17. dight, prepared.

32. Weder leeds, Goth people.

34. sarks, shirts of mail.

b. 3. eorls, noble freemen. The word indicates nobility in general rather than definite rank. 28. Ecgtheow, see genealogical tables above. 31. worshipful man, man of dignity.

33. son of Healfdene, Hrothgar.

50. seethings, boilings.

51. tholeth, suffers, endures.

971. a. 12. Wedermark, the home of Beowulf's people in southern Sweden.

21. farrow, pig, boar,- referring to the ornament on the helmet.

24. hall structure, Heorot.

b. 2. damasked, ornamented with patterns. 11. leed of the Wederas, Beowulf.

20. Wendlas, perhaps Vandals.

29. Brondings, the people of Unferth.

31. Beanstan's son, Breca.

32. soothly, truly.

974. a. 4. body-sark, coat of mail. 11. hand-bill, sword.

34. quietus, final settlement, death. 52. Finns, whom we call Laplanders.

b. 3. dree, suffer.

11. grisly, horrible.

25. dispenser of wealth, Hrothgar.

37. sovereign of the East-Danes, Hrothgar.

41. Helming princess. The Helmings were the tribe to which Wealhtheow belonged.

976. b. 24. weened, thought.

32. eldritch, hideous, ghastly, weird.

37. main, strength.

51. heirloom, i.e. sword.

977. a. 15. warlock, monster.

b. 3. mere, water, lake.

10. Hela, goddess of the realm of the dead. 12. bachelor, young warrior.

14. jennets, small horses.

978. a. 11. Heremod, a Danish king, who is here cited as a stock example of a bad king, a burden to his people.

13. Eotens, may be the name of a human enemy, or, more probably, mere giant monsters.

33. varlet, candidate for knighthood.

49. staple, perhaps a platform outside the hall.

b. 7. bogles, hobgoblins.

9. erewhile, formerly.

55. son of Ecglaf, Unferth.

979. a. 46. Hrothulf, probably the son of Hrothgar's brother Halga. See the genealogical table. b. 20. Ingwines, a name of the Danes. 49. brooks, enjoys, experiences.

57. The somewhat obscure lay of Finn is here omitted.

980. a. 19. lady of the Scyldings, Wealhtheow. 41. Hrethric and Hrothmund, see genealogical table.

56. carcanets, circlets of gold and jewels.

b. 3. necklace of the Brisings, originally the famous necklace of the goddess Freyja.

7. grandson of Swerting, see genealogical table. 11. feud with the Frisians. A reference to the raid of Hygelac into the territory of the Frisians about 512 A. D. Hygelac was killed in this expedition. See p. 967.

24. Brook, use, enjoy, wear.

28. these boys, Wealhtheow's sons, Hrethric and Hrothmund.

48. damasked, ornamented with patterns. 984. a. 30. carline, old woman.

46. damascened, ornamented with patterns.
b. 34. eotenish, fit for an eoten, or giant.
41. Fetelhilt, chain-hilt,' i.e. the sword.
46. bill, sword.

985. a. 34. gold-friend, Hrothgar.

986. a. 42. Scania, used as the name of the Danish kingdom.

b. 16. Heremod, a Danish king, stock example of a bad ruler.

17. descendants of Ecgwela, the Danes. Nothing is known of Ecgwela.

53. carking, vexatious.

987. a. 43. eftsoons, very soon.

47. eld, old-age.

b. 12. settle, seat.

988. a. 22. whilom, formerly.

32. Hrethric, elder son of Hrothgar. 45. Hrethel, see genealogical table.

b. 5. gannet, a water bird.

31. gold-bedight, adorned with gold. 47. bachelors, young knights.

989. a. 23. hithe-warden, guard of the harbor.

40. Consequently, etc. The passage omitted from the present text contains as its chief item Beowulf's account to Hygelac of his encounter with Grendel and with Grendel's mother. At the end of the omitted passage we are informed of the death of Hygelac.

43. ethel-warden, prince.

b. 54. intayled, engraved, cut in. 990. b. 19. fire-gleeds, fire-flames.

991. a. 27. Beowulf uttered, etc. The omitted passage contains an account of certain of Beowulf's former achievements.

b. 14. burn, streamlet.

18. prince of the Storm-Goths, Beowulf. 39. hoised, raised.

992. a. 33. Scylfings, the reigning Swedish dynasty. 39. Wagmundings, the family to which Beowulf and Wiglaf belonged.

b. 15. mead, a strong fermented drink, con taining honey.

