From The Independent. THE WIND IN THE PINE. O WAILING Wind! what words are thine, Thou shouldst not breathe so sad a lay That meekly stands through shine and shower, While deep within the leafy wood I hear a birdling's silver call, That maketh glad the solitude O! I have seen thee shut the Rose By holy shrine at set of sun, That, sloping southward to the sun, Its radiant blossoms one by one, But now those joyous tones are fled, Some maiden's fond and faithful lover? Or, where the misty northern seas Will deem it is the soul of him Within some cavern greenly dim ! Or, sadder far than this, than all, O hast thou seen the living death Of one to whom a funeral pall, A pang to steal the lingering breath, A green and quiet burial sod, Apart from men, alone with God, Would be a joy, a welcome bed, For love and hope alike were fled? And, blending sorrow's tone with thine, Hast stolen to this answering pine? O, wailing Wind! thy mournful sighs The stars are looking forth in heaven, Save when a mountain bird has given Its rushing pinions to the blue And silent depths it wanders through Up to its nest beneath the shade Some cliff's o'erhanging brow has made; That lies so tranquilly below. Their wings above their breasts of gold, Droop round the door to welcome me. But often when the skies are clear And thou shalt give me back thine own, New Hampshire, Sept., 1855. DEAN. From Household Words. PETER THE GREAT IN ENGLAND. THERE was to be seen till lately in the Palace at Hampton Court, a fine full-length portrait of a beardless young man (intentionally beardless), in armor, with a broad and vigorous expression of face, with large eyes that betray a fixed determination of purpose, and, I must add, a liking for strong drinks. I refer to the portrait of Peter the Great, which Sir Godfrey Kneller painted for King William the Third during the brief visit of three months which the Czar paid to England in the exceeding sharp and cold season of the year sixteen hundred and ninety-eight. Kneller was never happier than in this picture. He knew his strength; and in the background-a sea-scape (as painters affect to call such things) -he obtained the assistance of the younger Valdervelde, a master in the treatment of maritime matters. This picture is now, I believe, at Buckingham Palace. Prince Albert took it away during the visit to England of the late Emperor Nicholas; but his royal highness, now that the case is altered, may perhaps think proper to return it to its old quarters. Peter was in his twenty-sixth year when he first set foot in England. He had been learning ship-building at Amsterdam, and his visit to England was for no other avowed purpose than that of improving his mechanical skill by steady labor in our naval dockyards. He came among us with the approbation of King William the Third: houses were hired for him and his rough retinue, and paid for by the king. companied the visits of kings and emperors and their ambassadors. He came to this country from the Hague with Vice-Admiral Mitchell, and arrived among us on Tuesday, the eleventh of January, sixteen hundred and ninety-seven-eight. His arrival was soon made public, but the privacy of his visit was still as far as possible maintained. On the day after his arrival he went incognito in a hackney-coach to Kensington, to see William the Third and his court at dinner, — dining in public being then a custom still lingering about royalty. On the following day he called on the Marquis of Caermarthen in Leicester Square, then an invalid, having hurt his leg at the fire which, only a week before the Czar arrived among us, ceased to make Whitehall the palace of a sovereign. On the Friday following he received a visit from King William the Third. It was a private visit, made by the king in the coach of the Earl of Romney, the brother of Algernon Sidney, and the handsome Sidney of De Grammont's Memoirs. The Czar accompanied the king in Lord Romney's coach as far as Whitehall, where he stepped into his own carriage, and, attended by the Guards, went in his robes to the House of Peers. The penny-a-liner of the time, from whom we derive these particulars, adds: "His Czarish majesty was there, it is said, incognito." But this I see reason to doubt. Peter the Great while in England was as shy and unwilling to be seen as Peter the Wild Boy. He was present at a ball given at Kensington by King William in honor of the birthday of the Princess Anne, afterwards Queen; or rather he may be said to have seen the ball, for his shyness confined him to a small room, from which he could see without being seen. When he saw King His first London lodging was in Norfolk Street, in the Strand, then a newly-built street, and one of the best inhabited streets in London. Some red-brick houses of Peter's William on his throne in the House of Lords time still exist. His second house-I might (a sight he had expressed a particular wish almost call it his country house- was at to see), it was not from the gallery nor from Saye's Court, in Deptford, on the banks of below the bar of the house, but from a gutthe Thames, contiguous to the Royal Dock-ter in the housetop,.from which he was enayard-then in the tenancy of Evelyn, au-bled to peep through a window into the thor of the Sylva (now better known by his house. He retired from this unpleasant Memoirs), but recently sub-let by him to no less