the danger that must arise should they be carried out to their natural developement. The course of action we have adopted is bold, but for that very reason we believe it to be prudent and safe.

had

could show itself worthy of the great duties to which, when its own principles are settled and its own stability assured, Republican America will probably be called, this is the time. It might be expected - at least by the sanWe are fully aware of the advantage that guine and single-minded persons who take the such a proceeding gives to those ever active men of the States, if a little below their own emissaries of discord, who are incessantly self-valuation, still as the most intellectual, employed in every State of the Union in stir- the most enlightened, the most free, and the ring up the feelings of the populace against most generous beings in the world- that at this country. That which is a mere measure a crisis like this, when a people of kindred of self-defence against lawless force they will descent with their own, speaking the same represent as an insult offered to the lawful language and holding the same faith, Government of the country; they will de- engaged in a terrible conflict with the enemy claim, they will distort, they will exagge- of all freedom and civilization, the Amerirate, but we must not omit to prepare cans would have forgotten trumpery jealousagainst real dangers because our prepara- ies and prejudices, and given us the aid of tions may be honestly misunderstood or de- their sympathy, if not of their arms. But signedly misrepresented. England has every no; they are not intellectual and enlightwish and every interest to remain at peace ened, and so forth, to such an extent as this. with America. The immense trade which Whether the Anglo-Saxon character deteriowe carry on with her, the community rates in certain latitudes, or whether the of language and of blood, the absence of conquest of America, by means of the Irish, any ground of dispute or subject of rivalry, who have in great measure subdued the all plead forcibly in the same direction. Yankee race, and are gradually making it How strange that under such circumstances conform to the principles and practices of its we should be driven to arm merely because Celtic masters, is being avenged upon us, it it is the will of a portion of the sovereign is hard to say. But America can see nothpeople to make war upon us, unsupported ing noble and chivalrous- but those are oldand unapproved, but also neither prevented country ideas- can see nothing grand and nor arrested, by the Government! We desire enterprising in our championship of Turkey, above all things a continuance of peace, but and our fight for the freedom of the tideless if it be the determination of any large por- sea. Our successes are scoffed at, our retion of the people of the United States to verses magnified, and a barbarous tyrant is force war upon us, we shall know how to fulsomely flattered by those who claim a meet it and repel it, without relaxing for patent in free institutions. An American an instant our gripe on the throat of the can stand up here and say that he is proud reeling and tottering giant of the north. to claim ancestry from the country of Shakspeare, and Milton, and Newton; but at his own board he drinks success to Gortschakoff, and Osten Sacken, and Mouravieff. These Canada rejoicings have already given mighty offence to the Yankees, who find subjects for sarcasm in the filial enthusiasm of an Englishman and of Englishmen's children who, in a distant land, hear that the old flag has again triumphed, and shout at the news.

But is it for the credit of those free institutions so often vaunted as all that is wise, perfect, and liberal on the face of the earth, that a friendly and kindred nation, ardently desiring peace, should feel itself compelled to stand on the defensive, not because it has any serious dispute with the Government of this free and happy community, but because that Government is unwilling or unable to prevent its citizens from going forth to murder and to plunder in the dominions of an unoffending ally? Are these the garlands with which the tree of freedom ought to be adorned, are these the laurels with which the temples of the goddess should be bound? England has some claim to be called the nursing mother of freedom; and her citizens are free because they know how to obey-how to subordinate their individual wills to that law the supremacy of which constitutes the principal distinction of a civilized community.

From the Illustrated News, 27 Oct.

IF ever there were a period in the history of a young and powerful nation when it

But we have no right to complain that Irish America is displeased at our victories, and that the eagle of the Union screeches compassionately to its doubled-headed relative, now hit somewhat hard. Indeed, we refuse to believe that a great deal of the proRussianism manifested in the States is not simulated. It will not do for the American to admire anything English; and so, with his usual enterprise, he pushes ahead and affects a creed which he does not really adopt. It is not-it cannot be that he respects the deceitful semi-savage Russian, or that he approves of institutions based upon an irresponsible despotism. But in his thin-skinned jealousy he cannot bear an addition to