30. our liege lord behooves, is needful to our liege lord.

37. Me thinketh it, it seems to me. 993. a. 11. gleeds, flames.

994. b. 26. brook, use, wear.

995. b. 12. escheat, revert to former owners.

51. Hugas, a name for the Franks.

53. Hetware, the tribe against whom Hygelac made the raid in which he was killed. See p. 967, Introduction.

996. a. 3. the Merwing, i.e., the Frankish king.

8. Ongentheow slew Hathcyn, etc. 'Onela and Ohthere are sons of Ongentheow, and often raid Geatland [i.e. the land of Hygelac and Beowulf];

Hæthcyn replies with a raid on Swedish soil. He seizes Ongentheow's queen. But the old king follows the foe, defeats him, and kills Hæthcyn, whose men are in desperate case, surrounded by enemies in Ravenswood. But now comes Hygelac with another Geatish army defeats the Swedes, whose queen again is captured, and besieges Ongentheow in his citadel. Ongentheow is finally killed by Eofor, whose brother Wulf has been disabled in fierce fight with the desperate old hero. Eofor is then married to Hygelac's daughter.' (Gummere.) See genealogical tables above.

10. Scylfings, Swedes.

b. 25. Hygelac's valiant thane, Eofor. 53. bestowed upon Eofor his only daughter. See genealogical table above.

998. a. 29. ruck, mess, clutter.

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT The translation is that of Miss Jessie L. Weston. 1000. a. 12. Romulus. According to Roman tradition, Romulus founded Rome in 753 B. C.

14. Ticius. The person intended cannot be identified with certainty.

568,

15. Langobard. The Germans who, in founded the kingdom of Lombardy in Northern Italy were called in Latin, Langobardi.

16. Felix Brutus, Brutus, the great-grandson of Eneas, the fabled founder of the kingdom of Britain. The name Felix may be the invention of the writer.

31. Camelot, a legendary spot in England where Arthur is said to have held his court.

b. 3. carols, dances accompanied by song. 33. Tars, a name of uncertain identification. This place is often mentioned in medieval literature as famous for silks and tapestries.

1001. a. 28. Agravain à la dure main, Agravain of the hard hand.

b. 19. gauds, ornaments.

51. hauberk, a part of the armor intended orig. inally for the protection of the neck and shoulders. 52. gorget, a piece of armor protecting the throat.

1002. a. 20. mustered, surveyed.

38. doubt, fear.

1003. b. 3. redest, understandest or, perhaps, ad-
visest.

1004. b. 6. dossal, a hanging of rich, heavy cloth,
against the wall.

1005. a. 8. Michaelmas, Sept. 29.

11. All Hallows Day, Nov. 1.
57. cuisses, armor for the thighs.
b. 1. byrnie, coat of mail.

7. surcoat, an outer garment.
9. bawdrick, a kind of belt.

32. ventail, a movable piece of armor extending
downward from the front of the helmet.

35. turtle, turtle-dove.

43. pentangle, a heraldic device with five cor-

ners.

1006. a. 54. Logres, here used as a name for Eng.
land in general.

b. 3. Anglesey, an island of the northwest
coast of Wales.

4. foreland, headland.

5. Holyhead, a small island west of Anglesey.
6. wilderness of Wirral, in Cheshire.

1007. a. 12. matins, the first of the series of eight
daily devotional offices called collectively the Canon-
ical Office.

31. Saint Julian. This saint was noted for hos-
pitality.

34. hostel, lodging.

46. corbels, ornamental brackets for supporting
moldings.

49. barbican, an outwork of a castle or fortified
place.

1008. a. 24. samite, a heavy silk material.

39. sodden, boiled.

57. keep, a stronghold.

b. 22. evensong, vespers.

1009. a. 45. in his degree, according to his rank. .
b. 3. Saint John's Day, Dec. 27.

23. behest, command, request.

38. wend, go.

1010. a. 17. solace, pleasure.

27. waked, kept awake, sat up.
1011. a. 46. rede, advise.

1012. a. 49. tale, number, sum.

1014. b. 52. prime, probably about 9 o'clock.
1015. a. 29. spinney, a clump of trees or shrubs.
1016. a. 24. marks. A mark was reckoned at ap-
proximately 13 shillings.

b. 37. assoiled, absolved, shrived.

1017. b. 11. deal the doom of my weird, to suffer
the judgment of my fate.

1018. a. 13. did on, put on.

15. cognizance, the crest by which a man in com-
plete armor could be recognized.
1019. a. 26. let, detain, hinder.