a person than the bluff and brave Admiral Benbow. The chief native attendant of the Czar bore a name that 'has lately become familiar enough in English ears: he was called Prince Menzikoff. His English attendant was Osborne Marquis of Caermarthen, afterwards the second Duke of Leeds. The marquis was a naval officer of talent and distinction; -and this selection by the king was in every way appropriate. His visit was one of entire privacy, and consequently without those courtly ceremonies attending his arrival which usually ac point of view sooner, it is said, than he intended; for he made so ridiculous a figure (says Lord Dartmouth, who was present) that neither king nor peers could forbear laughing. He was taken to all our London sights at that time of any moment. To the lions and armories in the Tower; to the monuments and wax figures in Westminster Abbey ; to Lambeth Palace; to the masquerade on the last night of the Temple revels; and to the two theatres in Drury Lane and Dorset Gardens. He was chiefly attracted by the Tower and the performances at Drury Lane. The wild beasts and implements of war were adapted to his rougher nature, while the when, in eighteen hundred and fourteen, on charms of a Miss Cross, the original Miss the visit of the allied sovereigns, he passed Hoyden, in Vanbrugh's Relapse, and the through Godalming to Portsmouth, to return first actress who had Miss prefixed to her to the capital of the Czar Peter! name in playbills, were so engaging that the rough Czar of Russia became enamored of her beauty. Of this Miss Cross the story is told in the Spectator, that when she first arived in the Low Countries, she was not computed to be so handsome as Madam van Brisket by near half a ton. There is a fine old mezzotinto which still preserves to us the beautiful features that won the youthful heart of Peter the Great. There was a natural curiosity among the English people to see a sovereign from so remote a country as Muscovy; and Overton, the printseller (he is immortalized by Pope), took advantage of this desire, and borrowing a plate from Holland of the effigies of his Czarish majesty, immediately worked off sufficient impressions to satisfy the public. Other proofs of his popularity have been preserved. A song in praise of the Czar of He did not speak English, nor is he known Muscovy was performed on Thursday, the to have been desirous of learning it. Few tenth of February, in the Music Room of of his sayings have therefore been preserved. York Buildings, the Hanover Square Rooms Three, however, have reached us. He told of the then London; and the History of the Admiral Mitchell that he considered the Ancient and Present State of Muscovy, by condition of an English admiral happier Abel Roper, was advertised to be published than that of a Czar of Russia. To King this term-the lawyer then, as indeed long William he observed, "If I were the adviser after, materially regulating the London of your majesty, I should counsel you to season. remove your court to Greenwich, and to conI have discovered the name of the opera vert St. James' once more into an hospital." which the Czar went to hear. It was BeauWhen in Westminster Hall, he inquired mont and Fletcher's Prophetess, or the Hiswho the busy gentlemen were in wigs and tory of Diocletian, with alterations and ad gowns; and being told they were lawyers-ditions, after the manner of an opera, made "Lawyers!" said he;" why, I have but two by Betterton the great actor. It was a new in my whole dominions, and I design to hang opera. The music was by Purcell, the one of them the moment I get home." dances by Mr. Priest, and the scenes, maThe Marquis of Caermarthen was very chinery, and clothes were costly and effecattentive to the wishes of the Czar. On tive. It was a perfectly successful piece, and Tuesday last (records the penny-a-liner of there was enough in it to attract the Czar, to the period) the Marquis of Caermarthen whom everything of the kind was an entire treated the Czar of Muscovy in a splendid novelty. manner. He took him to Chatham to a launch, and to Spithead to a naval review. They went to Spithead by the old Portsmouth road, and returned the same way, resting at Godalming for a day, where (at the King's Arms Inn, in the Iligh Street) they had two meals: breakfast and dinner. The bills of fare on the occasion have been preserved by Wanley, the learned keeper of Lord Oxford's library. They were thirteen at table (an uncomfortable number), and twenty-one in all. At breakfast they had half a sheep, a quarter of lamb, ten pullets, twelve chickens, nine quarts of brandy, six quarts of mulled wine, seven dozen eggs, with salad in proportion. At dinner they had five ribs of beef (weight three stone), one sheep (weight fifty-six pounds three-quarters), a shoulder of lamb, and a loin of veal boiled, eight pullets, eight rabbits, two dozen and a half of sack, and one dozen of claret. Here is a bill reminding us by its locality and rabbits of Mary Tofts, who has given an unhappy celebrity to the pleasant little posttown of Godalming in Surrey. I have often wondered if the story of the Czar's two meals was remembered by the Emperor Alexander A new entertainment was advertised for Thursday, the seventeenth of February, sixteen hundred and ninety-seven-eight. It was at Exeter Change, in the Strand, and was called (corruptly