From a painting at Pembroke College, Oxford, reproduced by the kind permission of the Master and Fellows REV. WILLIAM ADAMS, D.D. (b. 1706 (?), d. 1789) He was appointed Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1723, and although only two years Johnson's senior, he was his tutor. Adams served as a curate and rector in Shropshire and Shrewsbury, became a D.D. in 1756 and Master of Pembroke in 1775. He was the author of an answer to Hume's " Essay on Miracles," but he is now chiefly remembered as Johnson's friend. with quotation. But there is a great spirit and great power in what Burton says, when he writes from his own mind." Next morning we visited Dr. Wetherell, Master of University College, with whom Dr. Johnson conferred on the most advantageous mode of disposing of the books printed at the Clarendon Press, on which subject his letter has been inserted in a former page. I often had occasion to remark, Johnson loved business, loved to have his wisdom actually operate on real life. Dr. Wetherell and I talked of him without reserve in his own presence. WETHERELL : "I would have given him a hundred guineas if he would have written a preface to his ' Political Tracts,' by way of a Discourse on the British Constitution." BOSWELL: "Dr. Johnson, though in his writings, and upon all occasions, a great friend to the Constitution both in Church and State, has never written expressly in support of either. There is really a claim upon him for both. I am sure he could give a volume of no great bulk upon each, which would comprise all the substance, and with his spirit would effectually maintain them. He should erect a fort on the confines of each." I could perceive that he was displeased with this dialogue. He burst out, "Why should I be always writing?" I hoped he was conscious that the debt was just, and meant to discharge it, though he disliked being dunned. We then went to Pembroke College, and waited on his old friend Dr. Adams, the Master of it, whom I found to be a most polite, pleasing, communicative man. Before his advancement to the headship of his college, I had intended to go and visit him at Shrewsbury, where he was rector of St. Chad's, in order to get from him what particulars he could recollect of Johnson's academical life. He now obligingly gave me part of that authentic information which, with what I afterwards owed to his kindness, will be found incorporated in its proper place in this work. Dr. Adams had distinguished himself by an able answer to David Hume's "Essay on Miracles." He told me he had once dined in company with Hume in London that Hume shook hands with him, and said, " You have treated me much better than I deserve"; and that they exchanged visits. I took the liberty to object to treating an infidel writer with smooth civility. Where there is a controversy concerning a passage in a classic author, or concerning a question in antiquities, or any other subject in which human happiness is not deeply interested, a man may treat his antagonist with politeness and even respect. But where the controversy is concerning the truth of religion, it is of such vast importance to him who maintains it, to obtain the victory, that the person of an opponent ought not to be spared. If a man firmly believes that religion is an invaluable treasure, he will consider a writer who endeavours to deprive mankind of it as a robber; he will look upon him as odious, though the infidel might think himself in the right. A robber who reasons as the gang do in the "Beggar's Opera," who call themselves practical philosophers, and may have as much sincerity as pernicious speculative philosophers, is not the less an object of just indignation. An abandoned profligate may think that it is not wrong to debauch my wife; but shall I, therefore, not detest him? and if I catch him in making an attempt, shall I treat him with politeness? No, I will kick him downstairs, or run him through the body; that is, if I really love my wife, or have a true rational notion of honour. An infidel then shall not be treated handsomely by a Christian, merely because he endeavours to rob with ingenuity. I do declare, however, that I am exceedingly unwilling to be provoked to anger, and could I be persuaded that truth would not suffer from a cool moderation in its defenders, I should wish to preserve good humour, at least, in every controversy; nor, indeed, do I see why a man should lose his temper, Etat. 67] DR. WILLIAM ADAMS 581 while he does all he can to refute an opponent. I think ridicule may be fairly used against an infidel; for instance, if he be an ugly fellow, and