572

the glory and prosperity of the nation whose Commander Crofton, are to go to Bermuda. rottenness he has preached until he almost It is rumored that this movement is in conbelieves in it. We will not do him the in- sequence of the American Government having justice he does himself. It is not ignorant folly, but only vanity, that is making him ridiculous. With so much that he might be justly vain and proud of, it is matter for regret that he cannot take his legitimate position, and find the world wide enough for us all. But that is his affair: we fear that, even to soften and satisfy him, we cannot afford to be beaten by Prince Gortschakoff.

replied to some communication made to them by the British Government on the subject of Cuba in a tone insulting to this country in the highest possible degree. The American Government bids the English Government to beware what they are about; tells them that England has its hands full already; and that, in defiance of England's interference to Cuba. The Powerful goes first for Lisbon with them, they will do what they please as before steering for Jamaica. The Powerful takes supernumeraries for the Neptune and the St. George, three-deckers, at Lisbon, and also for the squadron on the West India station. These two last-named ships, now that the Neapolitan business is settled, are also expected to go to the North American station, so that a force will be assembled that will be more than sufficient to defend the honor of England and the interests of her colonies."

From the Philadelphia Ledger of 12 Nov. — which has a

daily sale of 50,000 copies. THEM UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER. ENGLAND AND THE UNITED STATES. LET Times and the London Illustrated News, the - The London two papers that have the largest daily and weekly circulation respectively in England, have lately assumed an attitude towards the United States, in which impertinence of tone and misrepresentation of facts are combined with sinister skill.

If the American pleases, however, he must confine himself to legitimate methods of demonstrating his hostility to our cause, and his desire for the success of Russia. Tempting as the opportunity may be, while we are putting out our full force in one direction, for him to seek to embarrass us in another, we must remind him that while the two nations are at peace he must forego that happiness. It is now signified that, whether hired by Russian gold, or only prompted by a general taste for buccaneering, divers "true Americans" are inclined to give us trouble, and that it is necessary, in consequence, to increase our force in the Western Ocean. This would not be necessary were American institutions strong enough to give the Executive a proper power of restraint over unruly citizens. But it seems that the Government of America has not this power; and, feeling this, but wishing to disguise the fact, and to have some plausible pretext for refusing to act, it has instructed some of its organs to get up petulant and unfounded complaints against Lord Palmerston and our representatives in the States. All this will all intelligent and patriotic men in either This course is deeply to be regretted by most probably end in nothing beyond some country. For so close is the country and voluminous despatches and some irritating race, language and laws, between Great newspaper articles, for it is impossible to be- Britain and America, and so intimate are lieve that the leading men in America will the commercial relations, that a war between pay more than an affected homage to the bad the two nations would not only be fatal to temper of certain of their constituents. But the model institutions do not work so well that we can calculate upon results; and it is desirable that the press of England should make it as clear as possible to the people of America that we quite understand the state of the question, and that we know that the Americans do not sympathize with Russia, but that they have not yet been able to get over their prejudices against us. that vaunts itself as a people of thinkers A nation will surely, under such circumstances, exert common sense enough to preserve its temper.

RUMORED DISAGREEMENT WITH THE UNITED STATES.-The Hants Telegraph says:

"The Powerful, 84, Captain Massey, is ordered to Jamaica; and the Cornwallis, 60, Captain Wellesley; Pembroke, 60, Captain Seymour (screws); and Rosamond, 6, paddle,

human progress, but eminently injurious to
the belligerents themselves. It would be a
war, moreover, in which neither side could
conquer, but which would end as a drawn
battle, with both exhausted. It would be a
war at which despotic Europe would openly
rejoice, a war which would probably raise
the French mercantile marine to that height
to which it has long aspired, a war which -
to the battle of Waterloo would put back
to use the words of Robert Hall, in reference
the dial-hand of the world's history for cen-
turies.