enough) A Redoubt after the Venetian manner, "where," continues the advertisement, "there will be some considerable Basset Banks and a variety of other entertainment." No person was to be admitted without a mask. Tickets were to be had at the well-known chocolate houses, Ozinda's and White's, and the entertainment was to begin exactly at ten o'clock at night. Peter came from Deptford to London to see this Venetian importation; but he found it suppressed, with six constables at the door to prohibit the performance. To relieve his disappointment-so a Mr. Bertie writes to Dr. Charlett of Oxford - he fell to drinking hard at one Mr. Morley's; and the Marquis of Caermarthen, it being late, resolved to lodge him at his brother-inlaw's. Here (and still with the Marquis) he dined the next day-drank a pint of sherry and a bottle of brandy for his morning draught; after that, about eight more bottles of sack, and so went to the playhouse. - The There was a cordial at this time fit for the see this ruler of barbaric millions. closet of any person of quality, and very pop- Quakers were, of course, the most pressing. ular, if we may believe the public advertise- William Penn (he lived in Norfolk Street) ments, called Nectar Ambrosia, the highest had an interview with him. The brother-incordial- we are assured by the proprietor law of Robert Barclay (the apologist) manthat ever was made in England. It was aged to converse with him on Quaker tenets, prepared from the richest spices, herbs, and and to obtain his acceptance of two copies of flowers, and drawn from right Nantz brandy. Barclay's book. A teasing question was put On Wednesday, the ninth of February, the by the Czar to Barclay's brother-in-law. author of the new cordial called Nectar Am- "Of what use can you be in any kingdom brosia, so much in vogue of late, presented or government, seeing you will not bear arms the Czar of Muscovy with a large bottle of it and fight?" The Czar was inclined to look curiously wrought in flint, which his Czarish upon them as Jesuits, but altered his opinmajesty very kindly accepted, and he, the ion, and with his attendants in the English prince, and the rest of his nobles very highly costume of the time, attended a Quaker approved of it. The proprietor was Mr. meeting in White Hart Court, in GraceJohn How, living in Ram's Head Yard, in church Street: in that court where, only a Fenchurch Street; a man no doubt of many few years before, Fox the founder of the sect trades, for I find that he was the publisher had died. His presence was recognized, and, -in sixteen hundred and ninety-nine- of to avoid the gaze which he could not endure, Ned Ward's London Spy. Ned himself he left before the meeting was over. afterwards kept a public-house, and may When Peter was in England the see of have had a finger in the concoction of the Nectar Ambrosia, that so took the Czar. This celebrated compound was sold in bottles, price two shillings and one shilling each, and in glasses of twopence and one penny each. The newspapers inform us, that the Czar afterwards sent for a quantity -highly approving of it. There was a great meeting while Peter was in England, and at which he was expected to have been present. This was the Newmarket meeting, then the centre of attraction for horse-racing, cock-fighting, and other kindred pursuits. Led horses for the Czar the papers report had been sent to the palace. The king was there, attended by five dukes, eleven earls; by barons, baronets, knights, and squires. There was much that was attractive. The famous Yorkshire horse, backed by Mr. Boucher, was to run against Mr. Framptom's Turk. The distance was four miles-the weight that each was to carry was ten stone, and the stake five hundred pounds. Among the earls was a great captain, the future Duke of Marlborough. Lord Godolphin also was presentwhose name, through his famed "Arabian," is known to thousands who never heard of the Godolphin ministry, nor Sid Hamet's rod, made immortal by Dean Swift. the same Canterbury was filled by Tenison Burnet had good interpreters, and had much free discourse with him. He found that he was subject to convulsive motions over his body, and that his head seemed to be affected by them; that he was not wanting in capacity, and had a larger measure of knowledge than his education had led him to expect. He found him a man of a very hot temper, soon influenced, and very brutal in his passion, raising his natural heat by frequent recourse to brandy, which he rectified himself. His turn was for mechanics; and nature-so thought the bishopseemed to have designed him rather to be a There was one person whom the Czar ship-carpenter than a great prince. He (while in England) expressed a wish to meet, and that was Edmund Halley, the great mathematician and astronomer, whose practical acquaintance with the variation of the compass and the courses of the tides he rightly thought were matters of great importance. Halley spoke German fluently, and Peter was pleased with the conversation of the illustrious Englishman. Religious enthusiasts sought eagerly to wrought much with his own hands, and made all about him work at the models of ships. He was resolved to encourage learning, and to polish his people by sending some of them to travel in other countries, and to draw strangers to come and live with them. He was desirous to