yet absurdly vain of his person, we may contrast his appearance with Cicero's beautiful image of Virtue, could she be seen. Johnson coin cided with me and said, "When a man voluntarily engages in an important controversy, he is to do all he can to lessen his antagonist, because authority from personal respect has much weight with most people, and often more than reasoning. If my antagonist writes bad language, though that may not be essential to the question, I will attack him for his bad language. ADAMS: "You would not jostle a chimney-sweeper." JOHNSON: "Yes, Sir, if it were necessary to jostle him down." Dr. Adams told us that in some of the Colleges at Oxford the Fellows had excluded the students from social intercourse with them in the common room. JOHNSON : 66 They are in the right, Sir: there can be no real conversation, no fair exertion of mind amongst them, if the young men are by; for a man who has a character does not choose to stake it in their presence." BOSWELL: "But, Sir, may there not be very good conversation without a contest for superiority?" JOHNSON: "No animated conversation, Sir, for it cannot be but one or other will come off superior. I do not mean that the victor must have the better of the argument, for he may take the weak side; but his superiority of parts and knowledge will necessarily appear and he to whom he thus shows himself superior is lessened in the eyes of the young men. You know it was said, ' Mallem cum Scaligero errare quam cum Clavio recte sapere.' In the same manner take Bentley's and Jason de Nores' Comments upon Horace,' you will admire Bentley more when wrong, than Jason when right." From an engraving by J. Heath after a painting by the Rev. S. Oliver DR. GEORGE HORNE, (b. 1730, d. 1792) President of Magdalen College, Oxford, and afterwards successively Dean of Canterbury and Bishop of Norwich. 6 We walked with Dr. Adams into the Master's garden, and into the common room. JOHNSON (after a reverie of meditation): "Ay! here I used to play at draughts with Phil. Jones and Fludyer. Jones loved beer, and did not get very forward in the Church. Fludyer turned out a scoundrel, a Whig, and said he was ashamed of having been bred at Oxford. He had a living at Putney, and got under the eye of some retainers to the Court at that time, and so became a violent Whig but he had been a scoundrel all along, to be sure." BOSWELL: "Was he a scoundrel, Sir, in any other way than that of being a political scoundrel? Did he cheat at draughts?" JOHNSON: "Sir, we never played for money." He then carried me to visit a Dr. Bentham, Canon of Christ Church, and Divinity professor, with whose learned and lively conversation we were much pleased. He gave us an invitation to dinner, which Dr. Johnson told me was a high honour. "Sir, it is a great thing to dine with the Canons of Christ Church." We could not accept his invitation, as we were engaged to dine at University College. We had an excellent dinner there, with the Masters and Fellows, it being St. Cuthbert's day, which is kept by them as a festival, as he was a saint of Durham, with which this college is much connected. We drank tea with Dr. Horne, late President of Magdalen College, and Bishop of Norwich, of whose abilities, in different respects, the public has had eminent proofs, and the esteem annexed to whose character was increased by knowing him personally. He had talked of publishing an edition of Walton's "Lives," but had laid aside that design, upon Dr. Johnson's telling him, from mistake, that Lord Hailes intended to do it. I had wished to negotiate between Lord Hailes and him, that one or other should perform so good a work. JOHNSON: "In order to do it well, it will be necessary to collect all the editions of Walton's' Lives.' By way of adapting the book to the taste of the present age, they have, in a late edition, left out a vision which he relates Dr. Donne had, but it should be restored; and there should be a critical catalogue given of the works of the different persons whose lives were written by Walton, and therefore their works must be carefully read by the editor." We then went to Trinity College, where he introduced me to Mr. Thomas Warton, with whom we passed a part of the evening. We talked of biography.