fore, for influential journals, on either side,
It seems but little short of madness, there-
Yet it is certain that articles like those we
to lend their aid in fomenting such a war.
have alluded to cannot but have such a ten-
dency. The fact that they appear simulta-
neously in the two leading London papers,

and that they are coincident with the des- might be inclined to pass over. Diplomatic patch of a comparatively powerful British relations between the Sardinian and Tuscan fleet to the West Indies, favors the notion Governments have been now for some time that there are others, however, besides news- suspended. The cause is of a private nature, paper editors, who are fanning the embers of and may seem to some trivial, but the dispute hostility, and probably for their own personal has already become serious, and may have ends. The character of Lord Palmerston, important results. Italy has been spoken of the English Premier, lends color to the idea by an Austrian statesman as a "geographical that these editorials, as well as the warlike idea," and it is too true that that unhappy demonstration, are parts of a scheme intend- country is divided against itself, and has its ed to bully this country. It is generally said hopes and fears beyond its own boundaries. that neither he nor Lord Clarendon, the Never was there a more lamentable proof of Foreign Secretary, are particularly favorable this than in the dissensions which the Tuscan to the United States, and it is universally Government, relying on the protection and known that Louis Napoleon, whose tools moved by the instigation of Austria, has just they are to a certain extent, positively hates now wilfully raised. The history of the afAmerica. Under such circumstances, it fair may be told in a few words. A certain may require some forbearance on the part of Count Casati emigrated from Lombardy in the American press to prevent hostile senti- 1848 and became a Sardinian subject. His ment growing up towards England. son entered the diplomatic service, and was for about a year attaché to the Legation at Constantinople. He was thence transferred to Florence, but not before the Marquis Sauli, Sardinian Minister at the Tuscan Court, had announced the intention of his Government to the Grand Duke's Minister for Foreign Affairs. In answer to the inquiries of the Tuscan Cabinet, it was stated that the young Count Casati was a naturalized Sardinian subject, and in 1848 he was only 18 years of age. This was quite satisfactory; the Sardinian Minister announces the appointment officially-M. Baldasseroni, the Tuscan Prime Minister, replies politely. The new attaché leaves cards with M. Baldasseroni and the Austrian Minister at Florence, who leave theirs in return. It is clear that the Tuscan Government has no objection to the appointment.

It is incontestible, we think, that the people of England and America have no desire for such a war. But as we have seen a bloody and protracted struggle break out in the Orient, against the original wishes of the people of Great Britain, we are warned that a war is not impossible anywhere, under the combined influences of a blundering diplomacy, a demagoguical premier, and a slanderous and malignant press. The situation of affairs in Central America is such, moreover, that a false step on either side might exasperate the two nations mutually beyond the probabilities of reconciliation. For if, as has been surmised, the destination of the British West Indian fleet is to seize all the important points on the Nicaragua coast, so as to cut off our road to California, a collision might easily arise between the English and American flags, which could only be wiped out in blood. But we trust that the wisdom of our administration, the conduct of its subordinates, and the impartial attitude of the press, will forbear making such a strife. On the other hand, the good sense of the English people, we hope, will prevent any unjustifiable movement on the part of the British fleet.

Should a war between the two countries, however, ever arise, America will, at least, be able to take care of herself. The Mexican war proved that we can improvise an army whenever we wish. The Eastern war has shown that England cannot. It is not, therefore, from any fear of Great Britain that we recommend forbearance; but because, feeling our own strength, we think it childish to bully or be bullied.

From The Times, 23 Oct.
AUSTRIA AND SARDINIA.
WE have to invite the most earnest atten-
tion of our readers to a matter which they

But a sudden change is at hand. In a few days the Tuscan Premier calls on the Marquis Sauli, states that the Grand Duke's Government has been too precipitate in receiving the son of a refugee, and begs that the attaché may be sent away on leave, and then receive another destination. This request is forwarded to Turin, but the haste of M. Baldas

seroni cannot await an answer. He addresses
an official note to the Marquis Sauli intimat-
ing that Count Casati must at once be sent
on leave, and never return, as he would not
be received by the Grand Duke.
This note
was evidently contrary to all diplomatic pre-
cedent. The Court of Florence, having once
received a member of a Legation, cannot be
allowed to order him from the capital without
a cause. The communication could not, in
the opinion of the Marquis Sauli, be received
without compromising the dignity of the
Sardinian Government. It was accordingly
returned, but the Sardinian Minister used all
means to bring the matter to a friendly con-
clusion. M. Baldasseroni would now hear

the question, but was determined to consider it a personal one to himself." "We shall fix a time," continues Count Buol," in which the difference ought to be made up ; it does not matter to us whether there be a Sardinian

nothing, but at once wrote to Turin a demand that the Sardinian Minister himself should be at once recalled. The only course now open to the Court of Turin was, therefore, to break off all diplomatic relations with the Tuscan Government. The Sardinian Minister at Florence or not, but if you do not Legation left Florence, and the Tuscan Minister at Turin received his passports. This is the state in which the matter rests.

