DIGITAL TELEPHONY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
ACCESS TO ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES

JOINT HEARINGŞ,995.08)
I!.. Siste, BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY AND FTHE LAW

DARESS

OF THE

SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

AND THE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONAL

RIGHTS

OF THE

HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

H.R. 4922 and S. 2375
BILLS TO AMEND TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE, TO MAKE CLEAR A
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER'S DUTY TO COOPERATE IN THE
INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PUR-
POSES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

MARCH 18 AND AUGUST 11, 1994

Serial No. J-103-46
(Senate Committee on the Judiciary)

Serial No. 97
(House Committee on the Judiciary)

Printed for the use of the Senate and House Committees on the Judiciary

SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware, Chairman EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah HOWARD M. METZENBAUM, Ohio

STROM THURMOND, South Carolina DENNIS DECONCINI, Arizona

ALAN K. SIMPSON, Wyoming PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont

CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa HOWELL HEFLIN, Alabama

ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania PAUL SIMON, Illinois

HANK BROWN, Colorado HERBERT KOHL, Wisconsin

WILLIAM S. COHEN, Maine DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California

LARRY PRESSLER, South Dakota CAROL MOSELEY-BRAUN, Illinois

CYNTHIA C. HOGAN, Chief Counsel
CATHERINE M. RUSSELL, Staff Director
MARK R. DISLER, Minority Staff Director
SHARON PROST, Minority Chief Counsel

SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY AND THE LAW

PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont, Chairman HERBERT KOHL, Wisconsin

ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania
DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California

LARRY PRESSLER, South Dakota
BRUCE COHEN, Chief Counsel
RICHARD HERTLING, Minority Chief Counsel

(IT)

95-218922

HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

JACK BROOKS, Texas, Chairman DON EDWARDS, California

HAMILTON FISH, JR., New York JOHN CONYERS, JR., Michigan

CARLOS J. MOORHEAD, California ROMANO L. MAZZOLI, Kentucky

HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois WILLIAM J. HUGHES, New Jersey

F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., MIKE SYNAR, Oklahoma

Wisconsin PATRICIA SCHROEDER, Colorado

BILL MCCOLLUM, Florida DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas

GEORGE W. GEKAS, Pennsylvania BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts

HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York

LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas HOWARD L. BERMAN, California

STEVEN SCHIFF, New Mexico RICK BOUCHER, Virginia

JIM RAMSTAD, Minnesota JOHN BRYANT, Texas

ELTON GALLEGLY, California GEORGE E. SANGMEISTER, Illinois

CHARLES T. CANADY, Florida CRAIG A. WASHINGTON, Texas

BOB INGLIS, South Carolina
JOHN F. REED, Rhode Island

BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia
JERROLD NADLER, New York
ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia
DAVID MANN, Ohio
MELVIN L. WATT, North Carolina
XAVIER BECERRA, California

JONATHAN R. YAROWSKY, General Counsel
ROBERT A. LEMBO, Counsel/Administrator

ALAN F. COFFEY, Jr., Chief Counsel

SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

DON EDWARDS, California, Chairman PATRICIA SCHROEDER, Colorado

HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts

HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina CRAIG A. WASHINGTON, Texas

CHARLES T. CANADY, Florida JERROLD NADLER, New York

CATHERINE LEROY, Counsel
Ivy DAVIS-Fox, Assistant Counsel
JAMES X. DEMPSEY, Assistant Counsel

VIRGINIA SLOAN, Assistant Counsel
MELODY BARNES, Assistant Counsel
KATHRYN HAZEEM, Minority Counsel