-JOHNSON : "It is rarely well executed. They only who live with a man can write his life with any genuine exactness and discrimination; and few people who have lived with a man know what to remark about him. The chaplain of a late Bishop, whom I was to assist in writing some memoirs of his Lordship, could tell me scarcely anything." * I said Mr. Robert Dodsley's life should be written, as he had been so much. connected with the wits of his time, and by his literary merit had raised himself from the station of a footman. Mr. Warton said he had published a little volume under the title of "The Muse in Livery." JOHNSON: "I doubt whether Dodsley's brother† would thank a man who should write his life; yet Dodsley himself was not unwilling that his original low condition should be recollected. When Lord Lyttelton's Dialogues of the Dead' came out, one of which is between Apicius, an ancient epicure, and Dartineuf,‡ a modern epicure, Dodsley said to me, I knew Dartineuf well, for I was once his footman.' Biography led us to speak of Dr. John Campbell, who had written a considerable part of the "Biographia Britannica." Johnson, though he valued him highly, was of opinion that there was not so much in his great work, "A Political Survey of Great * It has been mentioned to me by an accurate English friend that Dr. Johnson could never have used the phrase almost nothing,a s not being English; and therefore I have put another in its place. At the same time I am not quite convinced it is not good English. For the best writers use this phrase little or nothing"; i.e., almost so little as to be nothing. 66 He was buried in St. James's, † [James Dodsley (1723-1797), many years a bookseller in Pall Mall. Piccadilly, where there is a tablet erected to his memory.-P. Cunningham.] [His proper name was Charles Dartiquenave (pronounced and commonly written Dartineuf), a celebrated epicure, also a man of wit, pleasure, and political importance at the beginning of the eighteenth century-the associate of Swift, Pope, Addison, and Steele a contributor to the Tatler, and a member of the Kit Cat Club, of which collection his portrait is one of the best. He was paymaster of the Board of Works and Surveyor of the Royal Gardens and died in 1737. It was suspected that he was a natural son of Charles II by a foreign lady.-Croker.] Etat. 67] SIR RICHARD STEELE 583 Britain," as the world had been taught to expect; * and had said to me that he believed Campbell's disappointment on account of the bad success of that work had killed him. He this evening observed of it, "That work was his death." Mr. Warton, not adverting to his meaning, answered, "I believe so; from the great attention he bestowed on it." JOHNSON: "Nay, Sir, he died of want of attention, if he died at all by that book." We talked of a work much in vogue at that time, written in a very mellifluous style, but which, under pretext of another subject, contained much artful infidelity.† I said it was not fair to attack us unexpectedly; he should have warned us of our danger, before we entered his garden of flowery eloquence, by advertising, "Spring guns and men traps set here." The author had been an Oxonian, and was remembered there for having " turned Papist." I observed that as he had changed several times-from the Church of England to the Church of Rome-from the Church of Rome to infidelity-I did not despair yet of seeing him a Methodist preacher. JOHNSON (laughing): "It is said that his range has been more extensive, and that he has once been Mahometan. However, now that he has published his infidelity, he will probably persist in it." BOSWELL: "I am not quite sure of that, Sir." I mentioned Sir Richard Steele having published his "Christian Hero," with the avowed purpose of obliging himself to lead a religious life; yet, that his conduct was by no means strictly suitable. JOHNSON: Steele, I believe, practised the lighter vices." Mr. Warton being engaged, could not sup with us at our inn; we had therefore another evening by ourselves. I asked Johnson whether a man's being forward to make himself known to eminent people, and seeing as much of life, and getting as much information as he could in every way, was not yet lessening himself by his forwardness. JOHNSON: "No, Sir; a man always makes himself greater as he increases his knowledge." I censured some ludicrous fantastic dialogues between two coach-horses and other * Yet surely it is a very useful work, and of wonderful research and labour for one man to have executed. † [Gibbon's "Decline and Fall," the first volume was published in Feb., 1776.] From an engraving SIR RICHARD STEELE (b. 1672, d. 1729) "When we talked of Steele's Essays, 'They are too thin,' says our critic [Johnson], 'for an Englishman's taste: mere superficial observations on life and manners, without erudition enough to make them keep-like the French wines, which turn sour with standing awhile, for want of body, as we call it.'" -Mrs. Piozzi. |