settle the dispute His Imperial Majesty will consider it a personal affair, and take measures accordingly." The question now Why did M. Baldasseroni so quickly change is whether Austria shall be allowed to "take his mind about the young attaché? Why measures" in the manner which Count Buol was the friendly interchange of visiting cards indicates. Is Piedmont to suffer for her alfollowed by so hasty a demand for Count liance with us? The Court of Vienna has Casati's recall? What instigated the Tuscan formed a high resolve; it is for Europe to say Court to a breach of diplomatic rules and an whether it shall be carried out. The Tuscan open rupture with a friendly Power? In Government, doubtless through Austrian inthe answer to these questions lies the whole stigation, will listen to nothing. The British importance of the matter. The Tuscan Gov- Minister at Turin tendered his mediation; it ernment, with a due sense of obedience, asked was accepted by the Sardinian Cabinet, and the opinion of Count Buol, the Austrian a proposition was made involving great conMinister of Foreign Affairs. The Viennese statesman, in reply, asks whether the Grand Duke of Tuscany can really think proper, "in his position as an Austrian Archduke," to receive in his palace a person who could not be received by his Imperial Majesty or by any Austrian Minister? This was enough. The Tuscan palace was in commotion. Reparation must be made at any cost. M. Baldasseroni, probably trembling for his place, was eager to atone for his former civility to the revolutionary attaché. He first solicits, then, without waiting for an answer, categorically demands, the young man's recall. Because the demand is not at once complied with, the terrified Grand Duke and his Minister hasten to show their devotion to the Imperial cause by an insolent and unnecessary rupture with a friendly Italian State. It may be said, however, that it does not much matter. Let the Grand Duke suspend his relations until he chooses to renew them. Sardinia may be well content to see with calmness the display of impotent spite excited in Viennese and Florentine cliques by the noble course which Victor Emmanuel has taken in the present war. Let the Court of Turin give itself no trouble about the renewal of diplomatic intercourse. But such remarks would be founded on a misconception of the part which Austria thinks herself entitled to play in Italian politics. Our readers have yet to learn how far Count Buol is inclined to follow up what he and his colleagues consider their success.

Sardinia is threatened. Count Buol carries matters with a high hand. In an interview with the Sardinian Minister at Vienna he boldly states that, "as the rupture between the Courts of Florence and Turin had taken place in consequence of instructions sent by the Imperial Government, His Majesty the Emperor would not remain out of

cessions to Tuscany, for the sake of peace. This proposition the Tuscan Government has peremptorily refused to receive. The Grand Duke relies on Austria, and Austria relies on her superior strength to force Piedmont into abject compliance. It remains to be seen whether the confidence of the great and the petty autocrat has a sound foundation. A storm of this kind has been long foreseen. Austria can never forgive Piedmont for being the ally of France and England. She cannot see without apprehension the faint dawn of Italian independence. Her influence in Turin, Florence, Rome, and Naples she looks upon as of little less importance than her sway over Milan and Venice. These Italian States were outworks of her empire. One of them is in alliance with France—the capital of another is occupied by French troops. It is not impossible that Austria may seek to regain her ascendancy by something more than high words. It is for this reason that we call the attention of the English people to the matter.

But, if the public will be surprised and indignant at the conduct of a foreign and despotic Court, what will they say to the course taken by a representative of the British nation, who abandons the cause of our deserving ally, and panders to the prejudices and passions of the Tuscan Camarilla? The Marquis of Normanby is the Minister of England at Florence. He is connected, perhaps too closely, with the Court and society of the place, and evidently knows little of the feelings which animate his countrymen in this great cause. He thinks that the Grand Duke is quite right-that Count Buol and his master only exercise a proper influence. With him the young attaché is a rebel, or, at least, of rebel breed. We learn from our own correspondence and from other sources that he has openly censured the conduct of the

From The Times, 24 Oct. CONSTANTINOPLE AND RUSSIA.