understand the doctrine of the Church of England, but did not seem disposed to mend matters in Muscovy. The bishop adds-and this, perhaps, is the most important portion of what he has related about Peter "He told me he designed a great fleet at Azoff, and with it to attack the Turkish empire." Here we have, explained, the policy which Russia has been pursuing secretly, but sometimes openly (now openly enough), since Peter learned to build ships at Deptford. Little, perhaps, did the Czar imagine that this policy was, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-four, to cost the country in which he was learning the arts of aggression, a fleet in the Baltic, a fleet in the Black Sea, and an expedition into the Sea of Azoff. Nay, that to repel his attack on the Turkish empire, France and England should join their forces for the first time; and that the existence of Turkey as an empire would be fought for, as it now is (a world-wide fact), before the greatest stronghold of Russia or of any nation, ancient or modern. The Czar liked brandy and Ambrosia, and he liked a strong mixture called " pepper and brandy." The Marquis of Caermarthen often joined him in his orgies. But what told on the Czar Peter-perhaps from its frequency-is not known to have been injurious to the English marquis. Peter was at this time subject to convulsive motions of the body, that seemed, as I have already related, to affect his head. But the English were deep drinkers, especially our sailors, and the marquis was an English admiral-so, indeed, was Benbow, another of Peter's companions during his three months' visit to England. Peter should have known (we fear he did not) the most distinguished admiral then alive-Admiral Russell, who defeated the French off La Hogue, for which he was created Earl of Oxford, and who is said to have mixed the largest bowls of punch ever made. One was dug in his garden at Chippenham in Cambridgeshire, the other he made at Lisbon. There is still to be seen in Little Tower Street, in the City of London, a public-house (recently refronted) bearing the sign of the Czar's Head. This was the favorite resort of Peter when in London. Hither he would come from Deptford after his labors in the dockyard, and his watching the changes which the artificers of the yard were making in a yacht called the Royal Transport, which King William had presented to him, with permission to make such alterations in her as he considered necessary. He came from Deptford to London in a small decked boat, which he assisted in working to Tower Stairs. After the orgies he delighted in, he was not, I fear, very well fitted to pilot the boat on their return down the river to Deptford; but the Thames was not yet then lashed and troubled by large and small steamers and boats of every description, which now crowd her waters from London Bridge to Blackwall. He may have concluded his nights at the Czar's Head. King William was not inattentive to the Czar. He made him a second visit, at which an odd incident occurred. The Czar had a favorite monkey, which usually sat upon the back of the Czar's chair. As soon as the king was seated, the monkey jumped somewhat angrily upon him. The "great Nassau" was disconcerted, the whole ceremonial discomposed, and most of the time (Lord Dartmouth, who tells the story, assures us) was spent in apologies for the monkey's behavior. The Czar is said to have enjoyed his visit to England, but it was high time for him to return. He had been apprehensive of his sister's intrigues, and a confirmation of his suspicions hurried him away. On Monday, the eighteenth of April, sixteen hundred and ninety-eight, he went to Kensington, to take leave of the king. "He thanked his majesty for the kind entertainment and honor he had received in his majesty's dominions, and for the fine ship he had presented him with." On the same occasion, Peter made a present to his majesty of "a fine ruby of very great value." On Wednesday, the twentieth of April, he dined at Wimbleton with the Duke of Leeds, the Earl of Danby, so celebrated in the reign of Charles the Second, and the father of his friend the Marquis of Caermarthen. On his return to Deptford the same night, he found "very fine music to divert and serenade him." This was the last night he spent on shore. On Thursday, the twenty-first of April, he set sail from Deptford, for Holland, under convoy of two men-of-war- the York and the Greenwich -and three yachts, commanded by Admiral Mitchell. He was detained for some days by contrary winds, but at last left England, which he was never to see again. He landed at the Hague, sending the Royal Transport yacht to Archangel, from whence (so it was said) he was to carry it by land to the river Tanais. Lord Caermarthen accompanied him as far as Chatham, to whom, however, he did not say farewell, without conferring a favor-and one of moment. This was the right of importing tobacco into Russia. In the first year he was to consign three thousand hogsheads, in the second five thousand, and afterwards six thousand hogsheads yearly. What the marquis made by his monopoly no one has told us. His physician he left behind him for two months, that he might see Oxford, Cambridge, and Bath, and took with him two boys from the mathematical school founded at Christ's Hospital by King Charles the Second, and what the newspapers of the time |