance is; are too circumfcribed in their notions of general policy. The hiftory of almost every petty ftaté in Europe, for centuries before that period, furnishes us with far ftronger proofs of disrespect to the papal authority than any mentioned here. Neither Francis, Charles, nor any power in Europe, at that time, confidered the pope in any other light than as a temporal prince, without the smallest idea of his spiritual jurifdiction in civil or political matters. We are not even afraid to affert, that Francis in his behaviour to Pole on that occafion acted a mean cowardly part; and we believe, that if he had been as much afraid of the dey of Tripoli as he was of the king of England, he would have fhewn the fame complaifance to the turban as he did to the crown. In short, however we may laugh at Mr. Phillips, we cannot help condoling with the cardinal, and agreeing with him that the requeft made by Henry to drive. the cardinal from his court was an affront to the majesty of an independent prince.

If Dr. Pye has examined the coinpofitions of Béccatelli and Phillips with the accuracy he has difcovered in this perfor mance, merely to prove that Pole was both a weak and a wicked man, we think his labour has been mifapplied. The hiftory of his negociations abroad prove him to be the firft, and his administration in England convinces us he was the latter, fo

that

that our ingenious translator, editor, and annotator, has, in fact, done no more than "broken a butterfly upon a wheel." We can by no means conceive how the virtues or the vices of cardinal Pole can intereft a divine of the church of England in the difquifition of either; and we are forry to obferve, that Phillips' work has acquired reputation folely by the pains that have been taken to answer it. We were early in proclaiming to the world the nothingness of his performance, and it is with concern we see our endeavours partly fruftrated by the zeal of gentlemen who must have a contemptible opinion, indeed, of the difpenfers of the good things of the church, if they think they can recommend themselves to preferment by publishing anfwers to this infignificant compilement (which is fcarce worthy to come into competition with a school boy's holiday exercife) be they ever fo well executed.

Dr. Pye has given us fome very pertinent notes upon Pole's conduct when he was disappointed of the popedom. But is that a matter at this day interesting to an English reader? or what merit can our reverend tranflator plead in being able to confute the blunders and abfurdities of Pole, Beccatelli, Quirini, and Phillips?—a task proper for the mere tyros of literature! Our author very charitably obferves, that the imputation of Pole's having a natural daughter "is not mentioned by the author of the Conclave de Pontifici, though his herefy, his too early ambition, and his flavish attachment 10 ̊the emperor, are much infifted on." Now with us it is a question, whether the author of the Conclave de Pontifici ever entertained an idea, that a cardinat having a natural daughter was any disqualification for his being elected pope? The reproach, fays Beccatelli, of his having a daughter will be confuted by the fact itself, without any endeavours of his own to set it right, fince the first inventors of that calumny had made it their business to inquire, who that young perfon was whom the cardinal had fent to be educated in the nunnery, and had found to their difappointment, that he was an unhappy orphan, the daughter of an English lady deceafed, whom the cardinal had taken under his protection to fave her from being abandoned; nay more, he had given orders for the depositing of a hundred crowns, in a bank eftablished for fuch charities, for her ufe, over and above what her mother had left behind her; that the capital and accumulating interest might hereafter be a fufficient portion for her in marriage: this was one of his filent acts of beneficence, which he performed without founding his own praises.'

* See vol. xvii. p. 424.

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VOL. XXI. April, 1766.

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Our