Sardinian Government in appointing to office | teries of Kinburn. Their galleys often asthe son of a refugee. If we are correctly in- sembled at a little narrow harbor of the formed, a diplomatic agent, instructed by the Tauric Chersonese, for ages the refuge of piBritish Government, has been sent to Florence rates, now famous through the world under to bring Lord Normanby to views more worthy the name of Balaklava. Ages passed on; of his position, and we trust that his efforts Constantinople fell before the Crusader, a may be ultimately successful. In the mean- yearly decreasing circle marked the limits of time our Minister gives his support to the its imperial sway; when the Sultans were at Grand Duke and Count Buol, who have thus Broussa and Adrianople the city of the Bosbeen encouraged in their violent and insult- phorus knew its impending fate; yet, though ing course. Whatever may be the result, it the Russian was still in the heart of his des will be the duty of the nation to see to this. erts and the Ottoman was almost on the im It cannot allow any man to desert the first perial throne, the legends of the Greek still duties of his office. As Lord Normanby will pointed to the yellow-haired race who were doubtless be called upon to defend his con- to bear rule in the latter days. The old wars duct, we shall say no more; but he may be were now over, the Muscovite worshipped assured that this is no small matter, and that according to the ritual of Eastern orthodoxy, the examination will be as severe as the and confessed the primacy of the Byzantine charge is serious. Patriarch; he was no longer a terror, but a hope; he was to rise up as an avenger, and to deliver the sacred dome of St. Sophia from the pollution of Moslem rites. No sooner was Mahomet sovereign of the city than the A PROPHECY has for a thousand years hung duration of the Ottoman sway was predicted. over the East, for a thousand years Con- It was to last 400 years. No prophecy is more stantinople has believed that it saw in dim explicit, has been more widely extended, or prophetic vision its ultimate lords. That city has raised greater expectation. From the of decaying empires has always dreamt of the White Sea to the Persian Gulf it has been barbarians who were to come-a race fiercer, the belief of millions. Its origin we know more crafty, and more enduring than that not; but, unlike most predictions, it has been which overthrew old Rome. The great Leo equally received by those who feared and withstood the full tide of Saracen invasion; those who hoped its fulfilment. Greek, though, while Charles Martel has been Russian, and Turk have alike accepted it. handed down by fame for defeating a preda- It has stimulated the ambition of the Czars, tory band of Arabs, the deeds of the great it has encouraged the obstinacy of the Rayahs, Byzantine Emperor, the real saviour of it has unnerved and depressed the Turks, Europe, are almost forgotten. Constantino- made them more reckless of the future, and ple rolled back the tide of Saracen conquest, more selfish in the concerns of to-day. The and from that hour the empire of the Caliphs Christian has never ceased to speak of Roubegan to decline. The Imperial city was melia as his country and St. Sophia as his doomed to fall seven centuries later beneath church; the Mussulman has acquiesced, and the sway of the race which had succeeded to often seeks to bury his dead on the Asiatic the Arab inheritance of empire. But neither shore, that they may rest in peace in their when the Isaurian Emperor was threatened own land. Natural causes seemed so likely by the fleets of the Caliph, nor when the last to have inspired and to be tending to fulfil Palæologus perished by the Ottoman sword, the prophecy, that even Gibbon-no ready was there any belief that the Moslem was the believer-gives an ear to its revelations. true destined lord of Constantinople. Super-Perhaps," he says, "the present generastition and history both pointed to the North. tion may yet behold the accomplishment of New Rome would fall under a race which the prediction-of a rare prediction, of should come like the Goth and Lombard from which the style is unambiguous and the date the great nursery of nations. When, in the unquestionable.' ninth century, the name of Russia was first heard by the pilots of the Euxine, the old vague belief was strengthened, and the faith in predestined empire added to the terrors inspired by the fiercest and most powerful of the northern hordes. In the course of two centuries Constantinople was four times attacked by the Russian fleets. Their port for preparation or retreat was the estuary of the Borysthenes, the spot where the flags of France and England now wave over the bat

The prophecy, however, is not yet fulfilled. Its accomplishment seems more distant to us than it did to a historian of the reign of Catherine. We are now engaged in a struggle against the last of the barbarians, and as yet its course promises well for civilization. The Russians are not now descending the Dnieper to carry terror into the Golden Horn. On the contrary, the ships of the West have burst the gate which defends the last stronghold of the Czar's naval power.